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THE GREAT Mughat^OF INDIA THE GREAT MUGHAt^OF INDIA A Select Annotated Bibliography SibiiiittN in Partial Fatfilmaat far tha Award af tha Dairaa af Mnittx of Hibrarp & information S^titntt 1itVS2 BY MISS SHAHNAZ ZOHRA ZAIDI Roll No. 91 L8M-12 Enrolment No. X-1992 Under the Supervision of Mr. Almuzaffar A. G. Khan 'Readwr) DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY B INPOR«ilATION SCIENCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY AUGABH <(NQ4A) 1992 t; -fv- DS2396 DEDICATED TO MY DEAREST DADA Late Col. B.H. Zaidi Former Vice Chancellor Aligarh Muslim University ALIGARH CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY '* ( i - iii ) INTRODUCTION .. 1-23 BIBLIOGRAPHY '* 24-115 INDEXES! AUTHOR INDEX .. 116-123 TITLE INDEX .. 124-137 LIST OF PERIODICALS .. 138 ************** ***** AGKNOI; LEDGE MEKT It is indeed a great pleasure to express my gratitude to ur, rtlftiuzzaffar ^.G, Khan, Reader, for his valuable suggestions/ kind guidance/ stimulating discussions/ deep interest/ continuous encouragement and inspiration, which maae these investigations a rewarding experience. I am very thankful to Prof. Mohammad Sabir Hussain, Chairman/ Department of Library and Information Science* A.M.U./ Aligarh/ S. Mustafa Zaidi/ Reader, and Hasan Zamarrud/ Reader, for sparing some time and energy to give valuable suggestions. My special thanks must go to my brother Mr, Aley rlehdi riasan ^aidi,Syed Bilal Hasan Zaidi iUncle) and younger sister iMaaz Zaidi for their assistance and continous encouragement throughout the course of this work. I am also grateful to Prof.Niirul Hasan Khan, Librarian/ Maulana Azad Library, A,M,U,,Aligarh, Sartaj Abidi, Assistant Librarian of Nehru Memorial Muse\im &. Library, Teen Murti, New Delhi and S.P. Das, Assistant Librarian of Indian Council Historical Research (ICHR), Bara Khamba Roaf, New Delhi for proviaing library facilities. I am very thankful to Mr. Muj ahid Ali Khan who is my class mate and Mr, M.H.Siddiqi who typed the dissertation in a very short time. SHAHNAZ ZOHRA ZAIDI C i ) SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY The study includes 267 selected abbotated articles on the subject collected frcan Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University* Aligarh, Seminar Library of Department o£ History, Indian Council of Historical Research, Bara Khamba Road, New Delhi, Mehru Memorial Museum & Library, Teen Murti, Wew Delhi. STANDASD FOLLOWED As far as possible the international standard has been followed, after searching the literature, entries were recorded on 20 x 12 cms cards the entries in the bibliography contain abstract giving essential information about the articles, each entry has been given a subject headings. The subject headings are derived on the basis of indexable terms and with the help of sxibj ect headings. ARRANGEMENT The bibliography is in three parts, part one deals with the historical background of Mughals. ( ii ) Part two deals with bibliography, entries in bibliographical part have been arranged alphabetically according to their subject heading. Almost letter by letter method ±§ followed under the specific subject neadings the entries are serially numbered to facili­ tate location of an item through index given in part tnree. Each bibliographical entry contains the follow­ ing items of information: a) Serial number b) Name of author/authors l a semi colon (;) in between the authors ) c) r» full stop ( . ) d) Title of tlie article including sxib title and alternative title, if any, e) Colon (;) f) rt full stop (.) g) Title of the periodical in abbreviated or in full forn h) ^ full stop ( , ) i) Year of periodicals in abbreviated or in full form. j) r^ canaC) k) volume nurriber 1) Issue nxmiber in bracket ( ) m) A coma (,) n) Inclusive page of article. ( iii ) A specimen of the entry is given below: Sharma, Dasharatha. Akbar Cavalry: the Jat and Sewar ranks. Journal of Indian History. 5(3); Dec. 1926:359-66. Third part deals with the Title Index & Author Index. My dissertation is in partial fulfilment of Master of Library and Information Science Degree, the Department of Library and Information Science/ Aligarh Muslim University/ Aligarh. It. Scope is strictly from 1526- 1707 A.D. This dissertation I have left the books i.e. Macro thought on Mughal period and I have taken into accovint the Micro thought and article on Mughal History. The eminent historians of the present day punlished in various journals like Journal of Indian History, Kerala University, Msdern Review, Historical Abstracts extra, A list which is being appended. The main bibliography is arranged in alphabetical. The entries are fully annotarated and serially numbered for the sake of convenient location. PART - ONE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Medieval History of India inccmpasses a large period frcan conquest of Sind by Mohd, kjasim to the ulti­ mate fall of the Great Mughal Empire i.e. Bahadur Shah Zafar and taking over of the reign of India by the British but these are vague distinctions made by Great historians on the bases of scxne historical importance. For the con­ venience medieval period is divided into two broad groups namely early medieval period which deals with the history of Khiljis* Tuglaks/ Slaves Lodies and Syeds and later medieval which deals with the establishment of the Great i-iughal empire by Babar in the first decisive battle of panipat which was between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi and finally with Rana Sangha. After the defeat of the two great warriors at the hand of Babar the foundation of Mughal Empire as laid in India. The most authentic sources of Mughal history are sup­ posed to be the accovmts of official court -historians of Mughal rulers and the autobiographies of the emperors like i'uzzuki Bababri,Tuzzuki Jahangiri, the Royal Farmans Ahkams, Irshadats/ administrative notes# official letters and private letters written by rulers and the books like Akbarnama,The-.f^kbari/ Ruqqat a-i-Alamgiri/ all these together form the sources of Mughal history. The official coxirt historians were not properly grounded in historical writings* they were not impartial as historians should be, they were paid servants of the kings and some element of flattery exagerations is likely to creep in the historical accounts but intelligent his­ torian of the present can very well eliminate tne flattery part while reading their books. Another major draw-back in the writing is their ignorance of economic and social forces working behind all the events of the Mughal period, ^ focus of historians were tne kings* the princes and nobles/ the description is mainly concerned with war and conquests but the study of history in Modern time is a complex affair* the modern Historians are using various tools from economics* sociology and other disciplies. This has given new dimentions to the study of history. We have a niomber of historians of Mughal history who have tried to bring out new aspects of Mughal period. These historian to mention a few are Qanoongo * Jadxinath - 3 stxucture proves disastrous also for one pre colonical economy. The Mughal system left little with the pea­ santry to invest in improvement of agriculture and to provide a market for the tool techniques and good of other. In 1966,also from Aligarh appeared yet another major study of tne sxobject in M. Athar All's excellent work on the nobility and their politics in the late seventeenth century. Athar Ali provided quantitative support to satish Chandra's study in these two studies, the problems attending the annexation of the Deccan State; the absorption of the Marathas and the Decanis into the i-iughal nobility, and the subsequent shortage of Jagir's home the pride of place. Irfan Habib,Potentialities of capitalistic development in the economy of Mughal India,Enquiry New series 1113, writer 1971, PP. 1-56. » M. /ithar rtli the i^iughal Mobility under Aurangzeb, Bcxnbay, 1966, reprint, 1970. The social, econcsnic and political development of India in the centxary and a half that lies between the accession of /^kbar and the death of Aurangzeb shows some remarkable characteristics. The Mughal court with its persianised rulers was a centre of cultural activity such 't Sarkar* Sri Ram Sharma. Beni Prasad ..Ishwari Prasad, R.C, Majximdar/ Butta Mahajan and Dr. Tarachand and among the younger historian in Mughal India Irfan Habeeb is Towering personolity he used economic tools towering personality he used economic tool to study . agarians form in Mughal India and Dr. Sateesh Chandra who dealt with the nobility. In 1963/ Irfan Habeeb from Aligar^ attempted on in depth analysis of the Collapse of the empire in his seminal work/ the ^granian system of Mughal India. .riccording to habib/ the mechanism of collection of revenues that the Hughals ev ved was inherently flawed . If on the one hand the imperial policy was to set the revenue at the highest rate possible so as to secure the greatest military strength of the empire. The nobler on the other, tended to squeeze the maximuro from their jagir-? even it ruined the peasantry and destroyed the revenue-paying capacity of the area for all time. The noble, whose jagirs were liable to be transferred frequently, could never follow a far sighted policy of agricultural development. In some areas the peasants were even deprived of their means of survival. By the late 1700 s the burden on the peasants thus/ became unbearable. In many areas* they took flight or teo refused to pay the revenue and were up in arms.'Ehe Mughal authority ;i as no North Indian court had been since the time of Bhoja/ the Parraara emperor of Dhar. Not only the emperors/ but the ladies of the royal household from ri\imayun's mother to Zebunissa* the famous daughter of rturangzeb, were patrons of art and letters* cultivated people interested in beautiful things* gardens* pain­ tings* carpets* fine buildings and in the encouragement of poets* scholars and thinkers. Akbar's generosity to scholars and his deep interest in religious and philo- sopical matters brought scholars from all parts of Asia to his court.
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