Index to Engravings in the Proceedings of the Society Of
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First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, Ad 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
The Antiquaries Journal, 96, 2016, pp 23–67 © The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2016 doi:10.1017⁄s0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD 872–3, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S14ET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO17EP, UK. Email: [email protected] This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary project that has revealed the location, extent and character of the winter camp of the Viking Great Army at Torksey, Lincolnshire, of AD 872–3. The camp lay within a naturally defended area of higher ground, partially surrounded by marshes and bordered by the River Trent on its western side. It is considerably larger than the Viking camp of 873–4 previously excavated at Repton, Derbyshire, and lacks the earthwork defences identified there. Several thousand individuals overwintered in the camp, including warriors, craftworkers and merchants. An exceptionally large and rich metalwork assemblage was deposited during the Great Army’s overwintering, and metal processing and trading was undertaken. There is no evidence for a pre-existing Anglo-Saxon trading site here; the site appears to have been chosen for its strategic location and its access to resources. In the wake of the overwintering, Torksey developed as an important Anglo-Saxon borough with a major wheel-thrown pottery industry and multiple churches and cemeteries. -
[LINCOLN. J PHI 364 [POST OFFICE Phillips ·W
[LINCOLN. J PHI 364 [POST OFFICE Phillips ·w. E. 38 BailgatP., Lincoln Probart T. Tetford, Horncastle Richardsbn J. Linwood road, Market Phillipson Rev. W. B.A. Bradley, Great Proctor W. London road, Spalding Rasen Grimsby Frost G. J .P. Sutton bridge, Wisbech Richardson J. ·west street, Alford Phillipson F. Wellowgate, Gt. Grimsby Pulford Mrs. St. Peter street, Stamford Richardson J. W. 11 George st. Louth Phi!lipson ,V. Bradley, Great Grimsby Pullan H. ,V. Epworth, Bawtry Richardson Mrs. Bag Enderhy, Horn- Phipp E. Commercial road, Grantham Pullan R. Epworth, Bawtry castle Pick W. Holbearh Pulleine S. Crosby, Brigg- Richard son Mrs. Bourn hill, Stamford Pickering -, Spalding Fen rd. Spalding Pulsford-Browne Rev. W. B.A. North Richard son Mrs. Kirton-in- Lindsey Pickering -, Twyford, Grantham Somercotes, Louth Richardson ~lrs. Linwuod road, Market Pickersgill Mrs. H alton road, Spilsby Purtas Mrs. South street, Alford Ra~en Pickford Rev. F. M.A., .r.P. Hagworth- Pycock Mrs. Crossstl'Cet, Gainsborough Richardson Mrs. 5 Portland pl. Lincoln ingbam, Spilsby Pye H. Westgate, Louth Richardson T. M. The Clitt~ Hibaldstow, PickworthJ.Billing-borough, Falkinghm Quickfall J. G. Waltham, Gt. Grimsby Kirton-in-Lindsev Pickworth Miss, Boston road, Sleaford Quilter Rev. G. M .A. Canwick, Lincoln Richardson \\'-. Canwick road, Lincoln Pidcock Mrs. Manthorpe rd. Grantham Rahy Rev. W. Minting, Horncastle Richardson ,V. Great Limber, Ulceby Piggott Miss, Church lane, Gainsboro' Radley W. H. Red Lion street, Boston Richardson W. 'fhe Hall, South Cocker· Pigott T. Yarborough cottage, Brigg Ragg-itt Mrs. Skirbcck quarter, Boston ington, Louth Pigott W. Bigby street, Brigg Rainbird H. Saxilby, Lincoln Richardson W. -
Christopher Michael Woolgar: "The Development of Accounts for Private Households in England to C,1500 A.D."
Christopher Michael Woolgar: "The development of accounts for private households in England to c,1500 A.D." A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Durham, 1986 Abstract The first written accounts for private households in England date from the late twelfth century. They probably derive from a system of accounting based on an oral report, supported by a minimum of documentation, and they were closely associated with a broad change in the method of provisioning households from a dependence on food farms to a network of supply based on purchase. The earliest private household accounts are daily or "diet" accounts, recording purchases alone. From the earliest examples, there is evidence of a "common form", which is adapted during the thirteenth century in the largest households to record consumption as well as purchases. In the fourteenth century in the largest households, probably preceded by developments in the English royal household and the monasteries, the diet account became a sophisticated instrument of domestic management. There is considerable variation in the account between households, the largest households having separate departmental and wardrobe accounts. To use the diet account for planning and budgetting, it was necessary to have a summary of its contents. From the 1320s and particularly in the late fourteenth and early fifteenth centuries, emphasis was placed on an annual cash, corn and stock account, similar in form to the manorial account, to be set beside the accounts of receivers general and valors to give an overview of the finances of the administration. In the smallest households there is little development in form. -
English Monks Suppression of the Monasteries
ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES ENGLISH MONKS and the SUPPRESSION OF THE MONASTERIES by GEOFFREY BAS KER VILLE M.A. (I) JONA THAN CAPE THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON FIRST PUBLISHED I937 JONATHAN CAPE LTD. JO BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON AND 91 WELLINGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN IN THE CITY OF OXFORD AT THE ALDEN PRESS PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON & CO. LTD. BOUND BY A. W. BAIN & CO. LTD. CONTENTS PREFACE 7 INTRODUCTION 9 I MONASTIC DUTIES AND ACTIVITIES I 9 II LAY INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 45 III ECCLESIASTICAL INTERFERENCE IN MONASTIC AFFAIRS 72 IV PRECEDENTS FOR SUPPRESSION I 308- I 534 96 V THE ROYAL VISITATION OF THE MONASTERIES 1535 120 VI SUPPRESSION OF THE SMALLER MONASTERIES AND THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE 1536-1537 144 VII FROM THE PILGRIMAGE OF GRACE TO THE FINAL SUPPRESSION 153 7- I 540 169 VIII NUNS 205 IX THE FRIARS 2 2 7 X THE FATE OF THE DISPOSSESSED RELIGIOUS 246 EPILOGUE 273 APPENDIX 293 INDEX 301 5 PREFACE THE four hundredth anniversary of the suppression of the English monasteries would seem a fit occasion on which to attempt a summary of the latest views on a thorny subject. This book cannot be expected to please everybody, and it makes no attempt to conciliate those who prefer sentiment to truth, or who allow their reading of historical events to be distorted by present-day controversies, whether ecclesiastical or political. In that respect it tries to live up to the dictum of Samuel Butler that 'he excels most who hits the golden mean most exactly in the middle'. -
Enclosure & Agricultural Improvement in North-West Lincolnshire from Circa 1600 to 1850
ENCLOSURE & AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT IN NORTH-WEST LINCOLNSHIRE FROM CIRCA 1600 TO 1850. Thomas M. Smith, MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy July 2012 i Abstract This study sets out to establish the link between enclosure and agricultural improvement in a group of parishes in north-west Lindsey, Lincolnshire between the sixteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century. In particular it emphasises the continuity of enclosure history through time, rather than concentrating only on the period of parliamentary enclosure as has often been the case in the past, and on links to agricultural improvement which include land reclamation, draining and warping. It shows that a simple explanation of enclosure in terms of driving up rents and allowing individual farmers to take their own farming decisions, fails to take into account the particular local circumstances of this area. Using a combination of enclosure documents and related material such as glebe terriers, land tax assessments, census materials, the 1801 agricultural returns and estate papers it sets out to show how agricultural improvement transformed both the landscape and the farming techniques in this area. In this process it covers a range of related topics including landownership, population, and the socio-economic structure of the villages of north-west Lindsey. It shows clearly that in this area enclosure is as much as anything associated with land drainage, and with improvements brought about by warping. These processes were interwoven, and separating enclosure out as a single movement underestimates the complexity of the farming arrangements required to ensure the most productive farming in this area. -
ART at the ARCHIVES Sense of the Word, Labours of Love
ART at the ARCHIVES sense of the word, labours of love. Art at the Archives Taken from letters, journals and dia- The repository boxes in Lincolnshire ries, this art was intended for private Archives hold many wonderful and expression rather than public show. These works are intimate, beautiful, beautiful documents. Sadly, many of these documents rarely see the light of sometimes whimsical and, occasion- ally, disturbing. day. This selection of these documents concentrates on original drawings and For many of the selected documents, paintings. The Archives also has nu- we have recommended further docu- merous etchings and prints of artistic ments that are related or similar in merit, but, by definition, these are more style and subject matter. We hope you widely available. There are numerous will be encouraged to explore the Ar- chives collections for yourself. hand drawn maps of considerable beauty, but they deserve a dedicated High resolution digital images of the selection of their own. selected documents can be found on The art works in this selection are the DVD-Rom that accompanies the drawn from official and private printed volume of Art at the Archives sources. There are works by profes- (available in the Search Room at Lin- sional artists ranging from bored colnshire Archives). Digital images of scribes to leading figures of the art es- many of the further recommendations tablishment. However, many of the are also on the DVD-Rom (indicated by works are by amateurs. However, they this symbol ◙ ). are “amateur” works in the original Unknown Scribe (14th Century) Detail from Folio 11 of Constitutions of Pope Clement V - Bardney Abbey Manu- script th (Ref: MON 7/52) 14 Century This Manuscript, known as the Constitu- tions of Pope Clement V (Constitutiones Clementae), is a collection of papal letters carrying authoritative decisions on matters of Church discipline, first issued in 1317. -
Lincolnshire
BLAXKNEY. LINCOLNSHIRE. ChaplinRt. Hon. HenryP.C.,M.P., n.L.,' Bavin Mary (Mrs.), farmer, Dales Hunt Benjamin, farmer J.P. Blankney hall; & 7 Carlton gar- Bavin Thomas, farmer, Fen Lill Robert, farmer, Fen dens; & Carlton, White's, Boodle's & Bott Henry, farmer [Letters received Lupton John, farmer St. Stephen's clubs s w & Turf club, through Navenby S.O] Overton Samuel, farmer, Heath London w Capel Benj.huntsman to Major Tempest Pearson Henry, farmer, !''en Stephens Rev. John Otter M.A. [rector], Cartwright Wm. (exors. of), frmrs. Fen Potterton John, boot & shoe maker Rectory Challens Richard, farmer, Fen Rossington James, farmer, .fen COMMERCIAL. Chambers John, farmer, Fen Sands William, farmer Fletcher William, farmer, Fen Sharp James, shopkeeper & postmaster Barton Joseph John, farmer,Barff house Gilbert John, stud groom to Rt. Hon. Swift John, farmer, Linwood [Letters LLetters received throughMethering- H. Chaplin P.c., M.P., D.L., J.P received through Martin J ham] Godson George, farmer, Fen BLOXHOLM (or BLOXHAM) is a parish 5 miles north of £I,ooo: in the church hang the Waterloo colours of the from Sleaford and 2 south-west from Dig by station on the 3oth (East Lancashire) regiment: there are 8o sittings. The Spalding and Doncaster joint extension of the Great Northern register dates from the year I7o8. The living is a rectory, and Great Eastern railways, in the North Kesteven division with the vicarage of Dig by annexed, joint gross yearly value of the county, wapentake of Flaxwell, parts of Kesteven, from tithe rent-charge £450, including 16 acres of glebe at Sleaford union, petty sessional division and county court Bloxholm, with residence, in the gift of Mrs.Hamilton-Ogilvy, district, rural deanery of Lafford No. -
Naughty Nuns and Promiscuous Monks: Monastic Sexual Misconduct in Late Medieval England
Naughty Nuns and Promiscuous Monks: Monastic Sexual Misconduct in Late Medieval England by Christian D. Knudsen A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of the Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto Copyright © by Christian D. Knudsen ABSTRACT Naughty Nuns and Promiscuous Monks: Monastic Sexual Misconduct in Late Medieval England Christian D. Knudsen Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto This dissertation examines monastic sexual misconduct in cloistered religious houses in the dioceses of Lincoln and Norwich between and . Traditionally, any study of English monasticism during the late Middle Ages entailed the chronicling of a slow decline and decay. Indeed, for nearly years, historiographical discourse surrounding the Dissolution of Monasteries (-) has emphasized its inevitability and presented late medieval monasticism as a lacklustre institution characterized by worsening standards, corruption and even sexual promiscuity. As a result, since the Dissolution, English monks and nuns have been constructed into naughty characters. My study, centred on the sources that led to this claim, episcopal visitation records, will demonstrate that it is an exaggeration due to the distortion in perspective allowed by the same sources, and a disregard for contextualisation and comparison between nuns and monks. In Chapter one, I discuss the development of the monastic ‘decline narrative’ in English historiography and how the theme of monastic lasciviousness came to be so strongly associated with it. Chapter two presents an overview of the historical background of late medieval English monasticism and my methodological approach to the sources. ii Abstract iii In Chapter three, I survey some of the broad characteristics of monastic sexual misconduct. -
The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales III, 1377-1540 Edited by David M
Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86508-1 - The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales III, 1377-1540 Edited by David M. Smith Frontmatter More information THE HEADS OF RELIGIOUS HOUSES ENGLAND AND WALES 1377–1540 This final volume of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales takes the lists of monastic superiors from 1377 to the dissolution of the monastic houses ending in 1540 and so concludes a reference work covering 600 years of monastic history. In addition to surviving monastic archives, record sources have also been provided by episcopal and papal registers, governmental archives, court records, and private, family and estate collections. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses (independent; dependencies; and alien priories); the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An intro- duction discusses the use and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based. david m. smith is Professor Emeritus, University of York. © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86508-1 - The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales III, 1377-1540 Edited by David M. Smith Frontmatter More information THE HEADS OF RELIGIOUS HOUSES ENGLAND AND WALES III 1377–1540 Edited by DAVID M. SMITH Professor Emeritus, University of York © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-86508-1 - The Heads of Religious Houses England and Wales III, 1377-1540 Edited by David M. -
Lincolnshire Remembrance User Guide for Submitting Information
How to… submit a war memorial record to 'Lincs to the Past' Lincolnshire Remembrance A guide to filling in the 'submit a memorial' form on Lincs to the Past Submit a memorial Please note, a * next to a box denotes that it needs to be completed in order for the form to be submitted. If you have any difficulties with the form, or have any questions about what to include that aren't answered in this guide please do contact the Lincolnshire Remembrance team on 01522 554959 or [email protected] Add a memorial to the map You can add a memorial to the map by clicking on it. Firstly you need to find its location by using the grab tool to move around the map, and the zoom in and out buttons. If you find that you have added it to the wrong area of the map you can move it by clicking again in the correct location. Memorial name * This information is needed to help us identify the memorial which is being recorded. Including a few words identifying what the memorial is, what it commemorates and a placename would be helpful. For example, 'Roll of Honour for the Men of Grasby WWI, All Saints church, Grasby'. Address * If a full address, including post code, is available, please enter it here. It should have a minimum of a street name: it needs to be enough information to help us identify approximately where a memorial is located, but you don’t need to include the full address. For example, you don’t need to tell us the County (as we know it will be Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire or North East Lincolnshire), and you don’t need to tell us the village, town or parish because they can be included in the boxes below. -
The Winter Camp of the Viking Great Army, Ad 872–3, Torksey, Lincolnshire
The Antiquaries Journal, 96, 2016, pp 23–67 © The Society of Antiquaries of London, 2016 doi:10.1017⁄s0003581516000718 THE WINTER CAMP OF THE VIKING GREAT ARMY, AD 872–3, TORKSEY, LINCOLNSHIRE Dawn M Hadley, FSA, and Julian D Richards, FSA, with contributions by Hannah Brown, Elizabeth Craig-Atkins, Diana Mahoney-Swales, Gareth Perry, Samantha Stein and Andrew Woods Dawn M Hadley, Department of Archaeology, University of Sheffield, Northgate House, West Street, Sheffield S14ET, UK. Email: d.m.hadley@sheffield.ac.uk Julian D Richards, Department of Archaeology, University of York, The King’s Manor, York YO17EP, UK. Email: [email protected] This paper presents the results of a multidisciplinary project that has revealed the location, extent and character of the winter camp of the Viking Great Army at Torksey, Lincolnshire, of AD 872–3. The camp lay within a naturally defended area of higher ground, partially surrounded by marshes and bordered by the River Trent on its western side. It is considerably larger than the Viking camp of 873–4 previously excavated at Repton, Derbyshire, and lacks the earthwork defences identified there. Several thousand individuals overwintered in the camp, including warriors, craftworkers and merchants. An exceptionally large and rich metalwork assemblage was deposited during the Great Army’s overwintering, and metal processing and trading was undertaken. There is no evidence for a pre-existing Anglo-Saxon trading site here; the site appears to have been chosen for its strategic location and its access to resources. In the wake of the overwintering, Torksey developed as an important Anglo-Saxon borough with a major wheel-thrown pottery industry and multiple churches and cemeteries.