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English Congregation CONTAINING THE JRise, <25rotDtf), anD Present ^tate of tfie ENGLISH CONGREGATION OF THE #rXrer uf ^t* Umtttitt, DRAWN FROM THE ARCHIVES OF THE HOUSES OF THE SAID CON­ GREGATION AT DOUAY IN FLANDERS, DIEULWART IN LORRAINE, PARIS IN FRANCE, AND LAMBSPRING IN GERMANY, WHERE ARE PRESERVED THE AUTHENTIC ACTS AND ORIGINAL DEEDS, ETC. AN: 1709. BY Dom IBcnnet melDon, i).%).TB. a monk of ^t.cJBDmunD's, Paris. STANBROOK, WORCESTER: THE ABBEY OF OUR LADY OF CONSOLATION. 1881. SFBSCEIISER'S COPY A CHRONICLE OF THE FROJVL THE RENEWING OF THEIR CONGREGATION IN THE DAYS OF QUEEN MARY, TO THE DEATH OF KING JAMES II BEING THE CHRONOLOGICAL NOTES OF DOM BENNET WELDON, O. S. B. Co C&e laig&t EetierenD illiam TBernarD C3Uatl)ome, D. D, ©. ^. 'B. TBifljop of TBirmingtam, Cfiis toorfe, Draton from tfje 3rc[)ii)es of Us a^onaflic &ome, anD note fira puiiltfljeD at Us requeft, is, toitb etierp feeling of eUeem ann reference, DetiicateD Dp Us lorDlijip's Ijumtile servant C&e (ZEDitor. ^t. ©regorp's Ipriorp, DotonfiDe, TBatt). jFeafl of %t TBeneDift, mDccclrrri. PEEFACB THE following work is offered to the public as a contribution to the history of the CathoUc Church in England during the seventeenth century. There ia, indeed, a good deal told us in it concerning the history of the Benedictines ia England before that period, but the chief value of these Chronological Notes con­ sists in the information which they contain on the reestahlishment of the English Benedictines under the first of the Stuarts, and the chief events in connection with their body down to the death of James IL TiU very recently the supply of works illustrative of the condition of the CathoUc Church in this country subsequent to the Eeformation has been extremely scanty. The CoUections of Dodd, the Memoirs of Missionary Priests hy Bishop ChaUoner, Mr. C. Butler's Hidorical Memoirs of English Catholics, the antidotal and Sup­ plementary Memoirs which Dr. Milner published on the same subject, and the vari­ ous writings of the late Dr. Oliver, were the best known, and indeed, almost the only works on our history accessible to the Catholic Student. But with the publication of the late Canon Tierney's edition of Dodd's Church history, a new era may be said to have commenced, and the interest excited hy his most valu­ able notes, consisting as they so often did of extracts from the almost forgotten manuscript treasures still in the possession of Catholics, has never since died out. To the influence of this newly-awakened spirit of enquiry and research we pro­ bably owe the publication of many able and interesting articles in the Rambler and other Catholic serial publications, of the Records of the English Province of the Socicfy of Jesiis, edited by the Eev. H. Foley, S. J., of Mrs. Hope's Francis- can Martyrs, and of several other works of the same kind. Simultaneously vrith this desire to promote a more general interest in the histor}' of our catholic fore­ fathers, there has arisen a wish for the reproduction and publication of the original records from which the works above enumerated drew their information. What the Calendar of State Papers and the numerous historical publications issued under the direction of the Master of the Rolls, have done for the general history of our country, has been done in some measure for Catholic history, by Mr. Lewis' translation of Sanders' History of the Schism and by the First and Second Douay Diaries edited by the Fathers of the London Oratory. These works, we cannot doubt, are an evidence of, as they are an answer to, the wish so often expressed, that we should have the opportunity of forming our own opinions on the thoughts and actions of our Catholic ancestors, and be enabled to enter more surely into their feelings and opinions on those internal disagree­ ments and troubles which, even more than the open persecution of which they were so often the vaUant victims, bore them down, and, to a great extent, neutra- Vl PREFACE. Used their noblest efforts. This wish is admirably summed up in a letter of the Very Rev. Father Knox, of the Oratory, which I may be pardoned for quoting here : " What is wanted just now, it seems to me, is original documents, printed just as they were written. They will form the material for future histories. But unless the documents are given themselves in their integrity, readers have no means of testing the views of historical writers ; and there are so many dis­ puted and debatable questions in om' Catholic history of the Post-reformation period that we need a full publication of the sources to be able to form correct judgments on these points." It is hoped that these Chronological Notes will, in some measure, help to supply this want, as they contain the only full and consecutive account that has j'et been pubUshed of the restoration and remodelling of the English Benedictine Congre­ gation, a not unimportant element in the English Catholic world of the seven­ teenth century. Of the history of that body in pre-reformation times much has been written. Its connexion with the conversion of our forefathers and the spread and deTslopment of the Anglo Saxon Church, necessarily attracts the attention of all students of the history of our country ; and when we consider that the labours and holiness of St. Augustine and his companions were per­ petuated (_)r renewed in an Aldhelm and a Boniface, a Bede aud an Aleuin, a Dunstan and an Anselm and many another saintly teacher and zealous pastor, we can understand the claim that the monastic order had on the reverence and love of Catholic England and the large part that the monks of old played in the civil and religious history of our country. Their widespread monasteries, theu- broad acres, their stately churches, bore witness to the piety of the faithful towards the benefactors of their race ; and the spell which in the Middle ages had such influence over men, was not unfelt in later days by many, who, though aliens from the Faith of their fathers, could not view unmoved the noble ruins of what that Faith had built up. And thus it is that we see in the works of Dugdale and Stevens, of Spelman and Willis in former times, and in our own days of many well known writers, (of one of whom, the Rev Mackenzie Walcot we have lately had to deplore the loss), an evidence of the lasting interest which the history of English Monasticism has for the student, the architect, and the antiquary. And it is matter for congratulation that the works of recent writers have almost without exception evidenced a thorough appreciation of the monas­ tic ideal and its beneficial influence upon society, notwithstanding that it had been customary for writers of a previous generation to bestow upon the ReUgious Orders a more than ordinary share of that rancour and bigotry with which every thing CathoUc was assailed. Of course it would be unreasonable to assert that the high standard which marked the most flourishing period of Benedictine history was uniformly main­ tained. The changing phases of society, the long continued civil wars, the ravages of those frightful pestUences which were the scourge of mediaeval Europe, aU combinded to interfere with the perpetuity of those sage reforms which the fourth Lateran Council (1215) had promulgated. Hence we are not surprised at finding that two hundred years after that date some further efforts were needed to restore the Order to its pristine vigour. In England the first step towards a reform was taken by King Henry Vth, who as we are told by Thomas PKEFACB. VII Walsingham (himself a monk of St. Alban's), summoned the Abbots and Pre­ lates of the Order of Black monks to meet him in the Abbey of Westminster. There accordingly, in 1421, sixty Abbots and Conventual Priors, and more than three hundred monks, learned men, and procurators of those Abbots who were unable to attend in person, assembled to meet the King, "whom certain false brethren had prejudiced against their Order by asserting that many both Abbots and monks, had fallen away from the primitive institution and observance of the Monastic State" and that a reform was urgently needed. The historian explains the disorders which had arisen by stating that the death of the greater number of the Abbots and senior monks in the great pestilences of 1407 aud 1413 had exposed the monasteries to the dangers which naturally followed from the accession to posts of office and dignity of those who were young and inexperienced. The King, then, accompanied by only four persons, one of whom was Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter, went to the Chapter House of Westminster Abbey where the representatives of the Benedictine body had assembled to meet him. After a discourse by the Bishop, the monarch earnestly addressed the monks reminding them of the piety of his ancestors and others in the foundation and support of so many religious, houses ; he exhorted them to rectify whatever abuses had of late crept in and to return to the former strictness which had of old made the Order so renowned, and repeatedly begged of all to pray unceas­ ingly for himself, his kingdom, and the Church.* Under the direction of the Abbot of St. Alban's, William Heyworth, a man " much admired for his great holiness and piety, beloved both of God and men for the strictness of his life and the excellency of his government,"! several articles of reform were drawn up which it was agreed should be submitted to the ensuing Provincial Chapter of the Congregation for approval and to the Apostolic See for final confirmation.
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