184 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
Independent Communications Authority of South Africa/ Onafhanklike Kommunikasie-owerheid van Suid-Afrika INDEPENDENT COMMUNICATIONS AUTHORITY OF SOUTH AFRICA
NOTICE 170 OF 2017
170 Independent Communications Authority of South Africa Act (13/2000) (“the ICASA Act”): Regulatory Framework for Community Broadcasting Services 40660
their their submit submit to to Authority Authority invitation invitation to to interested parties hereby hereby extends The The 1. 1. an an
the the Discussion Discussion of of the the representations representations Document. Document. Discussion Discussion A A written written copy copy on on
website website at at the the Authority's will will made made available be be Document Document on on
Authority's Authority's /www.icasa.org.za /www.icasa.org.za the the Katherine Katherine Library Library 164 164 and and / / No. No. http: http: at at in in
Sandton Sandton between 09h00 (Ground (Ground Pinmill Pinmill Block D), and and Street, Street, Farm, Farm, Floor at
Friday. Friday. Monday Monday to to 16h00, 16h00,
the the be be with with Written Written must must representations representations to Document Document regard regard Discussion Discussion 2. 2.
delivery delivery hand hand to to the Authority later submitted submitted than than 2017 2017 post, post, by by by May May 10 10 no no
for for attention: marked marked electronically electronically (in (in Microsoft Word) specifically specifically and and or or
Katherine Katherine Delivery Delivery address: address: Mamedupe Mamedupe Kgatshe. Pinmill Pinmill Farm, 164 Block Block A, A,
written written representations representations Sandton. Sandton. Where possible, should should also also be Street, Street, e- e-
facsimile: facsimile: by by sent sent to to communityreview2017 mailed mailed @icasa.org.za @icasa.org.za or or
directed directed Kgatshe; Kgatshe; between Mamedupe Mamedupe +27115663260. +27115663260. to to Enquiries Enquiries should be be
to to 16h00, 16h00, 10h00 10h00 Friday. Friday. Monday Monday and and
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 185
Authority Authority the the Written Written representation(s) to to this notice, received received by by 3. 3. pursuant pursuant
for for the the Authority's will will available interested inspection inspection made made be be by by at at persons persons
library library the of of of of obtainable these these will prescribed prescribed copies copies be be and and payment payment upon upon
the the Authority's of the the fee. fee. They will availed availed also also be be At At website. website. request on on a a
written written the this this submits submits representations notice, notice, who who pursuant pursuant to to person person
that that Authority Authority thereof determine determine such such representations representations portion is is or or may may any any
of of of treated treated confidential confidential the Where Where be be in in terms terms to to Act. Act. section section 4D 4D ICASA as as
confidentiality confidentiality the the the the the made made refused, refused, who who for for request request request is is person person
withdraw withdraw will will allowed allowed such such be be representations. representations. to to :As .
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 187
of of Table Table contents contents
INVITATION INVITATION SUBMISSIONS SUBMISSIONS WRITTEN WRITTEN TO TO MAKE 2 2
of of contents contents Table Table 4 4
Abbreviations Abbreviations 6 6
of of Figures Figures List List 7 7
of of Tables Tables List List 8 8
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION SECTION SECTION A: AND AND BACKGROUND 9 9
Introduction Introduction 1. 1. 9 9
of of the Aims Aims Document Discussion Discussion 1.1 1.1 9 9
the the Background Background of of community regulation regulation broadcasting broadcasting South Africa...10 into into 1.2 1.2 in in
for for the the review Rationale Rationale 1.3 1.3 10 10
1.4 1.4 The Broadcasting policy review 13 13 process process
Methodology Methodology Research Research 1.5 1.5 14 14
SECTION SECTION THE THE SOUTH B: B: COMMUNITY COMMUNITY BROADCASTING AFRICAN AFRICAN LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE 16 16
market market broadcasting broadcasting The The community community 2. 2. 16 16
Introduction Introduction 2.1 2.1 16 16
of of the community market market 2.2 2.2 The broadcasting South South Africa size size in in 16 16
of of Community Community advertising advertising broadcasting broadcasting share 2.3 2.3 spend spend 19 19
Community Community profile 2.4 2.4 Broadcasting Broadcasting Audience 21 21
of of markets markets broadcasting broadcasting 2.5 2.5 Economic profile served by by community community services services 27 27
community community Operational Operational broadcasting challenges challenges in in 3. 3. 30 30
Community Community 3.1 3.1 Radio Radio 30 30
Community Community television 3.2 3.2 33 33
for for Institutional Institutional community community 3.3 3.3 support support stations stations 36 36
3.4 3.4 Conclusion Conclusion 37 37
AND AND LEGISLATIVE SECTION SECTION PRINCIPLES FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK POLICY POLICY C: C: 39 39
Community Community Broadcasting Broadcasting Regulatory Framework 4 4 39 39
4.1 4.1 Underlying Principles Principles Policy Policy 39 39
of of community 4.2 4.2 broadcasting services services Scope Scope 41 41
of of 4.3 4.3 Geographically based based community community interest versus versus 44 44
Television Television 4.4 4.4 Community 45 45
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188 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
Licensing Licensing 5 5 50 50
registration registration 5.1 5.1 Class Class 50 50 process process
Spectrum Spectrum 5.2 5.2 Frequency Frequency Licence Licence Radio Radio 52 52
broadcasting broadcasting community community Moratorium Moratorium services services licensing licensing 5.3 5.3 53 53 on on
distribution distribution 5.4 5.4 Signal Signal costs costs 55 55
Enforcement Enforcement and and Monitoring Monitoring 6 6 56 56
Standard Standard Terms Conditions and and ..57 ..57 6.1 6.1
Regulations Regulations Procedure Procedure Manual Manual 6.2 6.2 Compliance 57 57
SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY BROADCASTING BROADCASTING STRATEGIES STRATEGIES COMMUNITY COMMUNITY SECTION SECTION D: D: 59 59
operational operational management management capacity capacity Governance, Governance, 7. 7. and and 59 59
Corporate Corporate Governance Governance 7.1 7.1 59 59
accountability accountability Community Community participation 7.2 7.2 and and 61 61
profit profit 62 62 7.3 7.3 status Non- Non-
Diversification Diversification Management Management Revenue Revenue Financial Financial and and 63 63 7.4 7.4
64 64 7.5 7.5 Management Agreements
Competency Competency Technical Technical 7.6 7.6 65 65
development/ development/ content content 7.7 7.7 Programming acquisition and and 65 65
building building Support Support Funding, Funding, Capacity 8. 8. and 67 67
Community Community Broadcasting Broadcasting 8.1 8.1 Funding Funding 68 68
Institutional Institutional Community Community Support Support Broadcasting Broadcasting 69 69 8.2 8.2
Conclusion Conclusion 72 72 9. 9.
References References 73 73
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 189
Abbreviations Abbreviations
Authority Authority Australian Australian Communications and and Media Media ACMA ACMA
Annual Annual General General Meeting AGM AGM
Products Products All All Media Media and Survey Survey AMPS AMPS
Authority Authority of Ireland Ireland The The Broadcasting BAI BAI
for for Aboriginal Aboriginal Broadcasting Broadcasting Remote Remote Scheme Scheme BRACS BRACS
Broadcasting Broadcasting of South Africa Council Council Research Research BRC BRC
amended amended of of The The Austrian Broadcasting Act Services Services 1992 110 110 BSA BSA No. as as
of of The The Canada Canada Radio Radio Fund Fund Community Community CRFC CRFC
-television -television Telecommunications Canadian Canadian Radio Radio and and CRTC CRTC Commission Commission
Culture, Culture, Media Media for for Sport Sport Department Department and and DCMS DCMS
of of Department Department Communications Communications DOC DOC
Terrestrial Terrestrial Digital Digital Television Television DTT DTT
Information Information Government Government Communication Communication System System and and GCIS GCIS
Network Network Electronic Electronic Communications Service Service ECNS ECNS
Invitation Invitation to to Apply ITA ITA
Standard Standard Living Living Measure Measure LSM LSM
Development Development Diversity Diversity Agency Agency and and MDDA MDDA Media
National National Electronic Institute Institute of South South Africa. NEMISA NEMISA Media Media
of of Communications Communications Ofcom Ofcom The Office
Broadcasting Broadcasting Services Public Public PBS PBS
Audience Audience Radio Radio Measurement Measurement Survey RAMS RAMS
African African Audience Foundation Foundation South South Research Research SAARF SAARF
Trinity Trinity Network Network Broadcasting Broadcasting TBN TBN
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190 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
List List Figures Figures of of
television television daily daily Community Community Figure Figure reach reach 18 18 1 1 average average
radio radio audiences Figure Figure Community Community 18 18 2 2
Advertising Advertising spend spend platform platform Figure Figure by by 19 19 3 3
Television Television audience profile profile Figure Figure 4 22 22
Community Community television profile profile Figure Figure audience 5 5 24 24
Community Community television Figure Figure audience share 24 24 6 6
Community Community provincial provincial breakdown Figure Figure sound sound sercice 7 7 28 28
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 191
of of List List Tables Tables
broadcasters broadcasters Table Table South Africa Licensed Licensed in in 17 17 1 1
of of Advertising Advertising Community Community (Share (Share Commercial Commercial Table Table Spend Spend Revenue: Revenue: 2 2 vs vs
Television) Television) 20 20
of of Advertising Advertising (Share (Share Commercial Table Table Radio)21 Radio)21 Spend Spend Community Community Revenue: Revenue: 3 3 vs vs
of of Table Table Television Television share share adspend adspend Community Community 4 4 22 22
rural rural audiences audiences Table Table Metro Metro Top Top 25 25 10 10 5 5 versus versus
Table Table Bottom Bottom rural rural Metro Metro audiences 26 26 10 10 6 6 versus versus
influencing influencing Table Table licensing Factors Factors 29 7 7 success success
community community television television operating Table Table model 48 48 8 8
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192 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION AND SECTION SECTION A: BACKGROUND BACKGROUND
Introduction Introduction 1. 1.
of of the the Aims Aims Discussion Discussion 1.1 1.1 Document Document
Authority Authority the the The The of of inquiry inquiry into the the existing community review review commencing commencing is is an an
regulatory regulatory broadcasting broadcasting of of the framework framework Independent Independent with with accordance accordance Section 4B 4B in in
"the "the Authority Authority of of "). "). Communications Communications of of South Africa Act 2000 2000 Act Act Prior Prior ICASA ICASA 13 13 No No ( (
Authority Authority to to the current undertook undertook inquiries into Community the the process, process,
Authority's Authority's articulated articulated the the Broadcasting Broadcasting Regulations Position Position Paper and and in in on on as as
of of Community Community Sound Sound Broadcasting published published (Gazette Review Review Policy Policy 2006 2006 in in No. No.
Community Community 28919) 28919) the the (Gazette (Gazette Position Position Paper Television published and and 2004 2004 in in on on
27036), 27036), related related and and regulations. regulations. No No
of of facilitate this this stakeholders stakeholders The The by by participation participation Document Document to to Discussion Discussion is is purpose purpose
of of the the Regulatory Regulatory Framework the the Broadcasting Review Review by by The The in in Community Community
Authority Authority Independent Independent South South "the "the Authority of of "). "). Communications Communications Africa Africa The ( (
structured structured form of the the explanatory Document Document questions questions supported by by Discussion Discussion is is in in
contextual contextual discussion. discussion. and and submitters submitters encompassing encompassing Questions Questions and and posed posed all are are
should should to to they provide provide additional information free free feel research research feel feel and and or or necessary necessary
their their to to substantiate five Document Document divided The The Discussion Discussion is is into into responses. responses.
sections. sections.
for for the the into into the rationale review review provides provides background provides Section Section and and A A
undertaking undertaking it,
market market profiles profiles the broadcasting broadcasting South South African Section Section and and community community its its B B
operational operational challenges;
the the framework framework underlying underlying examines examines the legislative Section Section licensing and and C C
of of community regulation regulation Africa; broadcasting broadcasting services services South in in
community community investigates investigates relation factors broadcasting broadcasting Section Section D D to to services services in in
sustainability, sustainability, including; this this impacting impacting sector's sector's and and management management governance; governance; on on
operational operational well well programming programming capacity; capacity; issues. issues. as as as
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 193
of of into into the the regulation community community broadcasting Background Background in in South 1.2 1.2
Africa Africa
history history of community the -democracy -democracy Africa Africa dates back media media The The South in in to to pre pre
of of emerged emerged lack lack and and
opportunities opportunities sector sector to to to main- This This era. era. response access access a a as as a a
the the media, media, which largely largely dominated by by at at time the the state broadcaster stream stream
was was - -
largely largely Its Its development development the the South South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). (SABC). was was
for for time time of of it it political political struggles the influenced influenced the voice voice became became by by and and a a
majority. majority. disenfranchised disenfranchised
broadcasting broadcasting only formalised Community Community with with the services services 1994 1994 in in were were new new
Authority Authority the the Independent Independent democratic democratic dispensation, (IBA) (IBA) Broadcasting Broadcasting when when issued issued
Authority Authority for for regulatory regulatory the subsequently subsequently finalised the policy policy licences. licences. The year year one one
first first framework framework for community various various completed radio radio phases. phases. The in in in in sector sector was was
20062. 20062. for for framework framework television television reviewed reviewed The The 19961 19961 and in in community community was was
20043. 20043. the the of separately separately promulgation into into effect only only developed developed With With and and in in came came
the the simpler simpler Act) Act) Electronic Electronic licensing class class of of Communications Communications Act, Act, 2005 (The 36 36 EC EC a a
for for facilitate facilitate implementation, the the introduced. introduced. radio radio community community To To process process was was
developed developed The also also Authority Authority and and various various regulations including Procedure Procedure Process Process
for for Regulations Regulations Class Class Licences4. regulations regulations subsequently subsequently amended These These and and were were
2015. 2015. 2010 2010 and and in in
for for the the review Rationale Rationale 1.3 1.3
Authority Authority initiated initiated this the the the following shortcomings The The address address has has in in to to process process
regulatory regulatory the community operational operational of of broadcasting and and environment environment sector. sector.
regulatory regulatory Disparate Disparate policies. policies. for for regulatory regulatory framework community community The The
radio radio community community television television mainly broadcasting broadcasting related contained contained and and in in is is
Community Community Broadcasting Broadcasting Services IBA, IBA, 1997, Position Position Paper Four -Year Licences Sound Sound The The 1 1 on on
Polity Polity Broadcasting Broadcasting 2006, 2006, Community Position Position 2 2 ICASA, Sound Sound Paper Paper
2004, 2004, Community Television Broadcasting Services Position Position ICASA, ICASA, 3 3 paper paper
for for Government Government Gazette of (amendments published published 2008 and and Procedure Regulations 397 397 4 4 ICASA, Process Licence, Class Class No No in in
published published Government of 2010) Gazette Gazette 33297 in in No No 10 10
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194 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
of of including including The position position Regulations Regulations Review Review Position Position Papers Papers and papers, papers, on on
Community Community (Government 2006 2006 published published Sound Sound Broadcasting Policy Policy in in
28919) 28919) the Community Gazette Gazette Television published Position Position Paper and and No. No. on on
27036). 27036). (Government (Government the developments developments 2004 2004 Gazette Gazette However, However, in in No in in
intermittent intermittent market market amendment amendment of the the promulgation resulted resulted have have and and in in
facilitate facilitate of of regulations regulations other this this operational operational requirements to to licensing licensing and and
sector. sector.
of of these these include; Examples Examples
for for published published The The Procedures Procedures Regulations Licences Licences Processes Processes and Class Class in in
(Government (Government 33297); 2010 2010 Gazette No. No.
for for of of community applications applications sound sound class class terms terms Moratorium Moratorium in in
applications applications and and for for for for frequency frequency spectrum broadcasting broadcasting service licensees licensees
broadcasting broadcasting published
community community providing providing service, service, 2015 2015 of of in in purposes purposes a a
39226); 39226); (Government (Government and and Gazette Gazette
of of the amendment amendment and and to to Regulations Regulations Procedures Procedures Notice Notice Processes Processes on on
for for (Government (Government Regulations Regulations 2016 Gazette published published Class Class Licences in in
39874). 39874).
thus thus consolidate consolidate need need streamline streamline regulations governing the to to There There and and is is a a
community community default default improve improve regulation order order broadcasting broadcasting to by by and and in in sector sector
this this operation operation sector. sector. in in
community community television licensing licensing The The of of the completion completion preceded preceded above above
for for Initially Initially Trinity Trinity regulatory regulatory framework community community television. mentioned mentioned only
former former the the prior Network Network Broadcasting Broadcasting (TBN) (TBN) licensed by Ciskei government government was was
of of the the establishment the continue granted granted permission It It to to to to IBA. IBA. was was
Authority, Authority, the the of the the the broadcasting broadcasting predecessor predecessor by by license license terms terms its its to to on on
Independent Independent Authority Authority (the (the of of community rest rest IBA) IBA) Broadcasting Broadcasting 1994 The The in in . . 1-b N
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 195
licenses'. licenses'. including including licensees licensees event event operated operated broadcasting broadcasting using using These These licensees,
formally formally only only Tshwane Tshwane and and 2007. 2007. Soweto Soweto licensed licensed TV, TV, Cape TV in in TV TV were were
for for that that the the framework community similar of community television television Broadly, Broadly, is is to to
the the similar similar higher regulated regulated radio radio However, given along along both both lines. and and are are
financial financial operational the television and and requirements, requirements, community sector may may
different different warrant warrant approach. approach. a a
registration registration license license class class The The used used to to community community broadcasting process process
unintended unintended services services has has had proliferation proliferation of including including consequences, consequences,
duplication, duplication, fragmentation fragmentation of adversely adversely affect services, services, audiences, audiences, which could could
sustainability sustainability the of of community In In order to broadcasting broadcasting sector. these these address address
the the Authority the the regulations, regulations, mentioned Specifically, Specifically, developed developed above. above. new new
for for Authority Authority the the 2015 2015 amended Regulations and and Procedures in in Processes Class
Licences°, Licences°, for for facilitate facilitate orderly orderly with with the intention licensing licensing to to more more process process a a
broadcasting broadcasting community community services. services.
for for for for amendments amendments applications applications window window These These make periods two two provision provision
broadcasting broadcasting community community with with only only service service which which done done licences licences be be
can can an an - -
Apply Apply licence9. licence9. for for Invitation Invitation Authority Authority spectrum spectrum to to (ITA) The The also also issued a a
for for moratorium moratorium community community applications applications broadcasting broadcasting services radio radio sound sound and and on on
band14. band14. It It for for this this spectrum spectrum to to address address congestion licences licences be be in in may may necessary necessary
Authority Authority the the examine into the the consolidate consolidate these single legal legal basis basis and to to to a a
framework. framework. This This turn turn facilitate orderly orderly strategic to to will will licensing approach is is an an
broadcasting broadcasting licensing licensing community community services. services.
Community Community Television November November 2004. Broadcasting Broadcasting Services Position Paper. Paper. 30
for for the the Government Gazette of of amendment Regulations Regulations Regulations Notice Notice Processes Processes and Procedures Licences, Class Class to to on on
Government Government of of 2016. Notice Notice 157 157
for for the the Government of of amendment Regulations Regulations Gazette Notice Notice to Procedures Regulations Processes Processes and Licences, Class Class on on
Government Government of of 2016. Notice Notice 157 157
for for of of moratorium of community community applications applications terms terms applications broadcasting service Notice Notice sound sound licensees and class class In In
for for broadcasting broadcasting service, Government Gazette 39226, Government of of providing community community spectrum spectrum purposes purposes ency ency a a
of of 2015. 8 8 12 12
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196 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
operational operational deficiencies deficiencies Governance Governance and this this sector to to which which arise in in appear appear
of of from from strategies strategies capacity, capacity, resourcing resourcing mechanisms concerted concerted lack lack and and support support
It It for for for for might might the the Authority community community broadcasting broadcasting services. services. be be to to necessary necessary
regulatory regulatory strengthen strengthen consider consider additional mechanisms to to corporate governance governance
the the community community practices practices and and in management management sector. sector.
sustainability sustainability Financial Financial the the of of deficiencies deficiencies above above characterized characterized by by and and is is is is one one
overreliance overreliance advertising This This funding funding necessitates necessitates sustainable and and on on revenue. revenue.
the the diversification diversification strategies term this sector. sector. the by by However, long long in in revenue revenue
warrant warrant alternative alternative of funding funding revision revision of policy to also also avail avail and and may may sources sources a a
for for streamline streamline community community coordinate coordinate broadcasting broadcasting mechanisms mechanisms and and support support to to
services. services.
review review Broadcasting Broadcasting policy 1.4 1.4 The The process process
It It that that the the of result result anticipated anticipated the regulations, outcome outcome review review consolidated will will in in is is
for for framework framework the the community operational operational guidelines reviewed reviewed licensing and and
/or /or that that identify identify might might the the broadcasting broadcasting policy policy possible possible also also and and It It sector. sector. review is is
Authority, Authority, In In legislative legislative with with Constitutional instance instance the challenges. challenges. line line such such its its in in
interest interest adopt adopt the make make public public will will and and mandate11, mandate11, Act12 Act12 4(3) 4(3) (a) (a) of to to section section ICASA ICASA
Authority Authority this this the the recommendations recommendations the to to mandate Minister. Minister. According is is to to
to: to: empowered empowered
conduct conduct matter matter the the with with the the objects inquiries inquiries into of of regard regard to Act ICASA ICASA or or any any
the the underlying statutes; statutes; 13 13
affecting affecting broadcasting, electronic transactions, conduct conduct research research all all matters matters on on
order order electronic electronic communications postal postal and and and and to to sectors sectors exercise its in in powers powers
duties; duties; perform perform its its 14 14
Independent Independent of Authority Authority to the the Communications of 2000. promote the the public Section Section of South Africa Act No.13 seeking In In 2 2 11 11
of of the broadcasting broadcasting interest interest Authority Authority the the community objects objects enunciated sector sector the guided section the the and and by by also also 2 In In ECA In In Is Is
of of the Broadcasting Broadcasting Act. Act. SeCtion SeCtion 2 2
of of Independent Independent Communications Authority of of South Africa Act No.13 12 12 2000 2000
of of the the !CASA !CASA Section Section 4B Act. 13 13
4(3)(h) 4(3)(h) of of the Section Section ICASA ICASA Act 14 14 13 13
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197 of community the and on A and Research statutes to broadcasting on and following sets statutes based Minister) considered postal mechanisms licensing No. 40660 following underlying the revenue, Audience and transactions, of underlying (the on community services; analysis regulatory, conducted jurisdictions. input the Communications support and services; the African stakeholders using the market and broadcasting situational electronic for and research institutional the South Act broadcasting conducted international support Act broadcasting ICASA of seeking of (including ICASA broadcasting, a The terms for 2017 3 MAART providing Minister the institutional was models sector, quo. community in the sectors.15 is to in applied review community Authority databases amendments of status the practice operational study the objects the Methodology to framework the and communications of in sector's by the recommendations research /definition development best the underlying the research building faced that and and of issues. to This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za broadcasting international enforcement context analysis funding matters Research accords desktop challenges scope Capacity industry services research related electronic promote this The The methods. An policy which make A in policy is The 1.5 It STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
198 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
information information financial financial Foundation Foundation Nielsen) licensees' well well (SAARF) (SAARF) and AC AC as as as as
from from internal monitoring ICASA ICASA reports. reports. obtained obtained 16 16
with with Stakeholder Stakeholder broadcasters, broadcasters, academia, associations interviews interviews community
the the interviews interviews mentioned mentioned advocacy advocacy bodies. above based based These These and and were were on on
the the the the obtaining obtaining stakeholders views focused focused research, research, and and desktop desktop on on on on
framework framework operational operational mechanisms mechanisms challenges challenges addressing addressing and and of of issues issues and
the the desktop identified identified research. research. in in
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 199
COMMUNITY COMMUNITY BROADCASTING LANDSCAPE SECTION SECTION THE AFRICAN AFRICAN SOUTH SOUTH B: B:
community community market market broadcasting broadcasting The The 2. 2.
Introduction Introduction 2.1 2.1
Authority Authority order order the community the effectively effectively regulate regulate broadcasting broadcasting sector, In In to to
that that the the factors contributes contributes comprehensive comprehensive of this sector have have needs needs and and to to view view a a
the the Conventionally Conventionally broadcasting broadcasting these considered considered in in to to its sector in in are are success. success.
of of advertising advertising reach, reach, audience share share and and relation relation to broadcasting service's service's size size
this this therefore therefore the relation relation sector, sector, in in community community to to This This section considers revenue. revenue.
diversity diversity developmental developmental and and that that fact fact but but takes takes into the this sector account account also also has has a a
mandate. mandate.
market market broadcasting broadcasting Africa South South in in of of the the community 2.2 2.2 The The size
community community (275 (275 broadcasting broadcasting There There services services 280 280 sound sound currently currently community community are are
According According Nielsen Nielsen and All Media Media and community community television television services). to to and and AC AC 5 5
collectively collectively take broadcasting broadcasting community community Survey Survey data, data, services Products Products (AMPS) (AMPS) up up
South South of of not not this this million million audience audience share 6.3 6.3 Africa. However, people people has has in in an an
for for translated translated Community into into advertising necessarily necessarily example TV TV has a a revenue, revenue,
Likewise, Likewise, advertising advertising of than only only yield %. spend spend less less %17 %17 1 1 but but 9.5 9.5 reach reach an an
of of the of but but the the population population only 2% receives receives 25 25 %18 %18 Community Community radio radio reaches reaches
advertising advertising spend. spend.
Africa Africa South South 2.2.1 2.2.1 Licensed Licensed Broadcasting services in in
public, public, commercial and and three three tiers of broadcasting, broadcasting, namely, The The recognizes EC EC Act Act
that that the the number of table table broadcasting. broadcasting. summarised services services below below The The community community
South South Africa. licensed licensed in in are are G N D 3 v tn N 01
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200 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
9 9 9 9
27 27
17 17 15 15 2 2
280 280
333 333 315 315 18 18
Africa Africa broadcasters broadcasters South South Licensed Licensed Table Table in in 1 1
currently currently broadcasting broadcasting there there community stated stated services, services, above, above, 280 As As are are
community community television television namely services, services, and and 5 5 of of community comprising comprising 275 275 sound sound
Broadcasting Broadcasting Network (TBN). (TBN). Trinity Trinity Soweto Soweto Tshwane and and TV, TV, Cape TV, 1KZN TV TV TV, TV,
their their the the bouquet bouquet well well Community Community television broadcast broadcast DStv DStv services services on on as as as are are on on
regional regional terrestrial terrestrial In In addition to regions regions these services licensed licensed also. also. new new a a
October October and and started started (Gauteng) (Gauteng) broadcasting broadcasting 2016, channel, channel, DStv, TV TV in in GAUTV GAUTV on on
the the
that that there there estimated estimated Internet. stations stations only broadcast radio radio 31 31 on on are are an an
Community Community Broadcasting Broadcasting audiences 2.2.3 2.2.3
of of popularity popularity community community indicator indicator of of numbers numbers Audiences Audiences and and reach are are an an
broadcasting broadcasting services. services.
audiences audiences Community Community Television broadcasting
from from 91.5 total total Comparatively, Comparatively, penetration 76.5% television television 2000 2000 to increased increased its its in in
recorded recorded be be 2015.19 2015.19 91.8% 91.8% then then growth to 2012, 2012, since since slowed and has has in in in was was
indicated indicated varying varying Comparatively, Comparatively, community television broadcasting broadcasting services
the the of of five five trends. trends. indicating indicating audience audience depicted This This audience below below reach reach is is
Africa.20 Africa.20 that that television television indicates indicates Soweto Soweto South South This This licensees licensees TV TV community community in in grew grew
until until but then. then. Similarly, steady steady decline
audience audience since since Cape Cape TV has has in in 2012, 2012, seen seen a a
other other 2012/13 2012/13 the the following growth growth but but audience audience shown shown The has has lost lost in in in in years. years.
increasing increasing audience. audience. be be in in
still still relatively but to to channels channels appear appear new, new, are are
2015AB19 2015AB19 1997 1997 19 19 AMPS AMPS - -
within within the
of of achieved assumed assumed be be be
It It majority majority not not the provide provide to provincial provincial however, possible possible to reach reach 20 20 Is Is summary; summary; can can a a
platform. platform. portion portion national national viewing via broadcast broadcast province. small the the be be allocated to A A DSTV DSTV can can 17 17
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 201 of market to reaching grew reported terms
Radio
4 4 ti ti potential No. 40660 consistently in Community is market -Dec radio Jan a -2016 is 2014), radio there years, below 2010 community in that TAMS 5 91.5% figure past indicates Source: the audiences to the the 2017 3 MAART 2000 in over in indicated This reach increase in penetration 2015. 92.2% average broadcasting forward. As an in daily (from reach.
25.3%
been going w' w' high television
decline and
has This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Sound radio i i its to numbers 1997 There maintained Community slight community Community in %. a audience 8% 90 Despite 1 Figure have from over for STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
et et to to ' ' -t -t J J
I" I" O O tOn tOn
068 47,996,137
37,096,458 38,542,973 542
to to ui
Ad -
spend
7 7
519,142,7942,190 998 1
O O Total O
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 205
Advertising Advertising of of 2015 2015 in in Share Share INDEX Reach Reach Reach %/a %/a
'000 '000 Spend Spend Spend
48.7% 48.7% 43.4% 43.4% 085 085 008 008 983 DSTV DSTV 112 191 191 15 15 11 11 R R
81.8% 81.8% 16.3% 16.3% 672 672 076 843 621 621 SABC SABC 28 28 20 20 3 3 1 1 R
70.7% 70.7% 458 458 726 14.4% E-TV E-TV 251 251 24 721 20 20 3 3 R R
77.6% 77.6% 11.3% 11.3% 828 828 200 550 550 128 SABC SABC 2 27 27 15 15 2 2 R R
9.2% 9.2% 59.6% 834 834 074 074 872 784 3 3 20 20 SABC SABC 15 15 2 2 R R
0.1% 0.1% 7.9% Soweto Soweto
876 876 360 761 761 TV TV 33 2 2 2 R R
1.6% 1.6% Tshwane Tshwane Data Data 551 TV TV No No
irm irm
2.2% 2.2% KZNTV KZNTV 783
1.4% 1.4% 489 489 Bay Bay TV TV
(Cape (Cape 0.8% 0.8% C7V C7V Town 295 295
TV) TV)
100.0% 100.0% 347.1% Total Total 22 22 591 198 896 34 969 R R
Duplication Duplication Note: Note: o o
viewers viewers
of of ad ad spend Community Community 2016 Source: Source: Television Television share ACNielsen ACNielsen Adex, Table Table BRC BRC RAMS 4 4
All All +Q2) +Q2) Respondents Respondents (Q1 (Q1
attributed attributed the profile/ quality of the to to largely largely channels' channels' This This audience be be can can as as can
other other of of factors factors comparison comparison audience audience profiles below. However, by by also also be be seen seen a a
contribute contribute to the the individual channels' success. success. i N Ó O Ó O
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206 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
the the advertising advertising derived derived highest 008 008 085 983 2015. DSTV DSTV As As 11 11 in in R R revenue, revenue,
indicated indicated targets targets the the the only broadcaster middle middle to above above and and DSTV DSTV is is LSMs LSMs upper upper
to to deliver significant significant this numbers. numbers. However, However, and and also also LSM10 LSM10 in be be LSM9 LSM9 can can
that that attributed attributed
ability ability to them them individual to to its its its its channels and and sell unit unit group group as as an
the the advertising advertising individual smaller them them viable viable makes makes channels The The option. option. DSTV DSTV on on a a
platform platform investment they advertising advertising probably probably only receive receive would would if if not not any any were were
individual individual channels. channels. sold sold as as
third third At At of of advertising the the 458 458 largest 726 726 spend. This This 251 251 in in is is R R 3 e.tv e.tv terms terms can can
large large also also be attributed attributed of of proportion proportion to to falls falls between its its audiences, which LSMs LSMs 5 5 a a
and and 7. 7.
for for with with In In line its its public broadcasting mandate channels, channels, besides besides 3, 3, SABC SABC SABC
for for of of wide wide audiences, audiences, the the caters caters exception exception all all ISMS. SABC SABC is is in in 3 3 range range across across a a an an
that that the the focuses focuses it it with with programming programming offering. its its This This LSMs LSMs upper upper more more sense sense on on
deliver deliver the largest advertising advertising channel channel enables enables good it it to to in in SABC SABC is 1 1 a a revenue. revenue.
the the largest largest individual individual South South Africa and and at at advertising advertising 672 672 076 receives receives spend, 3 3 R R
It It the the lower lower to middle delivers these large large 843. 843. audiences focuses focuses and and in in LSMs LSMs on on
of of (82% (82% of 75% 75% numbers numbers viewers viewers watch South African adults all all TV and SABC SABC 1 1
It It
similar similar profile profile watch watch SABC1). SABC1). has has ad ad SABC SABC SABC 1. 1. 2 2 LSM LSM to to generates an an a a
of of slightly higher the the (78% with with delivery 828 828 200 550 550 in in LSMs 2 2 R R revenue revenue a a upper upper
of of multiple of of the viewers, viewers, 71% channel channel TV TV SA SA It It that that targets targets adults). adults). sectors sectors of is is a a
population population with its its
multiple multiple it programming programming while while appealing to groups groups sees sees so so a a
level. level. variation variation investment at at in in program program a a
of of the the the the television middle majority majority community community In In comparison, stations service service LSMs LSMs
-7). -7). the largest This This (LSM (LSM market market fastest fastest growing growing sector sector Africa, South South and and is is in in 5 5 so so
for for it it for for the there there potential potential the the commercial commercial However, However, key key focus also also big big is is is revenue. revenue.
of of competition. stations, stations, resulting depicted depicted below. high high level This This in in is is a a
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 207 a o NJ w 0 V % rv o w o e o
G K 4-,
5 5 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015) 2015) Total Total Community Six Six Months Audience Audience Profile Source: Figure Figure Jun Jun L______TV TV AMPS AMPS (Jan
- -
slight slight variations the the profile profile however however There There reflected which which audience audience also also in in in are are are are
advertising advertising community community television generated generated stations. stations. indicated by by As As in revenue revenue
of of the figure figure community television delivers delivers below, below, channels, channels, only all all 6 6 Soweto Soweto TV TV a a
significant significant of of consideration national national advertisers. audience audience to size size be be Local to to
footprints footprints attractive. marketers marketers retailers retailers find the smaller, relevant would would and and more more
they they contribute contribute not not limited limited However, However, have have budgets large spend. able able will will be be to to so so i 1 tD I I i EN
f
Months Months audience audience share Figure Figure (Jan 2015 2015 Six 2015 2015 2015) Community Community television Source: Source: Jun 6 6 AMPS - -
of of 2.4.2 2.4.2 Community Community Profile Profile Audience Radio Radio
the the the with with of widely widely medium medium population listening accessible accessible Radio Radio to to 91% 91% most most is is
of of 84.9% 84.9% commercial commercial adults adults listen week. week. South South station station African African to in in or or more more one one a a a a
the the (PBS) (PBS) station. station. to public public broadcasting services services According 2016 2016 RAMS RAMS BRC BRC or or
of of the +Q2) +Q2) Community 16.7% population. population. Respondents Respondents reaches (Q1 (Q1 Radio All All
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208 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
that that there there the Further Further terms of weekly almost difference difference profiles audiences, audiences, is is in in in no no
listeners.22 listeners.22 Community Community of of Adults, Total Commercial Commercial radio radio /PBS /PBS Radio, Radio, and and
for for terms terms the community there there advertising advertising stations stations In In of audience audience spend spend and and is is a a
that that of of the the the the relationship relationship of of between between audience audience size size and and amount amount money money
the the the the marketers marketers to to relationship station. station. prepared prepared considering considering spend spend When are are on on
the the of advertising advertising between between audience and and size size
amount amount station station receives, receives, revenue revenue one one a a
correlation correlation the the tables below). below). would would between between (see (see and 5 5 to to two expect expect 6 6 see see a a
of of Stations Stations # # Small Rural Total Total Metro
Audienc Audienc
e e
Audienc Audienc
Audienc Audienc Audienc Audienc %Ro %Ro i %Ro
(000) (000) (000) (000) (000) w w w w e e e e e
91.4 91.4 8.6 8.6 456 456 417 39 39 GT GT Jozi FM FM 1 1
Tygerberg Tygerberg 104 104 Radio Radio 236 2 2 WC WC FM FM 97.5 97.5 2.5 2.5 230 230 i 6
Zibonele Zibonele 3 3 Radio Radio WC WC 92.9 92.9 7.1 7.1 228 228 212 16 16
97.1 97.1 GT GT Kasie FM FM 95.5 95.5 4.5 4 4 144 144 151 151 7 7
Thetha Thetha 5 5 81.4 81.4 18.6 18.6 100.6 100.6 GT GT 177 144 33 33 FM FM
of of Ternbisa Ternbisa Voice Voice 142 142 100 GT GT 142 6 6 0 0 FM FM
of of the Voice Voice 100 100 7 7 Cape 122 122 WC WC 0 0 0
Community Community
Moretele Moretele 106.6 106.6 112 112 72 43 Radio Radio 28 155 155 NW NW B B Í 1
FM FM
Star Star 89.4 102.9 102.9 10.6 10.6 124 124 111 NW NW 13 13 9 9 FM FM
97.9 97.9 107.5 107.5 2.1 112 112 110 WC WC 2 2 CCFM CCFM 1 1
0 0
rural rural Table Table 5 5 All 2016 2016 audiences audiences Source: 10 10 Metro ACNielsen ACNielsen Adex, (Q14-Q2) Top Top RAMS RAMS BRC BRC versu versu
w Respondents Respondents
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 209
Stations Stations Rural
Audienc Audienc Audienc %Ro Audienc %Ro
(000) (000) (000) (000) (000)
w w w w e e
Mala Mala 95 95 101 101 LP LP FM FM
98.3/93.8 98.3/93.8 Alfred Alfred Radio Radio Community Community 93.2 93.2 6.8 6.8 136 136 127 127 61 61 Nzo Nzo EC EC
FM FM
91.4 91.4 82 82
Community Community 90.5 90.5 9.5 9.5 Moletsi Moletsi 67 Media Media 74 63 63 LP LP
131 131
Radio Radio (GCR) Community Community 4 4 Giyani Giyani 94 94 90 96 65 65 LP LP
5.1 5.1 61 61
Inkonjane Inkonjane 97.5 97.5 100.5 100.5 2.5 122 122 125 125 67 67 EC EC FM FM
Modiri Modiri 96 96 NW NW 65 4 FM FM
Nkomazi Nkomazi 80 80 100 69 69 0 0 MP MP FM BO BO
rural rural +Q2) +Q2) 2016 2016 audiences audiences ACNielsen ACNielsen Adex, Table Table (Q1 (Q1 RAMS RAMS Bottom Bottom Metro Metro Source: 10 10 6 6 BRC BRC versus versus
All All Respondents Respondents
extent, extent, of the community community this this the the with stations to to certain top ten radio radio For For is is 5 5 case case a a
for for the the advertising advertising being being ranked spend. spend. stations stations top top ten receiving Jozi Jozi is is FM FM among among
for for highly highly number advertising both both audience ranked ranked and and competitive competitive station, 1 1 a a
that that including including large large enough spend. spend. schedules reach reach justify justify Its Its target target most most to to in in is is on on
market. market. the the Gauteng Gauteng
that that the the the the there there do do fit fit of of not not the the stations pattern exceptions. exceptions. However, However, One One is is are are
number number advertising advertising ranked ranked audience, audience, which ranked second second Unitra Unitra in in 10 10 in is is FM, FM,
5th 5th station, station, but only only Vukani Vukani ranked ranked audience, spend. spend. Eastern Eastern Cape Cape is is in in FM, FM, an an
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za of of refer services profile and sound population - State, in receives ascribed stations no Kwazulu sustainability viability 5th and primary markets commercial Free economic ranked professionalism radio generally be broadcasting Gauteng, economic high Cape, can of community Secondary is concept This exhibit the the hand, Eastern of Gauteng urbanization. determining 63). consider provinces. viability considering of The to other community (ranked the markets. lack defined is, Cape.23 services. services. economic that about to reliability, the other useful of in listeners in markets, are Northern levels primary on exposure consideration applied to by broadcasting these markets FM, consider be compared poor served high may 000 of considered primary Alex and be of of and location
It 44
Primary lack also to perceptions * West markets
important services.
O O rate
has as developed 87). community M- M- the including can spend, North only unemployment the are of (ranked services. but of outside 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT to broadcasting Cape but an Mpumalanga, planners, advertising profile was services, attributed things, by audiences. revenue, is This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Western 031 served viability market sound situated Economic of R247 low media broadcasting number be the community community markets advertising consistent secondary a and Economic Limpopo, those can receives of density, among Natal more This a 2.5 of to to No. 40660 210
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 211
Community Community Breakdown Breakdown Providers Providers Provincial Sound Sound Service Service
Off Off Operational Operational Air Air Licence Licence No No
44 44
32 32 31 31
30 30 29
24 24
20 20
16 16
210 210
8 8
6 6
a a
l l
3 3 3
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I 1 1 1
Limp Limp FS/NW FS/NW WC WC NC NC GP GP KZN EC EC FS FS NW NW Nip Nip
I L
Internal Internal provincial provincial community community Reports/ Reports/ sound sound services breakdown Source: Figure Figure 7 database ICASA ICASA
of of operational operational licensed licensed Measured Measured community community terms terms there there sound sound licensees, in in versus versus
failure failure the the the market market primary 8% 8% rate rate secondary secondary 10% 10% compared in in in is is to to as as
of of markets. markets. markets for for of of primary primary In In terms approximate 18.5% accounts accounts
KZN KZN - -
for for markets, markets, stations. stations. In failed failed secondary secondary Limpopo Limpopo accounts %, %, %, %, Eastern 26 26 Cape Cape 14 14
failure failure Northern Northern rate. rate. Cape Cape has and and zero zero a a
(Primary (Primary Secondary Secondary Profile Profile 2.5.2 2.5.2 Markets) Markets) Economic Economic vs vs
of of the community contributing contributing the the to to broadcasting broadcasting Factors Factors sector sector success success more more are are
from from complex. complex. derives
of of number number interaction interaction factors, the the of of including including Success Success an an a a
of of the profile profile serviced serviced (primary (primary community community broadcasting broadcasting economic economic services services by by areas areas
markets), markets), of (geographic (geographic secondary secondary licence licence community community category category versus versus versus versus
format format talk talk (whether (whether interests), interests), predominantly predominantly music) music) services services audiences audiences and and or or
(whether (whether youth, youth, religious religious serviced serviced etc.). etc.). illustrated illustrated the the table This This below, below, in in is is
sampling sampling and and for for community influencing influencing factors rate rate broadcasting sound sound success success
services services provincially.
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212 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
LICENSING LICENSING
(most (most Diverse Diverse licensed licensed Gauteng Gauteng stations stations
lucrative) lucrative) of of geographic geographic overlap overlap licensees licensees No No coverage coverage
KZN KZN
Western Western to to district; district; Cape Cape Metropolitan Metropolitan the the Town Town 4 4 licensees Cape Cape has has 5 5 per per
highest highest
concentration, concentration, stations but but overlap overlap coverage coverage are are
the the distinguished distinguished served. served. by by Interest Interest group group
the the Central Central licensees licensees in in Karoo No No
lower lower Alfred Alfred Chris Chris have have and and Sara
Eastern Eastern districts districts Cape Cape Baartman Baartman Hani Hani Nzo, Nzo, a a
number number of of licensees licensees
district district failure failure duplication duplication of of 50% Tambo Tambo due due has has OR OR to to rate rate a a
with with licensed licensed (a (a within within station station the the 2 2 coverage coverage same same areas areas new new
stations stations -serving the profile established established audience) same same
Religious Religious concentrated metros metros (Buffalo services services City City in in has has 2 2
of of within religious religious overlapping overlapping community community interest an an
communi communi not not hic hic hic does does have NMB NMB area area eo eo ra eo eo ra a a
talk talk format (e.g. (e.g. the the the the have have bias State State 3:1 3:1 Free Free Stations Stations province province in in in in a a
the the
Limpopo Limpopo talk talk format Stations Stations province province in in bias bias have have a a
(only (only community community of geographic geographic Mostly Mostly Falling Falling stations stations 1 1 are are
Waterberg) Waterberg)
identical identical of of offer stations stations the the failed the Vhembe region in in 2 2
Mpumalanga Mpumalanga districts districts evenly evenly dispersed dispersed Stations Stations across across
Northern Northern differentiation differentiation overlap- overlap- Cape Cape there distinguished where where by by Low Low in in is is
format- format- programming programming population population density low low
Databases24 Databases24 Int Int
influencing influencing licensing Source: Source: ICASA ICASA rn rn success success
community community the broadcaster's broadcaster's licensee specific data gazetted list of lower licensees licensees March 2016, 24 24 The based based power power on on on on s s
that that that that
broadcaster broadcaster excluded, excluded, licensees overlap have have license
two two provinces excluded. Discrepancies expected are are are are are as as a a
of of limitations; limitations; not not current. the the data time constraints; the Authority to unavailable unavailable records data data able able Regardless Regardless and and is is was was
tier. tier. community community undertake undertake its of broadcasting broadcasting analysis analysis the research research and and
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 213
community community Operational Operational challenges broadcasting in in 3. 3.
community community generally generally operational broadcasting broadcasting sector experienced experienced The The and and has has
sustainability sustainability of persist persist inception inception these challenges challenges challenges 1994. 1994. since since its Many Many in in
despite despite implemented by by agencies agencies and and support support government numerous numerous measures measures
industry industry there Although Although exceptions, exceptions, capacity, financial bodies. bodies. some some governance, are are
sustainability sustainability prevalent prevalent the the of community compliance compliance challenges and and majority majority in in are are
stations. stations.
the the of community Although Although principles principles broadcasting apply equally both both radio should should to to
the the the there there slight slight television television differences differences of challenges challenges experiences and and in in nature nature are are
two two thus thus separately these these the by by sectors. They considered below. below. sections sections in in are are
Community Community Radio Radio 3.1 3.1
3.1.1 3.1.1 Corporate Corporate Governance Governance
major major challenge challenge radio. This takes The The is is community community corporate corporate in in governance governance many many a a
but but attributed of forms forms mainly technical technical and and tack tack be be to to management capacity capacity can can as as
for for often often finds well well and and community community contestation contestation expression expression in in resources, resources, as as
include; include; compliance compliance challenges. Examples Examples
of of stations' Disregard Disregard mandate, founding principles, community community participation
of of Constitutions, Constitutions, regulations conditions conditions license; license; and and 30 30
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214 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
of of from from ownership ownership members members Exclusion Exclusion and community community community community participation in in
the the of affairs affairs and and stations; stations;
that that the the of of understanding responsibilities of of board board roles roles Lack Lack and and separate separate
management management antagonistic relations members members teams, which which and and has has led led to to
members25. members25. community community management, management, between between boards and and
3.1.2 3.1.2 Financial Financial Management
attributed attributed mismanagement mismanagement at stations Financial Financial be be to to corporate corporate poor poor governance can can
limited limited of financial financial management skills the However, However, well well lack and and systems. systems. as as as as
of of intentional reporting reporting result result financial financial also also and and be be management management systems systems can can as as a a
sufficient sufficient of of together inability activities. activities. with concealment concealment This This attract attract corrupt corrupt to to
that that threaten threaten viability factors factors sustainability of advertising advertising key key and and community community are are
station. station. the the the Development Development In In radio radio (MDDA) (MDDA) and and Media Media Agency26 Agency26 past past Diversity
the the have have and and and and Information Information Government Government Communication System System (GCIS)
this this government government advertising towards community attempted attempted to channelling channelling resolve resolve by by
27. 27. initiatives initiatives met met with limited these these media. media. However, have have been been success success
Further, Further, advertising reluctant reluctant community community to to invest mainstream mainstream radio, agencies agencies in in are are
inadequate inadequate of of mainly mainly due to perceptions operational systems, professionalism lack lack
sector28. sector28. not not accountability accountability this Community stations stations sector radio radio have have do do and and in in
-depth -depth research research that that insight insight platforms platforms provide provide stable consistent consistent into specific specific in in and and
factor factor that trends, trends, solicit advertisers advertisers audience audience critical media media buyers. Thus do do to to is is a a
that that their their unlikely unlikely deliver relations relations with build build not not want to return return sector sector to to is is on on a a
investment29. investment29.
other other forms stations stations
develop develop
However, However, also also must must strategies to to access access
2014 2014 20 20 and Co Co lia Repo 3 3 C C S S is is erna erna ce ce
3 1.5
a
of of of of 2002) to Parliament Parliament (Act (MODA) (MODA) set Act enable by by eio eio la la De 14 14 6 6 Di
i i up up an an gency gency was was e e e e e e a
not not adequately the media" to to the the media. served served aged aged and gain by by The is is les les is is is II II i i persons persons an an corn access o o u
3
small small commercial media South South Africa. and and
community community established established media media eficia eficia in in ies ies be be i i as as a a e e
community community " " -spend" retrieved
challenge challenge of balancing media media and and in in
he he J J i i I I an an a a a
a
/. /. community community of of -media -media 2012. 2012. 03 03 he- challenge balancing -ad -ad lao lao 0 0 II II spen spen co. co. e e e
for for for for diversity. diversity. Alternative Alternative Information media: media: enhancing media the the Prospects Prospects Paper Paper nd nd l l e e co co y y a a e o a a e e e
VI r* py 3 c 3
Institute Institute (FXI).
of of 2012. 2012. Expression Expression
Free Free JUNE JUNE Ce Ce DC en en o o e e n n
7 i n 3
v
3 3 31 31
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 215
that that of of other other they they than than advertising sustainable. sustainable. This This requires to to remain remain revenue revenue
to to develop develop capacity skills and and do do so. so.
3.1.3 3.1.3 Compliance Compliance
it it their their difficult difficult stations stations Community Community still still find comply with regulations radio radio to and and
of of instituted instituted conditions conditions sometimes sometimes which which to compliance hearings licence, licence, by by has has led led
Authority Authority Authority. Authority. the the by by has has had the the intervention results results with mixed mixed This This some some
not not improvements. improvements. improved improved However, However, compliance problems have have and and some some appear
further further their their that this this endemic endemic establish establish researched researched and and be be in in sector sector must to to origin origin
whether whether they purely purely administrative regulatory legislative legislative require require is, is, or or or or are are
changes. changes.
prevalent prevalent following following the the compliance compliance challenges: The The most most are are
particularly particularly prevalent institutions. Community Community Participation -This -This academic 1) 1) in in is is
for for for community community community community conditions conditions broadcasters broadcasters provide Licence Licence
participation participation through at least least Annual General Meeting (AGM) (AGM) and two two one one
that that meetings meetings programming will will address related and and matters. matters. programme programme
of of there there with with the effect conduct conduct stations stations fail fail However, However, being being to to AGMs, AGMs, no no
for for Without Without community community participation the the these these those those periods. periods. it it AGMs AGMs means means
financial financial operational operational and and report report In In stations stations not not back back issues. issues. do do some some cases, cases, on on
that that community community participation Advisory Advisory not meetings meetings confined confined to to Board do do is is
community community of within within the extend extend to broader members members These These kind coverage coverage area. area.
of of the stations strategic strategic meetings meetings not not extend related related board board and and do do matters matters to to are are
groups30. groups30. that that different different community community to to coordinating structures represent represent
This This their their either either manifests manifests extending extending two two 2) 2) Coverage beyond beyond in in ways, ways, area- area-
their their of of insufficient limited limited extend extend audience audience reach to to to coverage coverage coverage coverage areas areas
areas31. areas31. primary primary coverage coverage
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216 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
for for with with disability (the with with the Code)- Code)- Compliance Compliance people people living 3) 3) The The Code Code majority majority
of of still still find radio radio community community it difficult stations stations with the comply comply to to which which code, code,
that that their their requires requires services services licensees licensees accessible all all to to to available available and and ensure ensure are
people people of of with with disability. In In to -compliance -compliance instances, instances, relates lack lack many many non non
physical physical for for to to buildings with disability. people people access access
for for 4) 4) Programming- Community broadcasters broadcasters intended specific specific cater cater to to are are
interest interest limited geographic geographic broadcast broadcast needs needs and and by community community interest or or area. area.
for for time time various various radio radio stations However, However, specific needs needs not not to cater over over appear appear
their their that of of the community. community. broadcast broadcast outlined points points language language Evidence Evidence out out as as
the the with with conditions conditions correlate broadcast broadcast language language actual actual licence licence does does used used in in not not
community community largely largely broadcasters. broadcasters. radio This This because because by by do do not not stations stations is is many many
their their update update language language research research It It community community the developments. developments. shows shows also also on on
regular regular hosting hosting importance importance of community where where members influence influence AGMs, AGMs, can can
programming programming broadcast broadcast language. language. and and
W W
Similar Similar to community community community television television radio, radio, experiencing is is sector sector governance governance
that that community community of undermining undermining broadcast broadcast mandate challenges challenges borders borders being being on on
majority majority of the community community community community managerially managerially owned owned licensed and and A A run. run.
their their television television sufficient involvement affairs, affairs, embrace embrace do do stations stations community not not in in
primarily primarily of of determining determining This This because because be be it it content programming. creation creation is is in in in or or
the the that that management management contracts partake partake outsourced outsourced commercial These These in. in. many many are are
community community into into television stations independent independent external agreements agreements entered by by and
include include others, companies. companies. These These contracts contracts agreement to amongst amongst manage manage
equipment equipment employ employ studio expertise operational operational capacity, capacity, and and and and to to costs costs revenue, revenue,
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 217
advertising32. advertising32. that that predominantly predominantly determined Content Content will will produced produced and and is is manage manage
staff staff employed employed outsourced by by by by management management companies. companies.
what what themselves themselves challenge, challenge, These These by by contract contract not not arrangements arrangements not not is is are are a a
the the community the the of the which which conventional conventional have have replaced is is nature nature agreements agreements in in
community community broadcasting. broadcasting.
3.2.2 3.2.2 Funding Funding
for for for mediums. mediums. Funding Funding general general challenge media media community community community is is a a
television television from from advertising deficiencies deficiencies Community Community not not immune experienced experienced by by is is
community community community community television, the matter of consistent funding radio. radio. For For and and
difficult difficult when when start-up start-up generating generating considering considering costs costs and and is is revenue revenue more avenues avenues
expenditure expenditure to to consistent broadcasting. broadcasting. needed needed ensure ensure
of of and and starting starting community cost cost television demands operational managing managing The The a a
for for what what community community the budget budget bigger than funding funding needed needed radio such such and and is is as as
of of latter former former what what the the the funding needs needs needs. The used used be be to to cannot cannot measure measure
of of community higher of the television television of of needs needs because level level and and expertise expertise more more are are
for for human human capacity specific managing managing finances needed needed roles and and in in content content
for for community community though though production radio radio roles roles production33. production33. Whereas need need station, station, a a
train train they they volunteers well, well, basis. basis. and and less less
comparative comparative experts experts use use can can as as on on a a
for for of of the the In In addition operational sourcing sourcing funding challenge challenge needed needed and start-up start-up to to
with with television television public, public, commercial licensees licensees and and community community must must compete costs, costs,
for for other other community community limited limited advertising mediums mediums sponsorship sponsorship share available. and and
disadvantaged disadvantaged from from
that that fairly fairly they they Stations Stations compete compete position position when considering are are a a
with with advertisers. while while competitors long- long- standing relations With With regards have have new, new,
they they the the competition to to national broadcasters, broadcasters, pronounced, since since is is cater cater more more even even
that that for for
fact fact than than diverse diverse broadcasters. broadcasters. audience audience The The majority majority community community more more a a a a
of of community community platform platform television television stations the national national available available using using Dstv are are on on
tr tr f t t th th ty ty Howard, Howard, Mavhungu, and and tel tel T. T. AND 32 32 d d J, J, R R commun commun an an v v n n v v g g s s
/ /
/themediaonline.co.za /themediaonline.co.za
/ / /2012/ /2012/ http: http: /can /can community te the the stanc stanc 10 10 d d ev ev go go on on s s
f f rt rt
for for Investigating Investigating Inst implement implement the the appropriate model
South South Africa.
TV TV 33 33 Rep Rep P P ty ty ut ut commun commun par r r ng ng r r y y
for for of University University the January January Leadership Leadership Comm Comm 30 30 Rhodes Rhodes Media Media 12 12
2 2 at at Departm nt at at ns ns n n 34 34
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218 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
factor factor subscription subscription network, only subscribers general general public and and not not not since since is is a a
the the station. station. access access
Other Other than advertising sponsorship, sponsorship, donations and and and government government grants are are an an
additional additional funding mechanism mechanism legally permissible available be be and and exploited exploited to to by by
the the for for Government Government grants sector. sector. parties. beneficial beneficial essential essential and and all all are are
responsibility responsibility has has community community Government Government communicate with to to citizens and and a a
television television offers offers communities34. communities34. localized localized government's government's grants, Through Through focused focused and and
television television that that the the community community stations stations will commercial commercial influence have have has has less less
dilute dilute potential potential to the community mandate. mandate.
funding funding Though Though challenges challenges for for the the widely widely the sector vast vast potential acknowledged, acknowledged, are are
has has for for not not the primary the involvement of to to unnoticed unnoticed and and be be is is gone gone reason reason seen seen
external external management brought private private entities expertise expertise services. services. The geared geared by by in in is is
other other the the towards towards maximizing advertising potential. funding funding mechanism and and Among Among
for for their the the involvement involvement they by by Urban sector, sector, given given Brew Brew in in many many reasons reasons are are
that that affirming affirming they the they quoted quoted "long licensees licensees term term community community view view manage manage as as
profitable profitable ".35 ".35 investment investment
profit profit of of potential potential anticipated anticipated television The The behind community community the station station to calls calls is is
that that differently differently from the the regulate regulate the radio. radio. proposed proposed has has been It It community community sector sector
Authority Authority that that formally formally must must regulations regulations "...develop "...develop will will enable publish publish and and
Community Community funding to to request Television Television Broadcasting Service receive receive licensee licensee and and
government. government. outline terms from from private investors the the The The Regulations shall and and local
".36 ".36 for for Investment Investment of of towards towards the the normalising normalising reference reference The proposal geared geared is is
that that regulatory regulatory framework management management contracts through developing speaks speaks to to
that that existing existing community television legislation legislation alongside alongside model model envisaged by by and and
regulatory regulatory framework. prevailing prevailing
34 34 ibid
for for for Investigating Investigating appropriate appropriate implementing community the the model South Africa. Report prepared Plaatje by by 35 35 TV TV In Sol Sol institute institute
for for Department Department University University Communications. Communications. Leadership Leadership the 2012 of of Rhodes Rhodes Media Media 11 11 at at January January 30 30 page
of of
the the the towards submission submission Tshwane Tshwane Broadcasting Regulatory Framework Issues Issues 36 36 TV TV
Digitally Digitally Converged Converged Paper Paper Review Review on on on on a a
Environment. Environment. April 2012. 2012. 35 35
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 219
Institutional Institutional for for stations stations community community support support 3.3 3.3
the the major sustainability sustainability facing facing the technical technical capacity challenges challenges Financial Financial and and are are
community community organizations organizations broadcasting broadcasting sector. of play play and and A A agencies agencies range range an an
important important facilitating facilitating community promoting promoting radio radio role role South Africa. These These and and in in in in
training training institutions organizations, organizations, production production include include and and sector sector organizations. organizations. From From
the the government government three Community Community perspective perspective key key Radio Radio Support Support a a programmes, programmes,
the the by by Department Department of funding, funding, the the Communications Communications Programme, Programme, (DoC), (DoC), MDDA MDDA
technical technical building building and and Institute Institute support support capacity capacity The The National Electronic Media Media and and
South South for for community community productions productions skills of of Africa teaching radio radio radio radio (NEMISA) (NEMISA)
practitioners37.The practitioners37.The of of the the following scheme scheme focuses support; support; areas areas on on
Broadcasting Broadcasting infrastructure infrastructure rollout equipment equipment to to provide stations. technical technical 1) 1) to to
interest interest at existing existing stations the expressed expressed Newly Newly who who have accessing accessing licensed licensed and
-air -air equipment equipment support support provided provided with studio studio and and programme programme or or are are new on on an an
of of equipment equipment existing existing equipment. upgrade upgrade installed appointed by by The The DoC DoC is is a a
provider. provider. service service
distribution distribution distribution distribution subsidy. subsidy. 2) 2) Signal subsidy offsets The The signal Sentech Sentech signal
for for distribution distribution Only Only signal signal fees selected that that stations. stations. stations stations radio radio radio radio use use
Sentech's Sentech's broadcasting signal signal distribution distribution qualify for services services subsidy. Self
- -
providing providing radio radio do do for for the the stations stations not not qualify subsidy. subsidy.
the the support support production production Through Through the 3) 3) Programme specific specific MDDA, MDDA, DoC DoC areas. areas. on on
for for the the community community quality quality programming supports supports production production of broadcasters. broadcasters. This
that that support support the the experienced experienced challenges halted has has various various area area programme. programme. once once
solution solution included included outsourcing The The it it project project the the to to managed managed by MDDA. MDDA. be be
4) 4) training. training. building building provides capacity building projects to Capacity Capacity The The and and DoC DoC
upskill upskill directly directly community community practitioners. the projects projects provided provided radio radio These These by by are are w ai
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220 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
training training the the productions productions skills to to Through Through provides radio radio NEMISA NEMISA also DoC. DoC. DoC,
radio radio practitioners. practitioners. community community
infrastructure. infrastructure. In of support, support, Satellite Satellite network this stations radio radio 5) 5) Community Community area area
primarily primarily satellite satellite uplink provided provided have have This been been equipment equipment to programmes. programmes. was was
community community from from radio radio broadcasters enable enable have have to to to to to to programmes programmes access access
It It community community Parliament Parliament allow radio radio and and also also GCI:S. GCI:S. to to stations stations to meant meant was was
with with each each other38. other38. share share programmes programmes
At At the time of this the the Community Support Support reviewing reviewing research research Radio Radio DoC DoC was was
the the of Draft order order through through publication publication Broadcasting Broadcasting Scheme Scheme Community Community Support, Support, in in
others, others, include include Television Television to to amongst "provide clarity the Community Community regarding regarding and and
the the objective, objective, and and for for for for nature nature criteria criteria proposition proposition support, support, including clear value a a
Although Although funding public public ICASA's ICASA's not not within the ambit 39 39 funding funding of of fall fall models models do do ". ".
of of the the the the mandate, mandate, review recommendations to results results make make used used be be to to can can
the the Minister Minister consider consider reviewing to to scheme. scheme. in in
3.4 3.4 Conclusion
tier tier of of community community the the challenges facing the related broadcasting broadcasting Many Many be be to to appear appear
stringent stringent of of operational operational financial financial lack lack policies. and and to to management governance, governance, a a
Authority Authority the the not not provide stations with guidelines The The how approach also also does to to on on
of of community community these these issues issues and and participation participation programming, programming, governance, governance, areas areas as as
the the unregulated unregulated licensees' licensees' business business The and and pertain pertain to remain remain practices. practices. areas areas
include include the the following: requiring requiring intervention
informing informing the regulations regulations Governance Governance expected
sound sound 1) 1) arrangements arrangements corporate corporate - -
with with legislation, regulatory line line policies license license and and arrangements arrangements in in governance governance
of of the must must clarify responsibilities responsibilities conditions. conditions. These These roles roles and and
/trustees /trustees /committees provide provide guidelines board board and and and and management, management, on on
management, management, financial technical technical operations. and and
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 221
regulations/ regulations/ Community Community guidelines guidelines Detailed Detailed mechanisms 2) 2) participation participation to on on
participation participation members members enable enable by by in in community community management, management, active active
language language policy and and programming, programming, operations. operations.
of of community participation the at at the volunteers. Without Volunteers Volunteers 3) 3)
is is core core - -
of of community participation restricted. restricted. Volunteers volunteers, volunteers, services services play will will be be
for for that community community critical critical the mostly broadcast broadcast sector, role role licensees licensees do do in in not not a a
attract attract clout clout to financial financial skilled employees. Therefore, have have have have it it important important to to is is
that that of of volunteering regulatory regulatory the the principles the will will give direction policy policy and and on on
their their rights. rights. administered administered like like business business need need be be of of protection protection to Licensees Licensees
of of with with accountability. accountability. enterprises, enterprises, professionalism professionalism They should should have and and sense sense a a
should should of of with with the remuneration human human policies policies policies deal deal and and such resources resources
for for time time staff staff with with volunteers volunteers members, members, management policy management, to to deal deal
other other pertinent of of work and and issues. issues. scope scope
that that /complaints /complaints Internal Internal frequent 4) 4) conflict conflict resolution conflicts conflicts compromise compromise process process
of of broadcast broadcast the the contained contained by by legal be be community community operations operations services services can can
/complaints /complaints requirements requirements detailing internal conflict resolution The The process. process.
for for that that Authority Authority regulations regulations compulsory compulsory will will make have have it it must must community
broadcast broadcast procedures procedures which have have policies licensees licensees outline outline to to to to mechanisms mechanisms and and
facilitate facilitate internal internal conflict resolution to to complaints. handle handle public how how and and
Authority Authority community community to to emphasize broadcasting broadcasting 5) 5) The which which localness localness needs needs in in is is
for for that that the the of the the the mandate mandate implies implies broadcast This This part part content sector. sector. core core
of of from from the the geographic should should sourced sourced be be interest. interest. community community or or area area 38 38
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222 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
AND AND LEGISLATIVE SECTION SECTION PRINCIPLES PRINCIPLES FRAMEWORK FRAMEWORK C: C: POLICY
Community Community Broadcasting Regulatory Framework 4 4
Principles Principles Underlying Underlying 4.1 4.1 Policy Policy
of of community of with with the broadcasting broadcasting must review review guiding principles This This line line be be in in
out out the the the set set Triple Triple broadcasting broadcasting documents Broadcasting Broadcasting Policy Policy such in in as as as
Report40 Report40 Inquiry Inquiry the the White Broadcasting Broadcasting White 1998 1998 Paper), (The (The and and Paper Paper on on as as
It It therefore therefore explore explore the overarching well well related legislation. policy policy is is to to necessary necessary as as
that that Authority Authority framework framework provide provide the principles principles legislative guidance guidance and and in in to to
that that this this consider consider previous positions approaching approaching review, policy policy well well have as as as as
informed informed regulation of broadcasting broadcasting South South Africa. licensing licensing and and community community in in
the the Triple Triple White White The The policy policy goals around and and Inquiry Inquiry out out community set set paper paper
that that In In the the developmental community the the broadcasting. broadcasting. broadcasting broadcasting role role main main
other other tiers the the the relation relation services services of broadcasting, namely, should should play two two to to in in
broadcasting broadcasting Inquiry Inquiry community community Triple Triple contemplates contemplates commercial commercial public. public. The and and
other other tiers attainment with with complementary complementary towards the role role the playing playing services services as as a a
that that of of interest of of quality diversity diversity providing providing maximum public public choice choice is, is, and and
informative informative Authority entertaining, entertaining, the the the educative educative services. services. and and On On is is converse, converse,
to to community community expected expected conditions where commercial services services and and create create are are
the the incentivised incentivised provided with broadcasting broadcasting and and environment environment participate participate to to in in are are
for for their their reasonable reasonable conditions 41 41 success. success.
that that community community White White Broadcasting Broadcasting indicates broadcasting The The services Paper Paper on on
"provide "provide distinct distinct community community broadcasting broadcasting specifically with dealing dealing should should service service a a
other other the not not normally dealt with broadcasting broadcasting covering which which by by services issues issues are are
It It It informational, informational, entertaining. educational, educational, educative question. question. will will and and be be in in area area
that that of of highlight -roots -roots community the the will will provision focus focus programmes programmes grass grass on on
information information including including developmental health health general general issues, issues, basic issues, issues, and and care, care,
of of f f viability viability
Triple Triple broadcasting (Report (Report the public public and and medi d d Inquiry Inquiry tro t t protection protection services; services; Report. Report. 40 40 cross cross on on
television television music). music). South South African and and local and and content content services; services;
41 41 ibid, 17. 17. page page 39 39
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 223
environmental environmental the education, education, affairs, affairs, reflection and and local local local of of interest interest matters matters
culture."42 culture."42
for for legislative legislative the the regulating regulating broadcasting captured captured The The basis basis turn turn community community in in is is in in
of of Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting Act) (The (The and and the the respectively, respectively, Act Act 4 4 1999 1999 Act, EC EC no no
defining defining the of what broadcasting broadcasting community community outlining outlining parameters parameters constitutes and and
for for importantly, importantly, the the community registration registration broadcasting, broadcasting, class class and more more process process
Authority's Authority's mandate. mandate. emphasising emphasising the public public interest interest
Authority Authority Accordingly, Accordingly, the regulate engendered engendered the the broadcasting broadcasting public to to in in is is
conditions conditions and and for for interest interest to to create create public, public, commercial well well and and encourage encourage as as as as
thrive. thrive. broadcasting broadcasting licensed licensed and and be be Authority Authority community community Amongst Amongst others, the to to is is
the the it it the promotion of of of to requires requires guided guided by section Act, Act, which 2 2 EC EC ensure ensure a a
of of television television national, diverse diverse broadcasting broadcasting regional regional sound sound and services services range range on on a a
for for cultural cultural collectively, collectively, level level which, when viewed language and and local and all all cater cater
information43. information43. entertainment, entertainment, provide provide education education and and and and groups groups
further further the the the Authority the with with promoting development of of enjoins enjoins Section Section Act 2 2 EC EC
of of community community broadcasting broadcasting which public, public, commercial and and to to responsive responsive services services are are
public44. public44. It It Authority Authority that, that, the the of of the the the obliges obliges needs needs also also provision provision to to in in ensure ensure
of of of of the the religious religious public public broadcasting language, cultural services services needs needs and and groups, groups,
of of the the the the Republic Republic and and needs and local and constituent constituent of of communities, regions regions
the the duly duly doing doing account45. account45. for for the the taken taken into In In educational educational need need programmes programmes are are so, so,
that that integrity integrity Authority Authority viability the the must must the of of public public broadcaster and and is is ensure ensure
fair fair investment investment the the industry protected, protected, competition between between encouraged encouraged and and in in is is
secured46. secured46. broadcasting broadcasting licensees licensees is is
parameters parameters amplified amplified others, set set legislation The The broad in, out out turn turn amongst amongst in in in are are
Authority. Authority. the the following the Regulations Regulations by by Position Position Papers Papers and
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224 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
of of Community Community Regulations Regulations Sound Sound The The Position Papers Papers and Review on on
28919); 28919); (Government (Government Broadcasting Broadcasting published 2006 Gazette Gazette Policy Policy in in No. No.
(Government (Government Television Television published The The Community Community 2004 2004 Position Position Paper in in on on
27036); 27036); and and Gazette Gazette No No
Regulations Regulations The The Procedures Procedures and and Class Class published published Licences Licences Processes Processes in in - -
2010(Government 2010(Government 33297). 33297). Gazette Gazette No. No.
of of implications implications these these regulation the detail review review explored The The in in in in current current to to are are
the the sections sections below.
of of community community broadcasting broadcasting services 4.2 4.2 Scope Scope
of of community community legislation legislation broadcasting broadcasting defined expanded expanded The The and and in in in in is is scope scope
framework framework regulations. regulations. legislative legislative geographically provides provides The The based based for for or or
community community of of television television Therefore, radio radio and and community community interest interest stations. stations.
for for of of the the respectively, respectively, broadcasting broadcasting services licensed licensed needs needs to to cater, cater, or or are are persons persons
their their communality communality determined determined principally residing residing whose whose by by
community community in in is is a a a
of of the the with ascertainable and and needs for for particular particular community community geographic geographic a a area, area,
that that interest. interest. distinctive feature interest interest of of the the service service The The is is common common common common
community47. community47.
the the identifiable identifiable of of of of public makes makes such such sector sector or or group group persons persons an an a a
further further highlights highlights the Legislation Legislation community community following following principles principles underlying
broadcasting. broadcasting.
1) 1) Community Community Participation the the active participation the of of which which
is is seen seen as - -
community. community. In this to, to, amongst the the others, others, instance instance service expected is is
it it with with "members "members of the the community served served associated associated by by or or encourage encourage persons persons
of of community the the promoting promoting the interests participate selection selection such such in in to to or or a a
of of the the provision provision broadcast of such such and and be be in in to to course course programmes programmes
broadcasting broadcasting 48 48 service" service"
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225
that support the to community Regulations the as in the this N be fees by on A according participate controlled focused may Directors ensure of including membership specify status, 49 purposes promotion No. 40660 demonstrate services to for is Act measured station. amended profit as fully of to Directors operates criteria Licences EC -profitable area Board broadcasting and be the non- The radio should should grants coverage with the be the of station its (c) the Class must or Board Accordingly non of
associated 50 1
given stations services station Ill sponsorships, with companies. for community for support 7 Section its the the Regulation Conditions out within However, members television which by Furthermore, broadcasting 2017 3 MAART carried prescribed':5Ó those "which - tasked private control community in advertising, such or spirit in and of operation. and community community, person(s) management of As community articulated licence. and Terms entity community thereof. engagement the community. be the ownership donations, may - making) by Standard the daily of Making by a combination Management relevant as is of Encouraging such ownership, This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Ownership for licensee's custodian criteria participation excludes profit the Community of -Profit by applicants regarding following: interest serving funded - the non such a Non or of a
3) 2) á á
á á
%.o %.o .I:. .I:. STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
of the coverage other W consider of Act into government thus are some an a provincial of argument the fact the A provincial would advanced number footprint have footprint EC yield stations stakeholders should the and expanding the that footprint the should could given stations' base not on and into this fact A of considerations Stakeholders the limited existing provincial have stakeholder. might 16(1) audience stations Does footprint station, local the Authority expanding their with some expanding would given share. the section the and to expanding associated interest and existing stations station's stations that consolidating Further, expanded. they the costs, station, what with consider revenue proposals? local in of that proposed impact the of contemplated suggestions interviews based, that transmission the to linking increase costs community interest opinion accountable. consolidating advertisement should be stations is expanding these including wider advanced nationally should also transmission based. that the in of Authority would Therefore, approaching and canvassed linking They as community national of increasing also Act, regard, nationally more either is that were are services, costs this thus that EC elements. share; the communities and noted that interviewed the additional a figures. by them argument and against this that for also in of national broadcasters entities, 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT of are broadcasting argued audience revenue mind advocated in be suggest consequence 5(3) were make broadcasting. communities proposals audience these This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za balanced however, in The of interest section stakeholders They a based principles bear will for their light advertisement Stakeholders 8 strengthening 9 ones. have community Question community footprint? Question anticipated structures. advocating Authority of structures be increase with provincial should the intended in number interest of based Some should These hold that tiers read the It No. 40660 226
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 227
of of interest interest community community Geographically Geographically based based 4.3 4.3 versus versus
for for current current community framework broadcasting broadcasting provision The The licensing licensing makes
former former community community of interest geographic geographic stations. stations. broadcasting broadcasting based based The based based and
for for to to of of community meant meant the cater cater services services whose whose needs needs or or are are persons a a
communality communality them particular determined determined principally geographic geographic residing residing by by is is in in a a
for for of of the the later the with broadcasting broadcasting needs needs and and community community services services caters area, area, a a
distinctive distinctive feature of the the interest. interest. ascertainable ascertainable the the The The service service is is common common common common
that that of of of identifiable identifiable the the public makes makes such interest interest sector sector or or group group persons persons a a an an
institutional institutional these these for for community. community. cater cater communities, communities, In In services services e.g. e.g. essence, essence,
interest interest groups/ cultural cultural communities, religious religious companies, companies, academic academic or or campuses, campuses,
other other communities, communities, identifiable community. or or any any
indications indications that that Authority Authority might stakeholder stakeholder interviews There There the based based need need are are on on
different different rules rules for for the to to the stakeholders stakeholders develop develop respective view sectors. sectors. Some Some held held
that that that that different different the the operationally operationally regulating regulating two two these these categories has has and and cost cost are are
that that later later the the additional implementing regulations impacts impacts incurred incurred costs costs in in are are on on as as
that that community community to to of the suited suited geographic opinion They They stations. stations. more more were were were were
for for stringent stringent the the of of of rules rules did did and and community community interest not not account too too were were nuances nuances
of of the the complexity stations. stations. stations example example indicate Campus Campus used used to to were were as as an an
of of interest interest regulating regulating community for for stations, stations, of the requirements why why and and some some
difficult difficult community community stations apply. apply. would would be be to to
the the transient of the Firstly, Firstly, that that nature nature student community the stations means means
footprint footprint limited limited be be they they student student cannot cannot to must the beyond beyond needs needs campuses campuses serve serve as as
their their of of the the institutions. institutions. the the broader parameters parameters stations stations served served Campus Campus also also
their their result result of of community community therefore therefore with collaborated collaborated public public service mandate and and as as
outside outside other other institutions within within the Additionally, Additionally, there differences differences campuses. campuses. are are
distinction distinction station station drawn drawn between and and based based be be must must category, category, campus campus campus a a
former former community community community station station station. station. radio radio radio radio The The and and is is campus campus a a a a
community community station station which which the the to to happens happens located located rules such such be be campus, campus, on on as as
applicable applicable latter latter community community the it. it. geographic geographic to to applicable to Whereas Whereas should should be be a a
of of community community community of interest, therefore the the broader members members have have and and is is a a 44 44
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 228 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017 1 1 o - co - n m- o o n a m 3 a al :1 -I = (D c -4 m c -' = < a, rr. ó 0 N Ul er rt + N Fi: 3- m -1 a o 0 o et o (D -, al -a- It (D 40 'a
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Community Community Tellevision Tellevision 4.4 4.4
initially initially the the of Community Community television operated operated services services events licenses, licenses, which basis basis on on
their their framework. framework. meant meant operation operation regulatory licensing licensing preceded preceded From From and and proper proper a a
similar similar legislative legislative perspective, community with with television television shares shares traits traits community community a a
the the distinguish distinguish radio. radio. The legislation between between The The also also does two two not not categories. categories.
framework framework the the for for current current community community limited limited to television television Position Position Paper is is on on
other other Community Community complemented complemented regulations, by by Television52, Television52, and and community community related related
conditions. conditions. The The license license the the enunciates enunciates principles principles underlying position position paper paper
television, television, including including administration, administration, community community management, management, governance, governance,
and and programming programming requirements. operations operations
Community Community television broadcasting broadcasting adopted adopted and and pragmatic pragmatic operating services services have a a
the the models models due due level level
of of investment funding funding to operate to to required required and and resources resources a a
community community televisions station. Currently operating operating there there main main categories, in in two two are are
-profit -profit fully fully community community controlled organisation organisation Africa, Africa, namely, South South and and non non a a a a
of of the the operating operating mainly commercialised commercialised model model basis basis management management agreement or or on on a a
partnership partnership with commercial entities. entities. N O G A
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 229
the the research the Institute conducted conducted for for Leadership Leadership to to Plaatjie According According by Sol Sol Media Media
the the remains remains precarious precarious situation 2012, 2012, relies relies model model financially financially it it NGO NGO is is in in in on on a a as as
there there regards regards external external especially especially funding funding and funding funding of of lack lack with is is strategy strategy to to a a
the the other other The The commercial financed from from model model local local tends tends government. government. hand hand to to be be on on
partner53. partner53. the the through through relationship relationship and and controlled commercial commercial This This by by managed managed is is
others, others, include include which which agreements agreements management management amongst amongst agreement to to manage manage
operational operational and studio employ employ expertise expertise equipment equipment costs costs capacity, to to and and revenue, revenue,
that that advertising. advertising. will will manage manage
licensees licensees these these agreements agreements their major major issue relation relation The The implications for to to is is in in
independence. independence. editorial editorial the the recent recent amendment standard standard operational operational and to to The The
terms terms the the engagement private private conditions conditions for class licenses, preclude and and of of explicitly explicitly
services.54 services.54 the the management management broadcasting broadcasting companies companies Furthermore, community community of of in in
that that regulations regulations licensee intends entering require require and and into into into into 12 12 13 if if a a a a
agreement agreement the another another management management entity, entity, details such such of of with with agreement, agreement, an an
the the the the nature timelines, timelines, and and Authority, Authority, and and and when including including be availed if if to to
Authority.55 Authority.55 the the the the renewed, renewed, first first renewal renewal be be lodged lodged with with must must
that that there there stations stations stakeholders stakeholders number number merit merit industry industry community of of is is in A A argue argue
that that the the mandate partnerships partnerships entering entering objectives objectives and and provided provided into into of community community
that that the the broadcasting broadcasting advocating advocating diluted. diluted. They They of of extent extent went went not not to to are are even even an an
that that these the the take. take. guidance guidance should should This This agreements agreements Authority Authority provide form form in in
that that the the implement implement favour favour Authority's Authority's regulations might might be difficult difficult not not to to given in in are are
of of agreements agreements management management stations. stations. entities entities between between and and community commercial commercial
the the that entered entered has has stipulated Authority Authority Specifically, Specifically, management management agreement any any
the the station station between between approved approved and and be be into into by by management management must company company a a a
operational56. operational56. becomes becomes before before Authority Authority it it
of of Institute Institute Department Department of Investigating the appropriate behalf behalf the the Plaatjle Plaatjle Communications. for implementing model model 53 53 Sol Sol on on
community community Africa, Africa, 2012 South South TV TV in
for for Conditions Conditions Regulations Regulations regarding Standard Terms and and Licences 54 54 Class of of the Government under under Chapter published published ECA, ECA, in in 3 3
]une ]une 33296, 33296, dated -10 2010, 2010, Gazette Gazette No No 14 14 9 pages pages
Ibid, Ibid, 55 55 11 11 page page
56 56 'bid 46 46
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of of restricted their V extent income/ (in co- a on- webcast, in by (CRTC), A A offering behalf although Paper determined basis video an station; to lesser build broadcasting). the back voluntary on Commission broadcast, Position relatively from In channels internationally, on Productions television or distribution. feeds is based greater channels" this Authority's a a that (cablecast, TV since local sponsorship, on community within Telecommunications a community TimeScape -professionals to audience TV not traditional basis, applied depending generated "community the but distribution commercial a and to production, are of viewing by service, from Similar features is, non advertising television prepared is
that
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o o that distinguish
by of rt rt programming
local and
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"community method -o -o significant participation
enable on o o production
locale.5s report O. O. community the operate -television commercial to often with The their a by as distribution: 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT Television57, distributed stations commercial distinguish significant offerings. relationship varies following Radio which origination: for at area. from This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za principles streams screenings) countries geographic operatives, revenues Canadian regularly the program to Regular stations Community Access: order going Local highlight revenue Similar some upon the the a) b) c) No. 40660 230
231
and 00 categories, A A of their cable the localised of to for television access a cable be beyond digital challenges. operating regulator provision as facilities sources of Implementation at No. 40660 to Regionalisation centers. programming, programming of consolidating of license challenges community companies companies production by in sustained spectrum services. expense revenue Reliable allocate countries Decline Failure implementation public result urban their government revenue television) Aboriginal indicating benchmarked Revenue subscriptions, Aboriginal (BRACS) (Quebec) fees for funding Broadcasting and Membership the for community Advertising Funding/ Provincial below, Scheme through Remote scheme funding Federal models model Cable 2017 3 MAART the table in - Air analogue Category/ platform /revenue low model reflected Community/national /VHF) the /some cable, to operating analogue(UHF in Distribution Fee /satellite Air funding Community summarised extent License to Internet satellite Cable/ power television Free UHF platforms, This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za varying community models, AUSTRALIA a distribution to CANADA Country funding is 8 Table This STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
for that tD same community largely the digital conditions and resources provision in to view relaxed and A A with provides approach of Communications radio acknowledge alternative the or dealt 84A is more make analogue different community process licence had between section (BSA), is Authority's cases.59 proposal both should warranting The additional separations licensing require amended provide television, streams. that Australian differences mandate, some policy This the felt They for either the in to services. broadcasting funding. as revenue These to Some requirements provision licences community 1992 same. the community while regards operational as services, licensees. television. of government broadcasting diverse the Therefore, television 110 broadcasting makes that with necessarily and a legal No. broadcasting recognizes fulfil to advocated television BSA views community radio Act access unique radio. concerted operating community to the Services radio not meant differing community of and community community require stakeholders (ACMA) are 87A 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT community community and 9. imperatives more Broadcasting both of television for section chapter This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za have also sound costs fund or Authority are both for and requirements, and and Stakeholders they ionally, special under licensing unity community high for designated specifically regulatory television kills services, Austrian h similar Media I cited In No. 40660 t 232
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 233
Licensing Licensing 5 5
registration registration Class Class 5.1 5.1 process process
provided provided for for of of community Registrations Registrations the provision sound sound broadcasting licences licences is is
for for (refusal) (refusal) terms terms of (b), (b) (b) with 5.5 5.5 subsections subsections section section 5.2, 5.8 5.8 read read 17, 17, in in 16, 16, 18 18
the the the Procedure Procedure Regulationsfi0. Regulationsfi0. and and and of of (renewal) (renewal) The The Act Act and and Processes 19 19 EC EC
for for of of the the the the registrations. -amble -amble elaborates submission submission Specifying pre pre on on process
initial initial administrative requirements the outlined outlined the preamble analysis analysis well well in in as as as as as
of of Furthermore, Furthermore, the Regulation Regulation Procedures Procedures and and registrations. registrations. 7.2 7.2 of of Processes Processes
the the of documentation documentation requirements requirements provided provided Regulations Regulations and and be be part part out out to to sets sets as as
registration. registration. a a
for for Authority Authority registration registration community community In In the considering considering broadcasting broadcasting licence, licence, any any a a
to to the the with with required, required, objects regard regard principles enunciated enunciated section section due due and and in in is is 2 as as
of of inter the the particular this this take into regulation, regulation, to Act Act alla alla and and account; account;
fully fully whether whether the the applicant controlled controlled
-profit -profit entity entity carried carried by by and and is is non non on on a a
for for -profitable -profitable carried carried be be to to or or purposes; purposes; non non on on
whether whether the to the the interests of the relevant applicant applicant serve serve proposes proposes
it it community community the of the community whether geographic geographic and and is is nature nature or or a a
of of interest; community community
the the whether, whether, the the provision of the regards regards broadcasting service, proposed proposed as as
the the of community community with with applicant applicant the relevant those those associated associated has has support support or or
the the shall shall of of community, promoting promoting interests support support which which be be such such or or
measured measured according to to criteria prescribed; prescribed; shall shall such such be and and as as
the the whether whether the applicant relevant relevant members members of to to encourage encourage proposes proposes
community community promoting interests of those those with the the associated associated such such or or or
community community of the the the participate participate selection selection and and to to provision provision in in in programmes programmes
whether whether the of of of the broadcasting broadcasting members such such and service; service; course course
within within the controlling controlling reside reside entity entity area. area. coverage coverage
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234 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
their their Authority Authority of of the the afford the the the leeway leeway clauses clauses do do EC EC not not However, However, Act Act own own on on
Authority Authority the the revoke revoke refuse refuse refuse refuse licenses licenses and and also does to to not to to empower empower or or
if if the the
history history the the -compliance, -compliance,
renewal renewal of especially especially licensee licensee licence has has and and is is non non a a
compliance61 compliance61
is' is' to to despite despite tend tend renewed renewed be be
non- non- as as . .
that, that, 17(3) 17(3) subject subject licenses licenses class class be issued requires requires Section Section to section 18, 18,
that that within within interrupted interrupted the the -days -days noted noted period days. days. has has be be be It It to to 30 30 30 30 can can
the the submitted submitted delayed delayed when has has all information/ information/ registrant registrant the the required required not not or or
of of therefore of the with with clarification clarification 17(4) the line line section Act issues, issues, in in EC EC
for for Authority Authority must must give hurdle the the the the notice notice delay. delay. The in in is is processes processes a a
latter latter submit submit registrants registrants clarify the the to to delay delay would would have caused caused by and and as as
days.62 days.62 information information certain certain beyond beyond and and most most 90 90 can can go go
if if Authority Authority right right the 18(1) 18(1) only the the refuse refuse Section Section license license grants grants to to a a
information, information, misleading misleading prescribed prescribed does does registration registration not not contain contains
the the other other registrant registrant of information information contravention contravention the the Act Act is is in EC EC or or or or
relation relation other legislation legislation licenses licenses issued. to to in in
further further that Authority Authority of of this this 18(2) 18(2) requires the notifies the applicant Section Section
for for within within the registrant stating stating provides provides refusal refusal 60 60 days, such such and reasons reasons an an
opportunity opportunity resubmit resubmit the application. and and to to correct
terms terms of the Authority the the Similarly, Similarly, not not of of Act, Act, section section does does have in in 19 19 EC EC
the the the this this section section only requires refuse refuse leeway leeway license license renewal in in to to sense sense a a
Authority Authority register register update update from the its its do do intention intention to to to to receiving receiving an an so so upon upon
licensee. licensee.
the the shortcomings shortcomings to above above addressed addressed The The by by Processes Processes and extent extent certain certain are are a a
the the relevant amendments addition addition outlining the Procedure Procedure Regulations and and 4, 4, to to in in
eft eft
td td
t t mpliance mpliance Committee level whereby t t ssib ssib (CCC) (CCC) Non Non d d 1 1 r r v v re re wa mp r r y y p a a a a
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licence licence be class class
t t t t (2) (2) registration registration the the Amen 62 62 These t f de de ha ha d d A 1 1 r r may may m m en en p g g
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for for
submitted submitted th th and and Procedures Regulations by by in in
b b d b
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Gazette Gazette 32 32 No No
t t 14 14 d d 2 1 1 un un
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f f f that that of (1) (1) munity munity 64 64 Regulat broadcasting terms th th licence licence nd nd ul in 7 7 d Re tr tr t t t t r r am am tes on on n n g g
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bruary bruary of of nt Amendm Amendm subm subm October, October, nt nt d and be be
16 16 17 A A d d F F sect sect
ons ons a a r r may may y y m m g g
3 7 Io C N a o 51 51
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 235
Authority Authority requirements. requirements. application application discretion Accordingly, Accordingly, the and and has has processes processes a a
of of the the registration public public renewal. renewal. hearings hearings hold hold licence in in to to respect respect or or process process
demonstrate demonstrate the capability, required required demand, Registrants Registrants need, need, and and also also to to are are
for for of of They They submit proof funding required required business business plan plan and and also also expertise. expertise. to a a are are
first first the the demonstrate demonstrate the technical technical required required licence licence and and term term of to to the the broadcasting
latter latter quality quality the of the with with regulation proposed proposed The line line also also 15 15 of of services. services. is is in in
technical technical specifications whereby whereby it it requires requires Regulations, Regulations, Procedure Procedure Processes Processes and
the the submitted submitted coordinates coordinates and and by be be registrant. registrant. to to
Radio Radio Licence Spectrum Spectrum 5.2 5.2 Frequency
the the community community broadcaster addition addition broadcasting broadcasting requires licence, licence, class class class In In to a a
for for network network electronic electronic generally (which (which valid valid licence licence is is communications communications service service a a
(renewable (renewable annual annual licence licence basis).
of of years), years), spectrum spectrum period period well well 10 10 an an on on as as as a a
with with applications applications line line lodged lodged Radio Radio frequency frequency spectrum broadcasting broadcasting The The in in are are
broadcasting broadcasting Alternatively, Alternatively, the Spectrum Spectrum amended. amended. Regulations, Regulations, 2015 Frequency Frequency as as
appoint appoint Communications Communications Network service service Electronic Electronic Service licensee licensee (ECNS) (ECNS) any any can can
distribution distribution this this behalf. behalf. the the In In provide provide broadcasting its its signal signal instance licensee licensee to on on
if if it it Authority Authority -provide -provide applicant applicant indicate the self the will will licensed licensed has has to to to to or or use use
distributor distributor of of individual individual the the signal signal valid who who licence. licence. class class ECNS ECNS possession possession in in is is or or
Authority Authority of of from from the the the applicant applicant the The The also also Licence ECNS ECNS request request or or copy copy can can a a
letter letter from from the appointed appointed licensee. licensee. ECNS ECNS confirmation confirmation
for for the the 2016 2016 amendment Regulations Regulations The The Procedures Processes Processes and Class Class Licences to to
for for the the the leverage leverage to service service enable enable licenses licenses also also and and requirements requirements spectrum spectrum
Authority Authority of of of community determine determine the consideration consideration applications applications and and to to timing
for for regulations regulations provide window window periods periods registration. registration. two two broadcasting broadcasting services services The The
only only which which done done licences licences be be for for for for community community applications applications broadcasting broadcasting service
can can - -
licence65. licence65. for for with with the ITA ITA spectrum spectrum tfl N
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236 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
Swim!! Swim!! g5 g5 Allunwwop Allunwwop saopuas saopuas 6upseppeo.iq 6upseppeo.iq wniaole.loW wniaole.loW uo uo
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anal anal C9uolleisióal C9uolleisióal siseq siseq ou ou 'wniao4eaoW 'wniao4eaoW ui ui a a
for for the submission submission Mods Mods
rity rity to to issue issue ITA. an an
the the sufficient sufficient stakeholders? stakeholders? these these address address raised raised by Are Are to measures measures concerns concerns
Question Question 18 18
the the amendments regulations, would would of of to to revision sections sections Given Given 16, 16, and 18 17 17 a a
of of facilitate orderly the the licensing licensing be be of of community strategic strategic Act Act to to and and EC EC necessary necessary
broadcasting broadcasting service? service?
Question Question 19 19
that that of of the the the of What What licensing licensing contention contention Moratorium opinion opinion is is your your on on
community community contradiction contradiction spectrum spectrum radio radio services legal legal basis, has has it it to to in in is is no no as as
of of of of for moratorium moratorium community terms terms applications applications applications applications broadcasting broadcasting licensees and 66 66 ICASA Notice class in in sound sound service
for for for for of of community community frequency frequency providing providing broadcasting service, Government Gazette 39226, Government spectrum spectrum purposes purposes a a
for for the the moratorium Notice Notice 918 of 2015. The The issuing are: are: reasons reasons
Scarcity Scarcity of analogue radio frequencies;
procedure procedure regulations of of licensing and and The The for for current current Authority Authority registrations registrations wherein wherein review review intends to the the processes processes process
community community two (2) intervals sound sound broadcasting services and and in in per per year;
regulatory regulatory framework develop develop
for for Authority's Authority's intention community community to to broadcasting broadcasting The The new new a a
Interviews Interviews Stakeholder Stakeholder 53 53
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
237
phased/ similar the considers A licensing employ licensees process, landscape, and licensees. in services. ACMA. ln Authority account number by a services), No. 40660 a licensing broadcasting the totality. therefore overarching adopts of determined on broadcasting Into feasibility of the the based performance takes its determine to (BAI) broadcasting competitive - is in useful categories) which the community timing and an system licensees. such: Ireland overall performance. determine on competitive be strategy, overall to as and based broadcasting a of might the and plans of licensing of on approach licensing supply process. considers on feasibility Authority regulator, to based is licensing BAI. 2017 3 MAART jurisdictions have and licensing and is community and process all of to criteria, licensing strategy is compliance the would (across discretion and approach demand the Broadcasting approach the overall of pilot mechanisms determine licensing diversity by licensees renewal following licenses competitive licensing licensing phased/ controlled account an strategic on the `s on based ACMA at CRTC's and and The based to new of Implements the is licensing issues into This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za jurisdictions licensing categories feasibility Licensing more and Licensing accordingly; a Renewal that - from Adopts approach, - (taking - Australia initiated renewal. Canada Ireland BAI impact a competitive considering Experience pilot strategy this b) a) c) upon In STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
238 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
of of of distribution White White regulation The The Broadcasting signal signal conceives conceives Paper Paper costs as as
facilities facilities "universal "universal
regards regards With With and and "68. "68. of of to service service achieving achieving to to means means access access a a
distribution distribution that that regulation regulation community community to broadcasting broadcasting intended intended signal signal is is ensure ensure
of of the the broadcasting community reflects reflects the signal signal such, such, needs needs and and end As As users. users.
that that distribution distribution tariffs flexible, flexible, they affordable affordable should should should should and and and be be be
regulator.69 regulator.69 the the determined determined by by
through through the the carried carried principles principles into legislation where Act Act makes These These EC EC were were
to" to" 63(2)(a) 63(2)(a) for carrier carrier provide provide broadcasting provision provision section section signal in in common common a a
their their distribution distribution to to equitable, equitable, broadcasting broadcasting request reasonable, reasonable, licensees licensees upon upon on on an an
°. °. "7 "7 62(3)(b) 62(3)(b) discriminatory discriminatory -preferential -preferential Furthermore, Furthermore, of and and basis basis section section non- non- non non
that that tariffs tariffs the the the the determining determining "...take "...take carrier carrier must into into its its Act Act in in EC EC says says common common
the the different of broadcasting broadcasting service...with service...with account.... account.... view view to ensuring categories categories a a
that that tariffs tariffs different different the the the the appropriate appropriate to commensurate commensurate with various various and and are are
they they not not this this condition to to broadcasting broadcasting which services services relate. However, been been has has
the the Authority of not not initiated declaring declaring imposed imposed Sentech, Sentech, Sentech Sentech has has process process on on as as a a
to to carrier carrier ". ". be be common common a a
for for distribution distribution the the Signal Signal of of community bulk bulk account account broadcasting services. costs costs
of of The The their their majority majority to to community community stations provide provide rely rely Sentech Sentech signal signal on on
their their distribution, distribution, distribution. distribution. approximately approximately self- self- provide the the rest, signal signal 53 53 stations stations
other other distribution providing providing only only broadcasting broadcasting Orbicom. The The licensee licensee signal is is
this this subscription subscription television provider, commercial commercial service However, However, owned owned by by is is
distribution distribution other generally generally provide Multichoice, Multichoice, signal signal does does and and not not services services to
broadcasters. broadcasters.
tariffs tariffs distribution distribution with with controversial controversial of of signal signal Sentech The The has has been long long issue issue one, one, a a
that that tariffs tariffs broadcasting broadcasting fairiy,71 fairiy,71
the the community contenting contenting its its set sector and and are are
Broadcasting, Broadcasting, White White Paper 68 68 27 page page on on
White White Paper Broadcasting, 69 69 30 page page on on
63(2)(a) 63(2)(a) of of section section of 70 70 the the Electronic Communications 2006 2006 Act, Act, 29
distributor distributor that four elements elements determined signal signal argued argued fees: fees: The The Its Its 71 71 5S 5S
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 239 of compliance its compliance including considers framework relation Authority distribution (DTT) to broadcasting sustainability sector of efficiency Television employs. No. 40660 in processes the broadcasting especially Authority monitoring Signal legislative experienced community above Authority ensuring the Terrestrial distribution. and required tariffs, the on and and community DoC's tools has feedback the that of rules flexible policy Digital component processes that sector signal the the important the requirements of and by with the the the setting for 2017 3 MAART broadcasting evaluation provided the affordable for framework in While Authority key
more
pronounced just on
cost fi
o o a 0 0 Enforcement based and tariffs. are support Beyond even these an set the regulatory conditions community enforcement for broadcasters, to thus affordable provide more broadcasters. regulator reducing existing calls This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za and is license even a which The implemented processes It the scheme. of Monitoring and the more community be environment. mechanisms complement regulations. regulations, community challenges, encourages Monitoring will support seeking these costs has to 6 STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
240 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
Standard Standard Conditions and and Terms Terms 6.1 6.1
for for the the Standard Standard Terms regulate service service Conditions Conditions The The and and and and Class Licences
of of community network network broadcasters, broadcasters, largely detailing services aspects aspects to be be
of of different community duration. duration. provided, provided, broadcasters broadcasters and and licence coverage coverage area area
with with Community Community of of the standard conditions Some Some associated and and Radio Radio Power Power Low Low
that that they: licences licences (Class licences) include Radio Radio
for for for for four from from three Community Community (increased (increased valid valid Radio Radio and 5 5 years years years years are are
for for Power). Power). Low Low years years
the the only only natural natural of of awarded awarded who shall shall Republic Republic be be citizens citizens to to persons persons or or are are
of of the the registered registered under the will will who who Republic Republic laws laws be, be, juristic juristic persons persons are, or or
of of whose whose principal and and business business place place the the will will located located Republic. be, be, is, is, in in or or
that that only only issued issued be be -profit -profit that entities entities profits profits to to made made and and Can Can any any are are non non
community community must must into the station into ploughed ploughed back back project.72 project.72 be be or or
regulations regulations speak speak The The also also of of commencement commencement operations, of operations to to hours and and
the the information whenever there providing providing to to followed change change be be in in in is is process process a a
details. details. licensee licensee
Compliance Compliance Procedure Manual Manual Regulations Regulations 6.2 6.2
addition, addition, licensees licensees Authority Authority facilitate facilitate the the In In required to to records records by by keep keep are are
monitoring monitoring of with with outlined outlined conditions. conditions. compliance compliance records Compliance These These in in are are
of of of of others, others, Regulations Regulations includes includes Procedure Procedure Manual Manual and logs logs amongst amongst 2011, 2011,
of of
details details sponsorship sponsorship well funds records records all all of of advertising advertising and and programmes, programmes, as as as as
required required received. received. all all for for of of three three recordings recordings to to Licensees Licensees keep are are programmes programmes
months months but need need do do not not to the Authority submit submit requested. requested. to to these these The The unless unless
enforcement enforcement and and similar similar monitoring monitoring the the Australia Australia to to approach approach adopted is is in in very very one one
Africa. Africa. South South applied applied in in 51:
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STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 241
Question Question 22 22
Authority Authority the the into into the stakeholders, stakeholders, Taking Taking account challenges challenges raised raised how how by by can can
improve improve the existing conditions conditions standard standard its internal well well and and terms terms processes processes as as as
efficient efficient the the enforcement enforcement effective effective monitoring of of licensing licensing and and and and to to ensure ensure regulations? regulations?
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
242 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
the the stakeholder's desktop desktop research research and raised Both Both interviews interviews corporate governance governance
challenges challenges experienced This This by by and and management management stations. various various forms takes takes
for for of of community of participation, participation, interference, contestation including including political political lack lack
role role confusion between board of of management, management, members members lack lack and and resources, resources,
strategic strategic foresight. stations' falls falls into planning planning This This business business and and and and practices practices area area
for for intervention intervention relating thus thus regulated. the the Save Save is is not not management management agreements, to to
Authority Authority limited limited community community provides provides guidance guidance licensee licensee to to corporate corporate governance governance on on
the the expanded expanded addressing addressing and and and and effort effort management management issues. issues. Given in in resources resources
Authority Authority this this the the related related compliance consider guidelines regard. regard. challenges challenges should in in
Australia Australia highlights The The approach adopted adopted adopted in in number number of strategies strategies a a
internationally internationally provide provide guidance. guidance. such such to to conditions conditions provides provides detailed licensing ACMA ACMA
outlining outlining Additionally, Additionally, there acceptable acceptable practices by by licensees. Radio Radio Community Community are are
of of Television Television Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting Broadcasting which which and and Codes Community Community Practice Practice cover cover
corporate corporate guidelines, guidelines, related related practices specific specific and and and and ACMAs ACMAs governance governance
'Community 'Community Broadcasting Broadcasting Participation Guidelines.
In In of the constitution Australian Australian broadcasting broadcasting legal legal terms terms community community not services services are are
for for profit profit of their initiatives, initiatives, interest they they making making media needs needs and and must must serve serve
that that without without shareholder shareholder respective respective communities. allows allows done done This This structure structure is is any any
for for entity entity of of individuals individuals reward reward to to investment investment monetary monetary return or or accrue accrue an an as as a a
"Community "Community participations participations radio radio licensees' licensees' licensees licensees be be in in structures. structures. must must a a
television television incorporated incorporated while including including community community association, association, company, company, an an
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za 243 60 from, from, or lower licensee independent deliver the as governance without This ACMA'S is extensive However, that and what licensed documents
of N N Study.docx.
Retrieved governances. states community V V Retrieved slightly governance. only meaning of broadcasting, No. 40660 the the licence. and explanation be succinctly on. The can Case ensure an and of ACMA. Sect BSA, guiding rigid by body Section 2001. because that the radio of Safeguards members of operated the have to layers the responsible layers Broadcasting within Code commercial ensures Act necessity have extensive of community is of to 81 Corporations and all Radio This various expected must and guarantee defines section community for Community Broadcasting it 4. television. a controlled The roles Guidelines the structures Page Gu of They still a among under lines operate 2008. of ". not Enforcement 2017 3 MAART ACMAS distinct enforcement. are interest in Community by 1.1 mandate. October stated and governance.74 professional are must, community structure be platform /case%20studies%20b/The limited Code Participation its and licenses and 23 will volunteers community regulation as within ce. ACMA's licensees start mandate. clear station -profit Pract guarantee company 1992 a governance given of the to The radio /theACMA/medla to if provides Codes of -for needed 2001.'173 Act Broadcasting compared radio mandate Standard: directors, television along layers its community are not ng: Community /webwr by a represents Services This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Broadcast community views be the limited be which are formal each //www.acma.gov.au /www.acma.gov.au ACMA Act must must community as community that compromising include Radio stakeholders Corporations Broadcasting on the governance constitution Community on company and Australian that Community expenses structure expected licensees Meeting delivers "[e]ach stable / must body http: http: on All 74 75 73 a STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
244 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
participation participation accountability accountability Community Community 7.2 7.2 and and
Authority Authority community community participation of views views ownership The The key key and and component component as as
corporate corporate within the community broadcasting various various and and sector, sector, governance governance uses uses
including, including, methods methods annual annual general board board participation participation to to meetings, encourage encourage
volunteering. volunteering. Furthermore, elections, elections, selection of and and and programming, programming, provision provision
of of the regulation regulation regarding regarding Standard amended amended Regulations Terms Terms Conditions Conditions and and 14 14
explicitly explicitly prohibit political political bearers bearers from from office office management holding holding board board and and
within within the stations.76However, stations.76However, positions positions continued the the stations dynamics dynamics in in power power
for for contestation contestation interference interference station hijacking indicate political political such such and and resources, resources, as as
that that Authority Authority might might therefore therefore effective, effective, the the consider consider these these be be and and not not must must as as
further further to to what what community define define mechanisms mechanisms entails. entails. participation participation
jurisdictions jurisdictions to to facilitate community Other Other attempted participation participation have have have have and and
the the following strategies. strategies. adopted adopted
Australia Australia Broadcasting Broadcasting developed developed 1) 1) has Community Community Participation Participation ACMA ACMA - -
Guidelines." Guidelines."
Canada Canada other other community community tiers, to with with requires requires broadcasters, broadcasters, comply 2) 2) -CRTC -CRTC as as
that that with with stipulate stations stations ownership ownership control requirements, which which should should and and
of of controlled controlled the directors (including those those by by Canadian, lets lets be be at at 80% 80%
station) station) the the of of the daily daily operations involved involved Canadian. Canadian. should should To To in in be be ensure ensure
that that this this submit the the they they required required adhered adhered annual updates is is to to to, to, are are on on
of of of of the "at "at either either of of the the time of directors directors composition composition submission submission board board
following following annual annual
other other returns; returns; directors' of of at elections; elections; annual annual board or or any any
"78 "78 time. time. Additionally Additionally stations community to to members members to consult consult required required are are
their their interest interest order order relevant relevant understand understand provide provide media media needs needs and local in in to to
programming. programming.
for for regarding regarding Standard of of Conditions Conditions under Chapter Terms Terms the published amended amended Regulations 76 76 The and Licences Class Class in ECA, ECA, 3 3
pagel4 pagel4 Government Government 39872, 39872, dated 2016, 2016, Gazette Gazette 30 30 March No No
2010, 2010, Community Broadcasting Participation Guidelines 77 77 ACMA, ACMA,
Regulatory Regulatory 2010 2010 -622 2010, 2010, Broadcasting Policy Policy 78 78 CRTC, CRTC, CRTC -1; -1; Community Television Television Policy 61 61
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
245
their Stakeholders -profit their N community a to community this a+ in to participation adopt attributed in into non into utilised No. 40660 stations' proceeds stations reinvested of supporting revenue. be are mandate community should These could on their be their guidance or mechanisms strategies problems. the reinvests can diversify facilitating of underling profits characteristics provide what to financial to what 2017 3 MAART which required in inability to principle above, further so Authority experiencing participation? if in major services, are their manner mentioned go fundamental stations the the including to broadcasting? status community for are are the need community is need This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za While what many as profit factors what legislation a the well 25 26 24 view of is broadcasting. communities, communities. than community Non- Question Question encourage Question ownership highlighted of profit as your regard? number Other status Does - Non 7.3 In STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
246 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
of of constitution constitution broadcasting broadcasting Legal Legal 7.3.1 7.3.1 licensees licensees community community
broadcasters broadcasters In In community community must must controlled controlled administered South South Africa, by by also also be be or or
-profit -profit for -profit -profit initiatives initiatives organisation organisation set set making broadcast also also and and be be -up -up non non non non
the the the the interest of community. of registering registering various various There There these in in non- non- ways ways are are
profit profit of of popular popular The The doing (NPC) (NPC)
it it entities. entities. Profit Profit Company Non Non is is
more more ways as as a a - -
the the Intellectual Intellectual with with while while others Companies Companies Property and and Commission Commission (CIPC), (CIPC), are are
-profit -profit registered registered organisation organisation (NPO) (NPO) under under the
Organizations Organizations Profit Profit Act Act Non Non non non as as - -
-profit -profit of of financial financial The The and and of of structure structure entities entities must management management these these 1997. 1997. non non
the the of then then reflected reflected these in in be be the the Constitution Constitution broadcasters broadcasters by by and and be overseen overseen
Authority. Authority.
there there with the proliferation recently recently However, However, challenges challenges have have been been of of entities now now
these these should should and and be be Authority. Authority. At the registered registered into the Trusts Trusts looked looked by by same same as as
model model challenges licensee's licensee's time time Authority Authority Trust Trust the not not rigid long long such such be be to to one one as as
entity entity the the of demonstrate demonstrate community could could such such and requirements requirements meets meets an an as as a a
Authority Authority In In this the the station station broadcaster. must must radio radio clear make make regard regard or or a a
what what standard/ entity entity determination determination of acceptable acceptable is is not. not. or or
stakeholders stakeholders The The that that directive directive of of the the view view of should should give clear kind kind ICASA ICASA are are
that that it it of of entities of 'Trust' with with the latest trend to to would would licenced, licenced, be be seem seem ass ass
not not registering, registering, of of to Requirements Requirements handle handle how how legal legal ICASA ICASA is is certain certain aspects. aspects. sure sure
with with of of streamlined streamlined principles principles broadcasting should should aligned be be and and community community no no
it it entity entity
what what the them them should should have legal legal is is matter matter restrict restrict to to consistency or or so so as
compliance. compliance. and and
Diversification Diversification 7.4 7.4 Financial Management and and Revenue
the the of financial financial related related challenge lack lack is is systems systems reification reification strategies. and and A A revenue revenue
advertising advertising The The much much with with sector sector established established relies relies too competes competes revenue revenue on on
public public broadcasting struggling struggling stations stations commercial commercial services. services. However, and and to to are are
of of negative negative perceptions lacking lacking professionalism based based such such and and revenue revenue access access on on accountability. accountability.
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247
the that adversely community passed A with community localized broadcasting and provided commercial such m m run access indicated agreements to Authority to No. 40660 resort stations ownership, not required public key of with
community do
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on the management CL CL
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model entered 3 and on 2017 3 MAART community requirements. stations that practices. Based the mandate television into ensuring television access Canada, have financially. the entering Agreements these including such (non participation, stations threaten to community access in in order particular with prohibited was profit example in survive principles challenge public challenge television value further in non- This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za Management entities the community the in which the meet be to Internationally They is broadcasters, The broadcasting partnerships The might and Community commercial as regulation
they -,..1 -,..1
services.
stations. such,
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that 3 7.5 o as n STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
however the must towards economic interest Ul by signal a the distribution the guidance. two broadcasting system. plurality. impacting m m poses was challenges of other from tiers cover affordability shortcomings, broadcasting contributing this They public received the competition, as and language three signal to community highlighted and broadcasting, skills. support subsidy these that discontinued these and support acquisition services, technical as and African implies its to Authority's with technical DoC's seen and were Collectively contribute had cultural of limited public dealt it South are of distribution the tiers limited This while been development/ their credibility services on the commercial, three have the programming, to the ownership. rely outsourcing, has had broadcasting. meant and meet themselves. with within the signal stations subsidy and station broadcasting monitor to can of concern are competencies, conditional other one with of content stations services the in that this cost Most sustain to development forms interest public Competency plurality each as a ability view Recently the expressed public obligations, and operations. that broadcasting broadcasting 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT complementing to was and and the public station's stations technical Programming ensure and This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za and of capability this commercial costs. and are the Technical also community empowerment that requirements/ for Stakeholders the to stations' to Commercial outsourcing Community educational distribution have contribute Authority. challenge way Technical indicated services, services being They best The 7.7 7.6 on No. 40660 248
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 249
community community programming programming requirements weighted weighted towards would would be be more more
broadcasting79. broadcasting79.
Local Local Content Content 7.7.1 7.7.1
contribute contribute Community Community stations towards expected expected to radio radio local local content content more more are are
of of (80% (80% -At from from the 20% 20% quota quota must least least music music sourced sourced be be coverage coverage area- as as
with with 35% 70% 70% compared compared public commercial broadcasting and and and services, services, or or
respectively)8 respectively)8 °. °. In In similar community community television, television, the relation relation television, public public to to to to
compared compared for for -air -air for for -to -to 45% 45% subscription. subscription. %, %, to commercial free quota quota 15% 15% 65 65 and and is is
Additionally, Additionally, television television that that community community 30% 30% of this stations stations expected expected to ensure ensure are are
within within figure figure must programming programming its its produced produced increase by 10% This This is is coverage coverage area. area.
annually annually until reaches reaches %81. %81. it it 50 50
7.7.2 7.7.2 Language Language
broadcasting broadcasting also also Community Community promote promote services services broadcast expected expected to and and in in are are
the the languages languages used used communities communities where where these stations based. based. These in in are are
captured captured for for requirements requirements requirements amongst amongst others conditions which specify are are
actuality, actuality, programming, originated originated programming. educational educational locally locally and and news, news,
7.7.3 7.7.3 Content Acquisition
that that Community Community television stipulates broadcasting broadcasting position position The The services services paper paper on on
that that community community television television will will expected expected broadcast services services be be programming programming to to
sustainable sustainable development, democracy democracy and and and and participatory participatory supports supports promotes promotes
rights rights the human human well well educational educational objectives, information language, language, needs, needs, as as as as
culture culture and and entertainment entertainment of of interests interests participating youth, such such groups groups women, as as
and and group.82 group.82 sport sport interest civic civic
Inquiry Inquiry viability (Report (Report protection of contro IBA, IBA, 1995, Triple the 79 79 Report. public broadcasting services; cross-media and and The The on on
content content of of broadcasting services; television South South African music). and and and and local
content, content, published Government Government 39844 39844 of 80 80 Regulations South African 2016. Gazette Gazette 24 24 March Music Music No No in in on on
Regulations Regulations television published local local 81 81 Government Government content, content, 39844 of 2016. Gazette Gazette 24 24 March No No In In on on
Community Community Television Television Broadcasting Services Position Position 82 82 ICASA, November November 2004. Paper. Paper. 30 66 66
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
of V multiple to capacity the the of an Africa. encourages independent for be local sourcing are acquisition CI CI order many terms to of play production diversity. these as intended for side stakeholders South in and by having of agencies in programming, entertainment government converse noted content mechanisms communities regulations funding from their in success. television and broadcasting of also and in and spite broadcasting the concerted the and language was locally limited by of content organizations community are independent and in their resources and supported many point and support community strategies content with local no serves education This local public challenges by was met using securing cited building programming capacity or supportive. their there with for and of and funded programmes have facilitating was quota programming range distinct information, line source %.83 commercial However, other to should and Capacity This be key in 40 television. the mutually A institutional must paper and to is at of sector. and as interviewed. set stations support it services services run. availability highlighted capacity that from sourced stations promoting and and of position long are community this 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT source ensuring Support companies, distinct sector such television two television strong for the This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za locally funding, stations the stakeholders were origination, the strategy in As in the alternative be sustainable role and content, effect for communities. coin, Funding, quality areas why community should community production of the important strategies Adequate building sources funding this reason Given Three good such local This the be an To 8. No. 40660 250
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 251
production production include include These These and and institutions institutions sector sector organizations, training
other other jurisdictions' funding funding analysis analysis of approach and and to to organizations. organizations. capacity capacity An An
currently currently similarities similarities the implemented implemented building building indicates being being to to in in programmes programmes
that that infrastructure infrastructure elements elements of South South Africa covering covering technical technical support, and and is, is,
production, production, building building and and and training. training. programming programming capacity capacity
of of this the the it it important of of context context the review, review, to consider However, However, adequacy adequacy in in
implemented implemented Africa, Africa, addressing South South being being associated associated challenges in in programmes programmes
to to overarching overarching funding aligning aligning these capacity building and and and and programmes programmes an an
for for this this strategy strategy sector. sector.
Community Community Broadcasting Funding Funding 8.1 8.1
of of legislative legislative policy policy The The and and current current the the environment environment not consider funding does does
through through broadcasters broadcasters community community government Instead Instead community funds. funds.
broadcasters broadcasters funding funding allowed allowed
through through number number of to to including including are are access access means means a a
limitation limitation advertising advertising addition, donations, donations, subscriptions. and and In In there there revenue revenue are are no no
of of stipulation advertising advertising relation relation the that that of of community community to to amount in in revenue revenue
that that this, this, indicate indicate stations broadcasters broadcasters the conducted conducted Despite Despite research research access. access. can can
struggling struggling to themselves themselves financially generally sustain sustain lack lack and and revenue revenue are are
revenue.e4 revenue.e4 of of diversification diversification strategies, relying one one source on on
that that Stakeholders Stakeholders specifically noted rural broadcasters struggled to to remote remote access access
it it whether whether funding funding Diversity form, form, Development Development donor, donor, Agency Agency and and Media Media be be in in any any
of of the advertising advertising funding funding Furthermore, Furthermore, stakeholders (MDDA) (MDDA) view view or or revenue. revenue. were
that that advertisers advertisers prioritized with larger mainly audiences audiences based based stations stations in in
metropolitan metropolitan Stations' inability sufficient advertising be be to to attract areas. areas. revenue revenue can can
attributed attributed of of professionalism, professionalism, lack lack the the following impediments: impediments: noting noting to to key key
of of proposition, proposition, value value the normal beyond beyond Lack Lack rate rate method; card card
Inability Inability for for that that of of investment demonstrate demonstrate return they stations stations entities to to on on
advertise; advertise; approaching approaching to to are are
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
sector w and indicates is, production, multiple or elements the rn that funded promoting into Africa include below. building factored having which be programming South run? stations administered? in table These of so capacity be role long organizations spite if in the it television, implemented important broadcasting the should Africa. in support, in and Support illustrated in and underway? be funding sustainable how challenges it South community production an technical should Institutional being amendment; community play to are approach in process be These how currently agencies other and broadcasting and to for and order infrastructure training. fund institutions development should and Broadcasting legislative jurisdictions' fund, programmes and in special capacity government how this organizations and 3 MARCH 2017 3 MARCH GAZETTE, GOVERNMENT community training a in a of building funding, policy This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za require other stations warrant covered elements Community the 34 32 33 by organizations, of broadcasting to capacity would Question of Question Question of analysis supported the similarities be this facilitating sources covering range should Given Does This and 8.2 An A No. 40660 252
253
of 0 challenges stations stations constitution building include: v and Broadcasting within for Broadcasting Funding Broadcasting Department adequacy Canada Media funding No. 40660 based facilitate all capacity Independent stakeholders of Culture, associated across proper Fund Heritage the stations. government Aboriginal Body (CBF) Radio consider and for and transparently and (DCMS) Canadian Responsible funding; - Francophone Department Community Programme Community Community Foundation Foundation addressing the compliance funding Northern compliance and Quebec Ofcom Sport by CRTC to Body The to structures; important made overarching approach for priority communities Aboriginal federal (BRACS) Canada news, emerging and costs, special Fund, operational running and building Africa, incentivize Broadcasting incentivize suggestion consistently local 2017 3 MAART and the of technology, Broadcasting four it Scheme management capacity start-up South for for structured Fund replacement review, through namely, minority an funding injection music, on to the (funding the to Radio Funding Aboriginal to in and focuses programmes via structure TV applied areas, programmes covers framework implemented this of on sustainability capital for and government Community Community community distribution community equipment Some focus and stations) needs; of of projects Remote scheme funding funding (CRFC) mainly centralized Initial Form subsidy context DCH governance and subsidy support sector. their funding sustainability; This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za these being and annual the this Kingdom on graded a Having Funding programmes aligning based the in Using for However, An Australia of strategy A Country Canada United 4 Table and STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
254 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
Strategic Strategic partnerships between between regional commercial public public broadcasters and and
for for upskill upskill with -functional technical technical maintenance assist assist and and to to mentor, mentor, non non
community community stations.
the the time of this the of Communications Communications research research Department Department At At reviewing its was was
Community Community Support Draft Community Support Support Broadcasting Broadcasting Scheme. Scheme. The Radio Radio
that that order order this this document document indicates to to amongst others, include include Discussion Discussion in in was was
"provide "provide the the objective, Community Community clarity Television Television regarding nature and and and and
for for for for criteria criteria the the support, including clear value proposition funding public public ". ". a a
that that of of the provides provides consider by by This This made made opportunity opportunity to to suggestion were were some some an an
to to institutional institutional relation relation funding support. Although funding stakeholders stakeholders models models and and in in
within within the ambit of the the Authority's the current the the not not fall of mandate, results results do do
the the review review to recommendations Minister Minister of Communications to to make make to to be be used can can
the the consider consider reviewing reviewing scheme. scheme. in in
Question Question 35 35
of of major consistently consistently highlighted the the of Stakeholders Stakeholders capacity have have lack lack source source as as
further further the the they problems problems broadcasting broadcasting experienced experienced by by community community sector, sector,
joint joint of of interventions initiatives, number number including including accredited proposed proposed courses courses a a
mentorship. mentorship. and and
Authority Authority training training the the the What What encouraging encouraging standards role role have have should should a) a) in in in in
community community broadcasting broadcasting sector?
the the Department of What What Communications, state role role should owned owned b) b)
for for enterprises enterprises involved involved agencies agencies and and in in support support community programmes programmes
training/ training/ stations stations defining defining the the Sentech) play play (such (such and and Nemisa Nemisa in in MDDA, MDDA, as as
for for community community strategies strategies the capacity capacity building broadcasting sector? sector?
the the public What What commercial commercial broadcasting service should should play play role role and and c) c) in in
community community broadcasting broadcasting sector capacity building? v f+
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
255
lack address compliance to N into the governance, also funding and concerns. research. V V Authority highlight accountability by Authority research exacerbated No. 40660 and to the these order addressing building the research corporate in the The identified address in for financial by strategies. actions are necessary capacity conducted this in of These to deficiencies expands of governance, lack remedial framework findings support, Africa. diversification be from research Authority regard. may provide operational South The emanate 2017 3 MAART current corporate institutional it Africa. a this sector, in the on must revenue broadcasting the in based challenges that and South to guidelines framework this review relating concerted licensing resources is and with in document participation. broadcasting to community guidelines sector's or capacity associated need regulatory, new This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za a regulations and of the Conclusion a lack time discussion this thus management regulatory for Specifically, community community challenges out above the that consider strategy is points There Given The fact the 9. of STAATSKOERANT, STAATSKOERANT,
258 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
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This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
STAATSKOERANT, 3 MAART 2017 No. 40660 259
14.Regulations 14.Regulations Procedures Procedures and and of of respect respect Applications, Processes Processes in in on on
Amendments, Amendments, Transfer Transfer of Surrender Surrender Renewals, Renewals, Licences Licences and and and Class Class
for for Authorizations Authorizations Applications Applications Special Special of of Temporary Temporary the the Terms Terms Electronic Electronic in in
Government Government Communications Communications Act, 2005 published in in 33297, 33297, Gazette Gazette were were
2010. 2010. dated dated June June 14 14
Regulations Regulations published 15.General 15.General License License Fees Fees Government Government 2012, 2012, Gazette Gazette in in No. No.
(Amendment (Amendment published published 36323 36323 dated 2013 28 28 March March Government Government Gazette Gazette in in
37521, 37521, dated April 2014). 02 02 No. No.
of of of of applications applications 16.ICASA 16.ICASA for for moratorium moratorium community community terms terms Notice Notice class class in in
broadcasting broadcasting sound sound licensees licensees for for frequency frequency applications applications service service and and spectrum spectrum
for for of of providing providing community community broadcasting broadcasting service, Government purposes purposes a a
Government Government of of Gazette Gazette 39226, 2015. Notice Notice 918
for for under under regarding regarding Standard Conditions Regulations Regulations Terms Terms and and Licences Licences Class Class 17. 17.
of of the Government Government Chapter Chapter 33296, Gazette Gazette published published dated dated ACT, ACT, in in 3 3 EC EC No No
2010. 2010. June June 14 14
18.Digital 18.Digital Migration Regulations Regulations published Government Government Gazette Gazette 2012 2012 in No. No. were were
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of of Digital Digital 19.The 19.The and and Terrestrial Terrestrial Diversity Diversity Competition Competition Television Television Promotion Promotion on on
Regulations Regulations published Government Government 37929 37929 2014 2014 Gazette Gazette dated dated 22 22 No. No. in in were were
August August 2014. 2014.
20.Compliance 20.Compliance Procedure Procedure Regulations Regulations 2011 published Manual Manual in in were were
Government Government 34863, 34863, Gazette Gazette December dated dated No. No. 15 15 2011. 2011.
21.Internal 21.Internal Report Report Research Research interventions interventions to support Community Community necessary necessary on on
the the Authority 2015/16. 2015/16. the the Broadcasting Broadcasting by by in in
of of 22.The 22.The Broadcasting Act Act 1999 1999 4 4 No No
Broadcasting: Broadcasting: Radio Radio of of 23.Community 23.Community October October 2008. Practice. Practice. 23 Codes Codes Page Page 2.
the the Community Community Standard: Standard: 24.Meeting 24.Meeting Broadcasting Broadcasting The The and ACMA's ACMA's ACMA ACMA
from, from, Safeguards Safeguards Section. Retrieved
/ / /webwr/ /webwr/ http: http: /www.acma.gov.au /www.acma.gov.au %20b %20b /The_ACMAs_Commu /The_ACMAs_Commu case° case° 1o20studies
nity_ nity_ Broadcasting Broadcasting _Section_Case_Study.docx.
25.Community 25.Community Television Television Broadcasting: of of 2011. 2011. 2009 2009 Practice. Practice. June Codes Codes
This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za
260 No. 40660 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 3 MARCH 2017
-622 -622 -1; Community 2010, 2010, Broadcasting Regulatory 2010 2010 26.CRTC, 26.CRTC, Policy CRTC CRTC
Television Television Policy Policy
-499, -499, 2010, 2010, Regulatory Regulatory 2010 2010 The The Broadcasting Campus Campus and and 27.CRTC, 27.CRTC, Policy Policy CRTC CRTC
Community Community Policy; Policy; Radio Radio
28.Except 28.Except the conditions conditions when when specified license in in
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