Volume 3, Appendix F
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"National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment. -
The Role of the Brown Bear Ursus Arctos As Seed Disperser: a Case Study with the Bilberry Vaccinium Myrtillus
The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as seed disperser: a case study with the bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus Rola niedźwiedzia brunatnego Ursus arctos w rozprzestrzenianiu nasion: studium przypadku na przykładzie borówki czarnej Vaccinium myrtillus PhD thesis Alberto García-Rodríguez Kraków, 2021 To the memory of José Ignacio and Javier Rodríguez Val Female brown bear with two cubs of the year feeding on bilberry fruits in Tatra National Park (July 2020) “They thought they were burying you, they did not know they were burying a seed” Ernesto Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest, poet and politician PhD CANDIDATE mgr. ALBERTO GARCÍA-RODRÍGUEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland SUPERVISOR dr. hab. NURIA SELVA FERNÁNDEZ Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Krakow, Poland CO-SUPERVISOR dr. JÖRG ALBRECHT Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F) Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The PhD thesis was prepared during doctoral studies in the Doctoral Study of Natural Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Kraków. CONTENTS SUMMARY…………..……………..…………………………...………………………………………………...5 STRESZCZENIE……...………….……………………………………………………………………………….8 INTRODUCTION……………………...………………………………………………….……………………...11 PAPER I The role of the brown bear Ursus arctos as a legitimate megafaunal seed disperser………………..…30 PAPER II The bear-berry connection: ecological and management implications of -
(Apidae, Bombus Spp.) by the Invasive Pitcher Plant Sarracenia Purpurea
Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2017) 11:79–88 DOI 10.1007/s11829-016-9468-2 ORIGINAL PAPER Exploring the predation of UK bumblebees (Apidae, Bombus spp.) by the invasive pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea: examining the effects of annual variation, seasonal variation, plant density and bumblebee gender 1 2 1 Elizabeth Franklin • Damian Evans • Ann Thornton • 3 1 1 Chris Moody • Iain Green • Anita Diaz Received: 31 July 2015 / Accepted: 14 October 2016 / Published online: 26 November 2016 Ó The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Invasive carnivorous plant species can impact including that the bumblebees may be using S. purpurea as the native invertebrate communities on which they prey. a resource. Further work is required to establish the exact This article explores the predation of native UK bumble- underpinning mechanisms and the relative roles of plant bees (Bombus spp.) by the invasive pitcher plant species and bumblebee behaviour within the relationship. Such Sarracenia purpurea and discusses the potential effect of S. interaction complexity may have consequences for con- purpurea on native bumblebees. Specifically, it evaluates sideration in invasive carnivorous plant management. whether the extent to which bumblebees are captured varies (i) over successive years, (ii) across June and July, Keywords Pitcher plants Á Bumblebees Á Invasive Á (iii) with density of distribution of pitchers or (iv) with Pollinators bumblebee gender. Pitcher contents were examined from an established population of Sarracenia purpurea growing in Dorset, UK. Results show that the total extent to which Introduction bumblebees were captured differed over the years 2012–2014 inclusive. -
Checklist of Common Native Plants the Diversity of Acadia National Park Is Refl Ected in Its Plant Life; More Than 1,100 Plant Species Are Found Here
National Park Service Acadia U.S. Department of the Interior Acadia National Park Checklist of Common Native Plants The diversity of Acadia National Park is refl ected in its plant life; more than 1,100 plant species are found here. This checklist groups the park’s most common plants into the communities where they are typically found. The plant’s growth form is indicated by “t” for trees and “s” for shrubs. To identify unfamiliar plants, consult a fi eld guide or visit the Wild Gardens of Acadia at Sieur de Monts Spring, where more than 400 plants are labeled and displayed in their habitats. All plants within Acadia National Park are protected. Please help protect the park’s fragile beauty by leaving plants in the condition that you fi nd them. Deciduous Woods ash, white t Fraxinus americana maple, mountain t Acer spicatum aspen, big-toothed t Populus grandidentata maple, red t Acer rubrum aspen, trembling t Populus tremuloides maple, striped t Acer pensylvanicum aster, large-leaved Aster macrophyllus maple, sugar t Acer saccharum beech, American t Fagus grandifolia mayfl ower, Canada Maianthemum canadense birch, paper t Betula papyrifera oak, red t Quercus rubra birch, yellow t Betula alleghaniesis pine, white t Pinus strobus blueberry, low sweet s Vaccinium angustifolium pyrola, round-leaved Pyrola americana bunchberry Cornus canadensis sarsaparilla, wild Aralia nudicaulis bush-honeysuckle s Diervilla lonicera saxifrage, early Saxifraga virginiensis cherry, pin t Prunus pensylvanica shadbush or serviceberry s,t Amelanchier spp. cherry, choke t Prunus virginiana Solomon’s seal, false Maianthemum racemosum elder, red-berried or s Sambucus racemosa ssp. -
Jacqueline Marie Dennett
Search and rescue: detection and mitigation of rare vascular plant species by Jacqueline Marie Dennett A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conservation Biology Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta © Jacqueline Marie Dennett, 2018 Abstract Understanding where and when populations occur is the first step to conservation and maintenance of biodiversity. Where human land-use overlaps with populations of conservation concern, population loss may occur, potentially reducing long-term persistence of species, particularly for those that are rare. Understanding the relationship between land-use change and extirpation is therefore essential to guiding conservation, but this can only be achieved through well-designed surveys and monitoring programs. One key aspect of surveys that is often overlooked is the ability to accurately and consistently detect populations, while the success of mitigation practices depends on a clear understanding of what techniques will best ensure the longevity of a given population. In this thesis, I examined factors that affect detection, extirpation of historic populations, and the efficacy of mitigative translocations for rare vascular plants in the oil sands region of Alberta. First, I used two field experiments to better understand and test the effects of scale (1 – 2500 m2), abundance (plant density), and observer experience on detection rates of rare plants in forested systems. Scale and abundance were the most important determinants of detection for plot-based surveys, whereas previous experience of the observer had limited influence. Plants at low abundance often went unrecorded in large plots (>1000 m2), even when they were morphologically distinct or flowering. -
Coptis Trifolia Conservation Assessment
CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT for Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Originally issued as Management Recommendations December 1998 Marty Stein Reconfigured-January 2005 Tracy L. Fuentes USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR COPTIS TRIFOLIA Table of Contents Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 4 I. NATURAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 6 A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 6 B. Species Description ........................................................................................................... 6 1. Morphology ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reproductive Biology.................................................................................................... 7 3. Ecological Roles ............................................................................................................. 7 C. Range and Sites -
Prepared For: Prepared By
PDF Page 1 of 29 APPENDIX F TERA Vegetation Survey Results Summary PDF Page 2 of 29 VEGETATION SUMMARY REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. NORTH MONTNEY MAINLINE (AITKEN CREEK SECTION) March 2013 8860 Prepared for: Prepared by: NOVA Gas transmission Ltd. A Wholly Owned Subsidiary of TransCanada PipeLines Limited TERA Environmental Consultants Calgary, Alberta Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Ph: 403-265-2885 PDF Page 3 of 29 NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Vegetation Summary Report North Montney Mainline (Aitken Creek Section) March 2013/8860 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Project Details ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Ecosystem Classification .................................................................................................... 3 2.0 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Study Area Boundaries ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Desktop Review .................................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Field Data Collection .......................................................................................................... -
Native Ground Covers & Low-Grows
Native Ground Covers & Low-Grows For the Sun Anemone canadensis (Canada windflower) Antennaria spp. (pussy toes) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry) Campanula rotundifolia (thread leaf bellflower) Cheilanthes lanosa (hairy lip fern) Coreopsis spp. (tickseed) Dodecatheon meadia (shooting star) Drosera spp. (sundew) Empetrum nigrum (black crow berry) Eragrostis spectabilis (purple love grass) Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) Geum spp. (prairie smoke) Houstonia caerulea (bluets) Hypoxis hirsuta (yellow star grass) Iris cristata (dwarf iris) Juniperus communis (common juniper) Juniperus horizontalis (creeping juniper) Meehania cordata (creeping mint) Mitella diphylla (bishop’s cap) Opuntia humifusa (prickly pear) Paxistima canbyi (cliff green) Phlox subulata (moss phlox) Polemonium spp. (Jacob’s ladder) Sarracenia purpurea (pitcher plant) Sedum nevii (stonecrop) Sedum ternatum (stonecrop) Courtesy of Dan Jaffe Propagator and Stock Bed Grower New England Wild Flower Society [email protected] Native Ground Covers & Low-Grows Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (three toothed cinquefoil) Silene spp. (campion) Sisyrinchium angustifolium (blue eyed grass) Stokesia laevis (Stokes aster) Talinum calycinum (fame flower) Tellima grandiflora (frigecups) Uvularia sessifolia (bellflower) Vaccinium angustifolium (low-bush blueberry) Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) Vaccinium vitis-idaea(mountain cranberry) Viola pedata (birds-foot violet) For the Shade Anemone spp. (Hepatica) Allium tricoccum (ramps) Asarum spp. (wild ginger) Asplenium spp. (spleenwort) Carex spp. (sedge) Chamaepericlymenum canadense (bunchberry) Chimaphila maculata (spotted wintergreen) Chrysogonum virginianum (green and gold) Claytonia virginica (spring beauty) Clintonia borealis (blue bead lily) Coptis trifolia (goldthread) Dicentra canadensis (squirrel corn) Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchmen’s breaches) Epigaea repens (mayflower) Courtesy of Dan Jaffe Propagator and Stock Bed Grower New England Wild Flower Society [email protected] Native Ground Covers & Low-Grows Erythronium spp. -
Chapter Vii Table of Contents
CHAPTER VII TABLE OF CONTENTS VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED........................................................................1 Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases......................................................................1 Appendix 2: Suggested Stocking Levels......................................................................................8 Appendix 3: Known Plants of the Desolation Watershed.........................................................15 Literature Cited............................................................................................................................25 CHAPTER VII - APPENDICES & REFERENCES - DESOLATION ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS i VII. APPENDICES AND REFERENCES CITED Appendix 1: Description of Vegetation Databases Vegetation data for the Desolation ecosystem analysis was stored in three different databases. This document serves as a data dictionary for the existing vegetation, historical vegetation, and potential natural vegetation databases, as described below: • Interpretation of aerial photography acquired in 1995, 1996, and 1997 was used to characterize existing (current) conditions. The 1996 and 1997 photography was obtained after cessation of the Bull and Summit wildfires in order to characterize post-fire conditions. The database name is: 97veg. • Interpretation of late-1930s and early-1940s photography was used to characterize historical conditions. The database name is: 39veg. • The potential natural vegetation was determined for each polygon in the analysis -
Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes
Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Janice M. Glime Introduction Several attempts have been made to persuade geologists to use bryophytes for mineral prospecting. A general lack of commercial value, small size, and R. R. Brooks (1972) recommended bryophytes as guides inconspicuous place in the ecosystem have made the to mineralization, and D. C. Smith (1976) subsequently bryophytes appear to be of no use to most people. found good correlation between metal distribution in However, Stone Age people living in what is now mosses and that of stream sediments. Smith felt that Germany once collected the moss Neckera crispa bryophytes could solve three difficulties that are often (G. Grosse-Brauckmann 1979). Other scattered bits of associated with stream sediment sampling: shortage of evidence suggest a variety of uses by various cultures sediments, shortage of water for wet sieving, and shortage around the world (J. M. Glime and D. Saxena 1991). of time for adequate sampling of areas with difficult Now, contemporary plant scientists are considering access. By using bryophytes as mineral concentrators, bryophytes as sources of genes for modifying crop plants samples from numerous small streams in an area could to withstand the physiological stresses of the modern be pooled to provide sufficient material for analysis. world. This is ironic since numerous secondary compounds Subsequently, H. T. Shacklette (1984) suggested using make bryophytes unpalatable to most discriminating tastes, bryophytes for aquatic prospecting. With the exception and their nutritional value is questionable. of copper mosses (K. G. Limpricht [1885–]1890–1903, vol. 3), there is little evidence of there being good species to serve as indicators for specific minerals. -
Vermont Natural Community Types
Synonymy of Vermont Natural Community Types with National Vegetation Classification Associations Eric Sorenson and Bob Zaino Natural Heritage Inventory Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department October 17, 2019 Vermont Natural Community Type Patch State National and International Vegetation Classification. NatureServe. 2019. Size Rank NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest Formation Subalpine Krummholz S S1 Picea mariana - Abies balsamea / Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Shrubland (CEGL006038); (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea) / Kalmia angustifolia - Ledum groenlandicum Dwarf-shrubland Montane Spruce-Fir Forest L-M S3 Picea rubens - Abies balsamea - Sorbus americana Forest (CEGL006128) Variant: Montane Fir Forest L-M S3 Abies balsamea - (Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia) Forest (CEGL006112) Variant: Montane Spruce Forest Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest L-M S3 Picea mariana - Picea rubens / Pleurozium schreberi Forest (CEGL006361) Variant: Well-Drained Lowland Spruce- L S2 Picea rubens - Abies balsamea - Betula papyrifera Forest (CEGL006273); Fir Forest Picea mariana - Picea rubens / Rhododendron canadense / Cladina spp. Woodland (CEGL006421) Montane Yellow Birch-Red Spruce Forest M S3 Betula alleghaniensis - Picea rubens / Dryopteris campyloptera Forest (CEGL006267) Variant: Montane Yellow Birch-Sugar L S3 Maple-Red Spruce Forest Red Spruce-Northern Hardwood Forest M S5 Betula alleghaniensis - Picea rubens / Dryopteris campyloptera Forest (CEGL006267) Red Spruce-Heath -
Prepared For: Prepared By
RARE PLANT SURVEY FOR THE PROPOSED NOVA GAS TRANSMISSION LTD. KEARL EXTENSION PIPELINE PROJECT August 2010 6426 Prepared for: Prepared by: NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. A Wholly-Owned Subsidiary of TERA Environmental Consultants TransCanada PipeLines Limited Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Calgary, Alberta Ph: 403-265-2885 NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Rare Plant Survey Kearl Lake Pipeline Project August 2010 / 6426 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Ecosystem Classification .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Pre-Field Assessment......................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Study Area Boundaries ....................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Rare Plant Surveys ............................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Non-Native and Invasive Species....................................................................................... 5 3.0