DOCSLIB.ORG

Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Economic and Ethnic Uses of Bryophytes Janice M. Glime Introduction Several attempts have been made to persuade geologists to use bryophytes for mineral prospecting. A general lack of commercial value, small size, and R. R. Brooks (1972) recommended bryophytes as guides inconspicuous place in the ecosystem have made the to mineralization, and D. C. Smith (1976) subsequently bryophytes appear to be of no use to most people. found good correlation between metal distribution in However, Stone Age people living in what is now mosses and that of stream sediments. Smith felt that Germany once collected the moss Neckera crispa bryophytes could solve three difficulties that are often (G. Grosse-Brauckmann 1979). Other scattered bits of associated with stream sediment sampling: shortage of evidence suggest a variety of uses by various cultures sediments, shortage of water for wet sieving, and shortage around the world (J. M. Glime and D. Saxena 1991). of time for adequate sampling of areas with difficult Now, contemporary plant scientists are considering access. By using bryophytes as mineral concentrators, bryophytes as sources of genes for modifying crop plants samples from numerous small streams in an area could to withstand the physiological stresses of the modern be pooled to provide sufficient material for analysis. world. This is ironic since numerous secondary compounds Subsequently, H. T. Shacklette (1984) suggested using make bryophytes unpalatable to most discriminating tastes, bryophytes for aquatic prospecting. With the exception and their nutritional value is questionable. of copper mosses (K. G. Limpricht [1885–]1890–1903, vol. 3), there is little evidence of there being good species to serve as indicators for specific minerals. Copper mosses Ecological Uses grow almost exclusively in areas high in copper, particularly in copper sulfate. O. Mårtensson and A. Berggren (1954) and H. Persson (1956) have reported Indicator Species substrate copper values of 30–770 ppm for some of the copper moss taxa, such as Mielichhoferia elongata, Both liverworts and mosses are often good indicators of M. mielichhoferi, and Scopelophila. environmental conditions. In Finland, A. K. Cajander Although no bryophyte seems to be restricted to (1926) used terrestrial bryophytes and other plants to substrates containing iron, photosynthesizing bryophytes characterize forest types. Their value as indicator species have the ability to change soluble reduced iron to its was soon supported by A. H. Brinkman (1929) and insoluble oxidized form and make this molecule visible. P. W. Richards (1932). Yet, bryophytes have a somewhat A. Taylor (1919) discovered that iron compounds different place in ecosystems than their tracheophyte penetrated the tissues of Brachythecium rivulare and neighbors. 14 ECONOMIC AND ETHNIC USES 15 formed a hard tufa; J. M. Glime and R. E. Keen (1984) assemblages. L. F. Klinger et al. (1990) have suggested found a similar response in Fontinalis, where iron oxide that in the Holocene, succession went from woodland to completely enveloped the moss in a hard cover. M. peatland, with peat serving as a wick to draw up water Shiikawa (1956, 1959, 1960, 1962) found that the and raise the water level, causing woodland roots to liverwort Jungermannia vulcanicola and mosses became water-logged. In New England, N. G. Miller Sphagnum and Polytrichum play active roles in deposition (1993) used bryophytes to support conclusions that the of iron ore. Since Japan has few native sources of usable flora during 13,500 to 11,500 BP had been tundra-like iron, S. Ijiri and M. Minato (1965) suggested producing vegetation similar to that presently in the Arctic. limonite ore artificially by cultivation of bryophytes in fields near iron-rich springs. One of the means by which bryophytes sequester both Erosion Control metals and nutrients is to bind them by cation exchange to cell walls of leaves. In this process, Sphagnum places Although legumes with their nitrogen-fixing symbionts hydrogen ions in the water in exchange for cations such are usually planted to secure areas devoid of topsoil, as calcium, magnesium, and sodium (R. S. Clymo 1963). H. S. Conard (1935) suggested that sowing spores and Hydrogen ions make the water more acidic, and most vegetative fragments of bryophytes on bare areas could peatland ecologists argue that this is the primary means help to prevent erosion. In his home state of Iowa, by which bogs and poor fens are made more acidic. Conard found that Barbula, Bryum, and Weissia were While Sphagnum is a reliable indicator of acid important pioneers on new roadbanks, helping to control conditions, K. Dierssen (1973) found that several other erosion there before larger plants became established. The bryophytes successfully indicate other soil conditions. For protonemata that develop from both fragments and example, Ceratodon purpureus suggests good drainage spores form mats that cover and bind exposed substrates and high amounts of nitrogen, whereas Aulacomnium (W. H. Welch 1948). In Japan, Atrichum, Pogonatum, palustre, Pleurozium schreberi, Pogonatum alpinum, and Pohlia, Trematodon, Blasia, and Nardia play a role in Pogonatum urnigerum signal less nitrogen, at least in preventing erosion of banks (H. Ando 1957). Even areas Iceland. Funaria hygrometrica, Leptobryum pyriforme, subject to trampling, such as trails, may be protected from and Pohlia cruda show good base saturation, whereas erosion by trample-resistant bryophyte taxa, and by those Psilopilum laevigatum indicates poor base saturation and with high regenerative ability (S. M. Studlar 1980). poor physical soil condition. On the other hand, when bryophytes such as T. Simon (1975) demonstrated that bryophytes could Sphagnum reach water saturation, they can suddenly be used as indicators of soil quality in steppe forests, but release a great load of water at unexpected times. Because their absorption primarily of rain and atmospheric water of its tremendous water-holding capacity, Sphagnum, makes few of them useful as pH indicators. H. A. Crum along with Calliergon sarmentosum, controls water (1973) considered Polytrichum to be a good acid during spring runoff in the Arctic (W. C. Oechel and indicator; its ability to live on acid soils may be facilitated B. Sveinbjornsson 1978). When Sphagnum is saturated by vascular tissue (hydroids and leptoids) in its stem. The and the layer above the permafrost melts, mosses rhizoids at its base probably enhance uptake of water suddenly permit a vast volume of water to escape all at and nutrients from soil. Leucobryum likewise indicates once, creating problems for road-building engineers. acid soil, usually combined with dry, infertile, deep humus (T. A. Spies and B. V. Barnes 1985). Recently, bryophytes have been used as indicators of Nitrogen Fixation past climate. Although peatlands and their preserved flora and even their fauna have long revealed the past, Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for plant growth, we can now use bryophyte assemblages to expose past especially in agriculture. Bryophyte crusts, endowed with climatic and hydrologic regimes. Understanding how nitrogen-fixing Cyanobacteria, can contribute levels of evaporation and precipitation determine considerable soil nitrogen, particularly to dry rangeland composition of Sphagnum communities permits us to use soils. Some of these Cyanobacteria behave symbiotically subfossil Sphagnum and other moss assemblages to in Anthoceros (D. K. Saxena 1981), taking nitrogen from identify past climates (E. A. Romanova 1965; the atmosphere and converting it to ammonia and amino J. A. Janssens 1988). In another example, presence of acids. The excess fixed nitrogen is released to the such drought-tolerant species as Tortella flavovirens in substrate where it can be used by other organisms. subfossils indicates past dry climatic conditions in some K. T. Harper and J. R. Marble (1988) found that areas of the Netherlands (H. Nichols 1969; J. Wiegers bryophyte crusts not only help protect soil from wind and B. Van Geel 1983). and water erosion, and provide homes for nitrogen-fixing Similarly, our understanding of past vegetation is organisms, but they facilitate absorption and retention enhanced by information about past bryophyte of water as well. 16 ECONOMIC AND ETHNIC USES FIGURE 6. Polytrichum juniperinum is an ubiquitous, tall moss that holds soil in place, looks like a small tree in a dish garden, and is strong enough to make brooms, baskets, and door mats. Photo by Janice Glime. U. Granhall and T. Lindberg (1978) reported high to various levels of SO2, he determined that most species nitrogen fixation rates (0.8–3.8 g m-2 y-1) in Sphagnum are injured by 10–40 hours of exposure at 0.8 ppm SO2, communities in a mixed pine and spruce forest in central or at 0.4 ppm after 20–80 hours. Since that time, use of Sweden; thus bryophytes, as substrate for nitrogen-fixing the bryometer has spread around the world, but has been organisms, are important to the forestry industry. In of especial value in Europe, where it has also been known Sphagnum, and probably other taxa as well, three types as a moss bag. In Finland, A. Makinen (unpubl.) used of nitrogen-fixing associations exist: epiphytic Hylocomium splendens moss bags to monitor heavy Cyanobacteria, intracellular Cyanobacteria, and metals around a coal-fired plant. D. R. Crump and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (U. Granhall and H. Selander P. J. Barlow (1980) have likewise used the method to 1973; U. Granhall and A. V. Hofston 1976). Nitrogen- assess lead uptake. fixing Cyanobacteria of bryophyte species also provide growth enhancement for oil-seed rape, the supply plant for canola oil (D. L. N. Rao and R. G. Burns 1990). SO2 and Acid Rain While North Americans have apparently not adopted the Pollution Studies bryometer per se, they began using bryophytes for monitoring relatively early. In 1963, A. G. Gordon and Bryophytes have played a major role in monitoring E. Gorham published what seems to be the first North changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. Working in Japan, American study on the effects of pollutants on mosses, H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Translocation and Transport
    Glime, J. M. 2017. Nutrient Relations: Translocation and Transport. Chapt. 8-5. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. 8-5-1 Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 17 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 8-5 NUTRIENT RELATIONS: TRANSLOCATION AND TRANSPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Translocation and Transport ................................................................................................................................ 8-5-2 Movement from Older to Younger Tissues .................................................................................................. 8-5-6 Directional Differences ................................................................................................................................ 8-5-8 Species Differences ...................................................................................................................................... 8-5-8 Mechanisms of Transport .................................................................................................................................... 8-5-9 Source to Sink? ............................................................................................................................................ 8-5-9 Enrichment Effects ..................................................................................................................................... 8-5-10 Internal Transport
    [Show full text]
  • Flora of New Zealand Mosses
    FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES FUNARIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 45 – APRIL 2019 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2019. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: “Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research” Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: “Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research” See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951– Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 45, Funariaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2019. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-58-3 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1.Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.344.55(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/B15MZ6 This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2019: Funariaceae. In: Smissen, R.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 45. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/B15MZ6 Date submitted: 25 Oct 2017; Date accepted: 2 Jul 2018 Cover image: Entosthodon radians, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from A.J. Fife 5882, CHR 104422. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Coptis Trifolia Conservation Assessment
    CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT for Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. Originally issued as Management Recommendations December 1998 Marty Stein Reconfigured-January 2005 Tracy L. Fuentes USDA Forest Service Region 6 and USDI Bureau of Land Management, Oregon and Washington CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT FOR COPTIS TRIFOLIA Table of Contents Page List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. 2 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ 2 Summary........................................................................................................................................ 4 I. NATURAL HISTORY............................................................................................................. 6 A. Taxonomy and Nomenclature.......................................................................................... 6 B. Species Description ........................................................................................................... 6 1. Morphology ................................................................................................................... 6 2. Reproductive Biology.................................................................................................... 7 3. Ecological Roles ............................................................................................................. 7 C. Range and Sites
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Study of Bryophytes in a Subtropical Forest of Nabeup-Ri at Aewol Gotjawal, Jejudo Island
    − pISSN 1225-8318 Korean J. Pl. Taxon. 48(1): 100 108 (2018) eISSN 2466-1546 https://doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2018.48.1.100 Korean Journal of ORIGINAL ARTICLE Plant Taxonomy Floristic study of bryophytes in a subtropical forest of Nabeup-ri at Aewol Gotjawal, Jejudo Island Eun-Young YIM* and Hwa-Ja HYUN Warm Temperate and Subtropical Forest Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Seogwipo 63582, Korea (Received 24 February 2018; Revised 26 March 2018; Accepted 29 March 2018) ABSTRACT: This study presents a survey of bryophytes in a subtropical forest of Nabeup-ri, known as Geumsan Park, located at Aewol Gotjawal in the northwestern part of Jejudo Island, Korea. A total of 63 taxa belonging to Bryophyta (22 families 37 genera 44 species), Marchantiophyta (7 families 11 genera 18 species), and Antho- cerotophyta (1 family 1 genus 1 species) were determined, and the liverwort index was 30.2%. The predominant life form was the mat form. The rates of bryophytes dominating in mesic to hygric sites were higher than the bryophytes mainly observed in xeric habitats. These values indicate that such forests are widespread in this study area. Moreover, the rock was the substrate type, which plays a major role in providing micro-habitats for bryophytes. We suggest that more detailed studies of the bryophyte flora should be conducted on a regional scale to provide basic data for selecting indicator species of Gotjawal and evergreen broad-leaved forests on Jejudo Island. Keywords: bryophyte, Aewol Gotjawal, liverwort index, life-form Jejudo Island was formed by volcanic activities and has geological, ecological, and cultural aspects (Jeong et al., 2013; unique topological and geological features.
    [Show full text]
  • STUTTGARTER BEITRÄGE ZUR NATURKUNDE Ser
    download Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ Stuttgarter Beitrage zur Naturkunde 3V< .... f Serie A (Biologie) 1^ Vt" Herausgeber: Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk. Ser. A Nr. 589 15 S. Stuttgart, 10. 8. 1999 New Views on the Relationships among European Pleurocarpous Mosses By Lars Hedenäs, Stockholm With 2 figures Summary An overview is given of the results of higher level cladistic studies of pleurocarpous moss- es, and the implications of these for the classification of severel larger families represented in Europe. Starting with the more ancestral taxa, the traditional Isobryales forms a basal grade, followed by another grade including taxa with capsules of Brachytbecwm-sha.pc. The latter grade includes taxa such as the Brachytheciaceae, Ctenidiaceae, and Hylocomiaceae, as well as the subfamily Heterocladioideae of the Thuidiaceae. The Amblystegiaceae, Rhytidiaceae, the temperate members of the Hypnaceae, and the Thuidiceae (excl. the Heterocladioideae) form a monophyletic group, with the Plagiotheciaecae as their sister group. The few European members of the Callicostaceae, Hokeriaceae, Leucomiaceae, and Sematophyllaceae belong to another monophyletic group with mainly tropical and subtropical members. The tropical members of the traditionally heterogeneous Hypnaceae are not closely related to the temper- ate members found in Europe. Zusammenfassung Die Arbeit stellt die Ergebnisse einer Stammbaumanalyse der Großgruppen pleurokarper Moose und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Einteilung einiger größerer in Europa vertretener Fa- milien dar. Wenn man mit den ursprünglichen Gruppen beginnt, stehen die Isobryales im her- kömmlichen Sinn an der Basis, darauf folgen als weitere Verwandschaftsgruppe die Vertreter mit Brachythecwm-artig gebauten Kapseln. Letztere umfaßt Gruppen wie die Brachythecia- ceae, Ctenidiaceae und Hylocomiaceae sowie die Unterfamilie Heterocladioideae der Thui- diaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • Keys for the Determination of Families of Pleurocarpous Mosses of Africa
    Keys for the determination of families of pleurocarpous mosses of Africa E. Petit Extracted from: Cléfs pour la determination des familles et des genres des mousses pleurocarpes (Musci) d'AfriqueBull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 48: 135-181 (1978) Translated by M.J.Wigginton, 36 Big Green, Warmington, Peterborough, PE and C.R. Stevenson, 111 Wootton Road, King's Lynn, Norfolk, PE The identification of tropical African mosses is fraught with difficulty, not least because of the sparseness of recent taxonomic literature. Even the determination of specimens to family or genus can be problematical. The paper by Petit (1978) is a valiant attempt to provide workable keys (and short descriptions) to all the families and genera of African pleurocarpous mosses, and remains the only such comprehensive treatment. Whilst the shortcomings of any such keys apply, the keys have nonetheless proved to be of assistance in placing specimens in taxonomic groups. However, for the non-French reader, the use of the keys can be a tedious business, necessitating frequent recourse to dictionaries and grammars. Members of the BBS have made collections in a number of tropical African countries in recent years, including on the BBS expedition to Malawi and privately to Madagascar, Tanzania and Zaire. This provided the impetus for making a translation of Petit's keys. Neither of us is an expert linguist, and doubtless in places, some of the subtleties of the language have escaped us. A rather free translation has sometimes proved necessary in order to give the sense of the text. Magill's Glossarium Polyglottum Bryologicae has been valuable in assisting with technical terms.
    [Show full text]
  • Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) from Northern Vietnam
    Phytotaxa 195 (2): 178–182 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.2.7 A new species of Neckera (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) from northern Vietnam JOHANNES ENROTH1* & ANDRIES TOUW2 1Department of Biosciences and Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Email: [email protected] (*corresponding author) 2Einsteinweg 2, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Abstract Neckera praetermissa Enroth & Touw spec. nov. (Neckeraceae) is described from northern Vietnam. It is morphologically closest to the SE Asian N. undulatifolia (Tix.) Enroth, with which it shares the similar, ovate-ligulate and symmetric leaves with coarsely dentate apices, and strongly incrassate and porose leaf cell walls. However, N. undulatifolia has the stems up to 10 cm long and a distinct costa reaching to 5/6 of leaf length, while the stems of N. praetermissa are to c. 3 cm long and the leaves are ecostate or with a weak costa reaching to 1/6 of leaf length at most. Key words: Taxonomy, Pleurocarpous mosses, New species, Tropics Introduction Based on genomic data, the systematics of the pleurocarpous moss family Neckeraceae has in the recent years undergone profound changes, reviewed by Enroth (2013). Olsson et al. (2009) showed that the family is divided into three well-supported clades that the authors called Neckera-clade, Thamnobryum-clade and Pinnatella-clade. At the genus level, several of the “traditional” genera, such as Porotrichum (Brid.) Hampe (1863: 154), Thamnobryum Nieuwland (1917: 50), Homalia Bridel (1827: xlvi, 325, 763, 807, 812), Pinnatella Fleischer (1906: 79), Neckera Hedwig (1801: 200–210) and Forsstroemia Lindberg (1863: 605) were shown to be poly- or paraphyletic, and as a result several new genera were erected (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Vermont Natural Community Types
    Synonymy of Vermont Natural Community Types with National Vegetation Classification Associations Eric Sorenson and Bob Zaino Natural Heritage Inventory Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department October 17, 2019 Vermont Natural Community Type Patch State National and International Vegetation Classification. NatureServe. 2019. Size Rank NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. Spruce-Fir-Northern Hardwood Forest Formation Subalpine Krummholz S S1 Picea mariana - Abies balsamea / Sibbaldiopsis tridentata Shrubland (CEGL006038); (Picea mariana, Abies balsamea) / Kalmia angustifolia - Ledum groenlandicum Dwarf-shrubland Montane Spruce-Fir Forest L-M S3 Picea rubens - Abies balsamea - Sorbus americana Forest (CEGL006128) Variant: Montane Fir Forest L-M S3 Abies balsamea - (Betula papyrifera var. cordifolia) Forest (CEGL006112) Variant: Montane Spruce Forest Lowland Spruce-Fir Forest L-M S3 Picea mariana - Picea rubens / Pleurozium schreberi Forest (CEGL006361) Variant: Well-Drained Lowland Spruce- L S2 Picea rubens - Abies balsamea - Betula papyrifera Forest (CEGL006273); Fir Forest Picea mariana - Picea rubens / Rhododendron canadense / Cladina spp. Woodland (CEGL006421) Montane Yellow Birch-Red Spruce Forest M S3 Betula alleghaniensis - Picea rubens / Dryopteris campyloptera Forest (CEGL006267) Variant: Montane Yellow Birch-Sugar L S3 Maple-Red Spruce Forest Red Spruce-Northern Hardwood Forest M S5 Betula alleghaniensis - Picea rubens / Dryopteris campyloptera Forest (CEGL006267) Red Spruce-Heath
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category
    [Show full text]
  • Volatile Concentrate from the Neotropical Moss Neckeropsis Undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, Existing in the Brazilian Amazon Thyago G
    Miranda et al. BMC Chemistry (2021) 15:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-021-00736-3 BMC Chemistry RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Volatile concentrate from the neotropical moss Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt, existing in the brazilian Amazon Thyago G. Miranda1, Raynon Joel M. Alves1, Ronilson F. de Souza2, José Guilherme S. Maia3, Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo2* and Ana Cláudia C. Tavares‑Martins1,2 Abstract Background: Many natural compounds have been identifed and synthesized by the advancement of bryophytes phytochemistry studies. This work aimed to report the composition of Neckeropsis undulata (Hedw.) Reichardt moss volatiles, sampled in the Combú Island, Belém city, Pará state, Brazil. The volatile concentrate of N. undulata was obtained by a simultaneous distillation‑extraction micro‑system, analyzed by GC and GC‑MS, and reported for the frst time. Results: Ten compounds were identifed in the volatile concentrate, corresponding to 91.6% of the total, being 1‑octen‑3‑ol (35.7%), α‑muurolol (21.4%), naphthalene (11.3%), and n‑hexanal (10.0 %) the main constituents. Most of the constituents of the N. undulata volatile concentrate have been previously identifed in other mosses, and liver‑ worts spread wide in the world. Conclusions: 1‑Octen‑3‑ol, n‑hexanal, 2‑ethylhexanol, isoamyl propionate, and octan‑3‑one are already known metabolic products obtained from enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, belonging to the large family of minor oxygenated compounds known as oxylipins. The knowledge of the composition of volatiles from moss N. undulata could contribute to the Neckeraceae species’ chemotaxonomy. Keywords: Neckeraceae, Volatile concentrate, 1‑octen‑3‑ol, α‑muurolol, n‑hexanal Background Brazil’s bryophyte fora comprises 1524 species, of which Bryophytes are small terrestrial spore-forming green 880 are mosses, 633 liverworts, and 11 hornworts.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with Emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium
    Molecular Phylogeny of Chinese Thuidiaceae with emphasis on Thuidium and Pelekium QI-YING, CAI1, 2, BI-CAI, GUAN2, GANG, GE2, YAN-MING, FANG 1 1 College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. 2 College of Life Science, Nanchang University, 330031 Nanchang, China. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present molecular phylogenetic investigation of Thuidiaceae, especially on Thudium and Pelekium. Three chloroplast sequences (trnL-F, rps4, and atpB-rbcL) and one nuclear sequence (ITS) were analyzed. Data partitions were analyzed separately and in combination by employing MP (maximum parsimony) and Bayesian methods. The influence of data conflict in combined analyses was further explored by two methods: the incongruence length difference (ILD) test and the partition addition bootstrap alteration approach (PABA). Based on the results, ITS 1& 2 had crucial effect in phylogenetic reconstruction in this study, and more chloroplast sequences should be combinated into the analyses since their stability for reconstructing within genus of pleurocarpous mosses. We supported that Helodiaceae including Actinothuidium, Bryochenea, and Helodium still attributed to Thuidiaceae, and the monophyletic Thuidiaceae s. lat. should also include several genera (or species) from Leskeaceae such as Haplocladium and Leskea. In the Thuidiaceae, Thuidium and Pelekium were resolved as two monophyletic groups separately. The results from molecular phylogeny were supported by the crucial morphological characters in Thuidiaceae s. lat., Thuidium and Pelekium. Key words: Thuidiaceae, Thuidium, Pelekium, molecular phylogeny, cpDNA, ITS, PABA approach Introduction Pleurocarpous mosses consist of around 5000 species that are defined by the presence of lateral perichaetia along the gametophyte stems. Monophyletic pleurocarpous mosses were resolved as three orders: Ptychomniales, Hypnales, and Hookeriales (Shaw et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Implications of a Peroxidase with High Affinity For
    plants Article Evolutionary Implications of a Peroxidase with High Affinity for Cinnamyl Alcohols from Physcomitrium patens, a Non-Vascular Plant Teresa Martínez-Cortés 1 , Federico Pomar 1 and Esther Novo-Uzal 2,* 1 Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain; [email protected] (T.M.-C.); [email protected] (F.P.) 2 Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens is a bryophyte highly tolerant to different stresses, allowing survival when water supply is a limiting factor. This moss lacks a true vascular system, but it has evolved a primitive water-conducting system that contains lignin-like polyphenols. By means of a three-step protocol, including ammonium sulfate precipitation, adsorption chromatography on phenyl Sepharose and cationic exchange chromatography on SP Sepharose, we were able to purify and further characterize a novel class III peroxidase, PpaPrx19, upregulated upon salt and H2O2 treatments. This peroxidase, of a strongly basic nature, shows surprising homology to angiosperm peroxidases related to lignification, despite the lack of true lignins in P. patens cell walls. Moreover, PpaPrx19 shows catalytic and kinetic properties typical of angiosperm peroxidases involved in Citation: Martínez-Cortés, T.; Pomar, F.; Novo-Uzal, E. Evolutionary oxidation of monolignols, being able to efficiently use hydroxycinnamyl alcohols as substrates. Our Implications of a Peroxidase with results pinpoint the presence in P. patens of peroxidases that fulfill the requirements to be involved in High Affinity for Cinnamyl Alcohols the last step of lignin biosynthesis, predating the appearance of true lignin.
    [Show full text]