DOCSLIB.ORG

Centaurea, Asteraceae) Via Scanning Electron Microscopy

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Centaurea, Asteraceae) Via Scanning Electron Microscopy Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2016) 40: 147-163 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1503-51 The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy 1 2, 2 2,3 2 2 Feyza CANDAN , Tuna UYSAL *, Osman TUGAY , Meryem BOZKURT , Kuddisi ERTUĞRUL , Hakkı DEMİRELMA 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey 3 Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey Received: 30.03.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 29.06.2015 Final Version: 09.02.2016 Abstract: In this study, the achene surfaces of 31 taxa belonging to the genus Centaurea L. were examined in detail by means of electron microscopy. The main aim of this study was to characterize the microsculpture of the achene surface of the Turkish species of Centaurea sect. Acrolophus (Cass.) DC. (Asteraceae). Detailed descriptions of the achene surface were given for each taxon and a fruitful dendrogram was established by numerical analyses derived from the determined micromorphological features. The relationships among the taxa studied were briefly assessed using this generated dendrogram. The results indicated that the examined taxa had very high variations regarding their achene surfaces and these variations have great importance in determining the taxonomic relationships of the discussed taxa. According to the results, pericarp texture and color could be used for taxonomical diagnosis of the Acrolophus species because they contain differences over a broad spectrum. The fruit coat was usually roguish and its ornamentation was fairly variable; therefore, this taxonomical microcharacter might also be useful in distinguishing closely related taxa. The hairiness of the surface of the pericarp was characteristic in all Acrolophus species and it would be evaluated as a decisive micromorphological character of the section within the genus. Key words: Taxonomy, Centaurea, Acrolophus, Asteraceae, fruit surface, endemic, micromorphology, Turkey 1. Introduction identification (Kaya et al., 2011). The seed coat morphology An important and relatively large genus in the flora of and microsculpturing were investigated in certain genera Turkey, Centaurea L. comprises ca. 250 species, currently of Brassicaceae and provided evidence for the close distributed over Eurasia, especially in Irano-Turanian and relationships among various genera (Koul et al., 2000; Mediterranean regions (Anderberg et al., 2007). Centaurea Moazzeni et al., 2007). These kinds of peculiarities were has one of the highest rates of endemism in Turkey, with used in the identification of families such as Brassicaceae 112 endemics among 181 total species, 18 endemics among (Cruciferae) Burnett and Scrophulariaceae Juss. (Murley, 32 subspecies, and 16 of the 28 varieties (Uysal, 2012). The 1951; Juan et al., 2000). genus Centaurea has been subjected to morphological, Plant species are traditionally examined to perform palynological, and cytotaxonomic studies for a very identification or characterization by stereomicroscopy, long time by several experts (Routsi and Georgiadis, but in many cases, when taxonomists disagree on the 1998; Villodre and Garcia-Jacas, 2000; Çelik et al., 2008; identity of taxa, the micromorphological characters of Gömürgen et al., 2010), but only a limited number of leaves, pollens, fruit, and seeds are examined via scanning studies were performed on the achene morphologies of electron microscopy (SEM) to illustrate diagnostic Centaurea in terms of shedding light on the taxonomy of differences (Shehata, 2006). Seeds display a great deal of the genus (Dittrich, 1968). variation and high morphological diversity, including Morphological and anatomical studies on the fruit valuable taxonomic information. Their shapes, colors, and and seed structures play an important role in systematics. sizes can be of high systematic significance (Chuang and Microstructural details of the fruit coat and seed make Ornduff, 1992). possible the distinguishing of the taxa (Kaya et al., 2011). The seed and fruit are both distinctive features in taxon These features, important characters for taxonomic and diagnosis of the family Asteraceae. In regards to this, there evolutionary studies, were used as parameters for species are many reports providing information for different * Correspondence: [email protected] 147 CANDAN et al. / Turk J Bot taxonomical levels and groups (Wagenitz et al., 1998; Tan cell walls not distinct. Pappus 2.6–3.8 mm. Scales present et al., 2007; Kreitschitz and Valles, 2007). The general (Figures 1a–1c). morphologies of the seeds of Acrolophus (Cass.) DC. taxa Centaurea inermis Velen.: Achenes 3.1–3.9 mm, were described simply by Wagenitz (1975) and Davis et al. ovoid-oblong; swollen, pericarp wholly cream; sometimes (1988). Although some studies were reported on the fruit- grayish lines on cream pericarp, strigose, pitted. Rotund coat surface structure of Centaurea L. species (Celik et al., at the base. Fruit coat roughish, ornamentation irregular 2005a, 2005b; Uysal et al., 2005; Aksoy et al., 2010; Okay sulcate. Cells sometimes one on another. Cells and cell and Demir, 2010; Shabestari et al., 2013; Bona, 2014), none walls distinct. Pappus 0.7–1.5 mm. Scales present (Figures of them gave comprehensive and whole information on 1d–1f). achene surface characteristics of the section Acrolophus. Centaurea kilaea Boiss.: Achenes 3.6–4.3 mm, The present study was mainly undertaken to illustrate lanceolate, swollen, pericarp wholly grayish green; the external morphology of mature seeds using SEM sometimes creamy lines on brown pericarp, strigose, and to obtain information on the achene ultrastructural not pitted. Obtuse at the base. Fruit coat roughish, construction of Acrolophus (Centaurea) taxa of Turkey. ornamentation irregular sulcate. Cells sometimes one on another. Cells and cell walls distinct. Pappus 2.3–3.0 mm. 2. Materials and methods Scales present (Figures 1g–1i). Between 2004 and 2008, many materials belonging to Centaurea cuneifolia Sm.: Achenes 3.0–4.1 mm, section Acrolophus were collected from several localities lanceolate, swollen, cream lines on grayish or brown of Turkey by our research team and the samples collected pericarp, strigose, not pitted. Obtuse at the base. Fruit were deposited in the KNYA herbarium (Table 1). coat roughish, ornamentation irregular sulcate. Cells are For SEM observation, at least 10 achenes for each taxon sometimes one on another. Cells distinct, cell walls not were dehydrated in an acetone series, critical-point-dried distinct. Pappus 0.7–1.5 mm. Scales present (Figures 1j– using carbon dioxide, and mounted on stubs using double- 1l). sided adhesive tape. Achenes were coated with gold under Centaurea zeybekii Wagenitz: Achenes 2.8–4.2 mm, JEOL JSM-6060 model SEM low-vacuum mode at about lanceolate, swollen, cream lines on brown pericarp, 20 nm in thickness for observing their surface structures puberulent, not pitted. Obtuse at the base. Fruit coat (Candan et al., 2009). SEM photographs of all taxa were roughish, ornamentation irregular sulcate. Cells usually taken at 30× size for the achenes’ general view, 1000× for one on another. Cells and cell walls distinct. Pappus 1.3– the general view of the achenes’ surface, and 2000× for 2.5 mm. Scales present (Figures 2a–2c). close views of achenes’ microstructural features. Achene Centaurea tuzgoluensis Aytaç & H. Duman: Achenes surface structural terminology follows Stearn (1983). 3.8–4.3 mm, obovoid, swollen, pericarp wholly dark Fifteen characters were investigated and used in this brown; sometimes creamy-yellow spots on brown analysis. Characters and character states were determined pericarp; sometimes brown lines on creamy white through examination of herbarium specimens stored at pericarp, puberulent, not pitted. Rotund at the base. Fruit the KNYA herbarium. Both qualitative and quantitative coat not roughish, ornamentation irregular sulcate. Cells characters were scored for numerical taxonomic studies and cell walls distinct. Pappus 1.5–2.6 mm. Scales present and constructed as a data matrix (Tables 2 and 3). A (Figures 2d–2f). similarity index indicating the relationship among taxa Centaurea olympica (DC.) K.Koch: Achenes 2.0–3.0 was generated based on the data matrix. Cluster analysis mm, obovoid, swollen, pericarp wholly brown; sometimes was performed using UPGMA methods and a dendrogram creamy lines on brown pericarp, pilose, pitted. Obtuse at based on similarity index was constructed with NTSYS PC the base. Fruit coat roughish, ornamentation irregular v.2.2 (Rohlf, 1997). sulcate. Cells and cell walls not distinct. Pappus absent. Scales absent (Figures 2g–2i). 3. Results Centaurea ulrichiorum Wagenitz, F.H.Hellw. & Parolly: In this study, the seeds of 31 taxa belonging to the genus Achenes 3.3–4.2 mm, lanceolate, compressed, pericarp Centaurea were examined micromorphologically via SEM. wholly grayish white, strigose, pitted. Obtuse at the base. Very detailed information about the structure of the seed Fruit coat not roughish, ornamentation irregular sulcate. surface taxa is given in Tables 2 and 3. Cells distinct, cell walls not distinct. Pappus 1.2–2.2 mm. Centaurea arenaria M.Bieb. ex Willd.: Achenes 2.6–3.6 Scales present (Figures 2j–2l). mm, oblong-rectangular, compressed, pericarp wholly Centaurea polyclada DC.:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • O Rigin Al a Rticle
    International Journal of Botany and Research (IJBR) ISSN (P): 2277-4815; ISSN (E): 2319-4456 Vol. 7, Issue 4, Aug 2017, 41-54 © TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF ACHANAKMAR-AMARKANTAK BIOSPHERE RESERVE, CENTRAL INDIA SHILPA VINODIA & A K DIXIT Department of Botany, Guru-Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India ABSTRACT A precise report is done in unexplored locales of Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR), Central India, which has uncovered 442 taxa belonging to 345 genera under 109 families. Out of these recorded taxa, 238 are herbs, 49 climbers, 72 trees and 83 bushes species. Most frequent families are Fabaceae with 64 species, Asteraceae with 28 species, Lamiaceae with 22 species, Apocynaceae with 20 species and Acanthaceae with 19 species. Out of 442 taxa, 51 species are assessed as threatened, belonging to 46 genera and 28 families. Habenaria diphylla, Nervillia aragoana, Nervillia crociformis, Dendrobium herbaeceum and Acampe rigida of family Orchidaceae, Abrus precatorious var. alba (Fabaceae), Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae), Cleome rutidosperma, C. gynandra (Cleomaceae), and Cinnamomum tamala (Lauraceae) are accounted for surprisingly and gives update to the angiospermic floral database alongwith IUCN categories. Article Original KEYWORDS: Angiosperms, Flora, Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve & Threatened Taxa Received : Jun 2 8, 2017; Accepted : Jul 18, 2017; Published : Jul 21, 2017; Paper Id : IJBRAUG20176 INTRODUCTION Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve (AABR) is the 14 th National Biosphere Reserve of India blow out from Maikal Hill Range to Vindhyan and Satpura hill range in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh state of Central India. It lies between 22 015 to 20 058 N and 81 025 to 82 05 E occupies 383551.0 hectare of Geographical area.
    [Show full text]
  • Squarrose Knapweed EXOTIC Centaurea Virgata Ssp
    southwestlearning.org AME R ICAN SOUTHWEST SPECIES FACT SHEET Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Squarrose Knapweed EXOTIC Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa At a Glance • Perennial • Highly branched stems that grow one to three feet tall. SITY • Lower leaves are deeply dissected, but the upper leaves R are entire and linear. • Flowers are pink to pale-purple. • Flowerheads have four to eight florets and appear more slender than the flowerheads of other knapweeds. • The bracts underneath the flower have a central spine that curves backwards. • Fruit is a golden to dark-brown achene. UNIVE STATE UTAH / DEWEY STEVE The bracts underneath the flower of squarrose knapweed have Habitat and Ecology a central spine that curves backwards. Squarrose knapweed (Centaurea virgata ssp. squarrosa) is present in Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon, Wisconsin, spotted (Centaurea maculosa) or diffuse knapweed (Cen- and Michigan. How it was introduced to North America is taurea diffusa). Squarrose knapweed is not palatable to unknown. Squarrose knapweed often grows on degraded livestock and can form monocultures. Its taxonomic status rangeland soils and tolerates drought and cold better than is uncertain: it is also known as Centaurea squarrosa and Centaurea virgata. Description Squarrose knapweed is a long-lived perennial with highly branched stems that grow one to three feet tall. The stems grow above a woody crown and stout taproot. Under unfa- vorable conditions, the plants remain as basal rosettes be- fore developing flowering stems. Squarrose knapweed re- produces by seed. The seed head falls near the parent plant, but the backwards-curved spines under the seed head can cling to hair, wool, fur, and clothing, allowing the seeds to disperse over greater distances.
    [Show full text]
  • Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus
    STATUS AND PROTECTION OF GLOBALLY THREATENED SPECIES IN THE CAUCASUS CEPF Biodiversity Investments in the Caucasus Hotspot 2004-2009 Edited by Nugzar Zazanashvili and David Mallon Tbilisi 2009 The contents of this book do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of CEPF, WWF, or their sponsoring organizations. Neither the CEPF, WWF nor any other entities thereof, assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product or process disclosed in this book. Citation: Zazanashvili, N. and Mallon, D. (Editors) 2009. Status and Protection of Globally Threatened Species in the Caucasus. Tbilisi: CEPF, WWF. Contour Ltd., 232 pp. ISBN 978-9941-0-2203-6 Design and printing Contour Ltd. 8, Kargareteli st., 0164 Tbilisi, Georgia December 2009 The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement, Conservation International, the Global Environment Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. This book shows the effort of the Caucasus NGOs, experts, scientific institutions and governmental agencies for conserving globally threatened species in the Caucasus: CEPF investments in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out simultaneous assessments of species’ populations at national and regional scales, setting up strategies and developing action plans for their survival, as well as implementation of some urgent conservation measures. Contents Foreword 7 Acknowledgments 8 Introduction CEPF Investment in the Caucasus Hotspot A. W. Tordoff, N. Zazanashvili, M. Bitsadze, K. Manvelyan, E. Askerov, V. Krever, S. Kalem, B. Avcioglu, S. Galstyan and R. Mnatsekanov 9 The Caucasus Hotspot N.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed Risk Assessment: Centaurea Calcitrapa
    Weed Risk Assessment: Centaurea calcitrapa 1. Plant Details Taxonomy: Centaurea calcitrapa L. Family Asteraceae. Common names: star thistle, purple star thistle, red star thistle. Origins: Native to Europe (Hungary, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Albania, Greece, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, France, Portugal, Spain), Macaronesia (Canary Islands, Madeira Islands), temperate Asia (Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey) and North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia) (GRIN database). Naturalised Distribution: Naturalised in New Zealand, South Africa, Central America, South America, the United States of America (eg. naturalised in 14 states, mostly in northwest including California, Idaho, Washington, Wyoming, New Mexico, Oregon, Arizona) (USDA plants database), and Australia (GRIN database). Description: C. calcitrapa is an erect, bushy and spiny biannual herb that is sometimes behaves as an annual or short-lived perennial. It grows to 1 m tall. Young stems and leaves have fine, cobweb-like hairs that fall off over time. Older stems are much-branched, straggly, woody, sparsely hairy, without wings or spines and whitish to pale green. Lower leaves are deeply divided while upper leaves are generally narrow and undivided. Rosette leaves are deeply divided and older rosettes have a circle of spines in the centre. This is the initial, infertile, flower head. Numerous flowers are produced on the true flowering stem and vary from lavender to a deep purple colour. Bracts end in a sharp, rigid white to yellow spines. Seed is straw coloured and blotched with dark brown spots. The pappus is reduced or absent. Bristles are absent. Seeds are 3-4mm long, smooth and ovoid. The root is a fleshy taproot (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 2001) (Moser, L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Structural Growth Model of the Invasive Weed Species Yellow Starthistle, Centaurea Solstitialis L
    A Structural Growth Model of the Invasive Weed Species Yellow Starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis L. 1Thornby, D., 2J. Garren, 2R. Carruthers, 2D. Spencer and 2J.P. Weber 1Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2USDA Agricultural Research Service; Email: [email protected] Keywords: Centaurea solstitialis, yellow starthistle, structural model, LStudio, L-systems. EXTENDED ABSTRACT Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is a summer-flowering annual plant of the family Asteraceae, and a significant weed of roadsides, pasture and grasslands in California. It is also distributed, though with less economic and ecological significance, throughout the US and in other temperate parts of the world. Yellow starthistle grows vigorously during the dormant period for most native species in its grasslands habitat, is able to access deep soil moisture reserves, and being particularly spiny, reduces land value for both animal fodder and human recreation. It is a prolific seed producer and seed spreads readily through contact with animals, people, and vehicles. As with many weeds, yellow starthistle's structure and growth patterns have been relatively little- Figure 1. Virtual yellow starthistle studied. It is hoped that studying the ontogenesis and morphogenesis of yellow starthistle will help Stochasticity was added to the model, so that it uncover information that can assist in improving reproduces a range of plants of different sizes and control strategies, as well as providing a morphologies, within the range of likely sizes visualisation tool for disseminating detailed observed in the data for each field site. knowledge about this plant's growth and development to stakeholders in a readily understood way.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear and Plastid DNA Phylogeny of the Tribe Cardueae (Compositae
    1 Nuclear and plastid DNA phylogeny of the tribe Cardueae 2 (Compositae) with Hyb-Seq data: A new subtribal classification and a 3 temporal framework for the origin of the tribe and the subtribes 4 5 Sonia Herrando-Morairaa,*, Juan Antonio Callejab, Mercè Galbany-Casalsb, Núria Garcia-Jacasa, Jian- 6 Quan Liuc, Javier López-Alvaradob, Jordi López-Pujola, Jennifer R. Mandeld, Noemí Montes-Morenoa, 7 Cristina Roquetb,e, Llorenç Sáezb, Alexander Sennikovf, Alfonso Susannaa, Roser Vilatersanaa 8 9 a Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain 10 b Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants (UAB) – Associated Unit to CSIC, Departament de 11 Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de 12 Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain 13 c Key Laboratory for Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 14 Chengdu, China 15 d Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA 16 e Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LECA (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Alpine), FR- 17 38000 Grenoble, France 18 f Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, 19 Finland; and Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov str. 20 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 21 22 *Corresponding author at: Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB, CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s. n., ES- 23 08038 Barcelona, Spain. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Herrando-Moraira). 24 25 Abstract 26 Classification of the tribe Cardueae in natural subtribes has always been a challenge due to the lack of 27 support of some critical branches in previous phylogenies based on traditional Sanger markers.
    [Show full text]
  • Weed: Yellow Starthistle (Centaurea Solstitialis L.)
    Weed: Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) Family: Asteraceae (Sunflower family) Images: Brief Plant Description: (Summarized from Healy, E. and J. DiTomaso, Yellow Starthistle Fact Sheet, http://wric.ucdavis.edu/yst/biology/yst_fact_sheet.html) The seed leaves (cotyledons) are oblong to spatulate, 6-9 mm long and 3-5 mm wide, base wedge- shaped, tip +/- squared and glabrous. First few rosette leaves typically oblanceolate. Subsequent rosette leaves oblanceolate, entire to pinnate-lobed. Terminal lobes largest. Later rosette leaves to 15 cm long and are typically deeply lobed +/- to midrib and appear ruffled. Surfaces +/- densely covered with fine cottony hairs. Lobes mostly acute, with toothed to wavy margins. Terminal lobes +/- triangular to lanceolate. Mature plants have stiff stems, openly branched from near or above the base or sometimes not branched in very small plants. Stem leaves alternate, mostly linear or +/- narrowly oblong to oblanceolate. Margins smooth, toothed, or wavy. Leaf bases extend down the stems (decurrent) and give stems a winged appearance. Rosette leaves typically withered by flowering time. Largest stem wings typically to ~ 3 mm wide. Lower stem leaves sometimes +/- deeply pinnate-lobed. Foliage grayish- to bluish-green, densely covered with fine white cottony hairs that +/- hide thick stiff hairs and glands. Flower heads ovoid, spiny, solitary on stem tips, consist of numerous yellow disk flowers. Phyllaries palmately spined, with one long central spine and 2 or more pairs of short lateral spines. Insect- pollinated. Flowers mid-summer to fall. Corollas mostly 13-20 mm long. Involucre (phyllaries as a unit) ~ 12-18 mm long. Phyllaries +/- dense to sparsely covered with cottony hairs or with patches at the spine bases.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Set in a Non-Native, Self-Compatible Thistle on Santa Cruz Island: Implications for the Invasion of an Island Ecosystem
    SEED SET IN A NON-NATIVE, SELF-COMPATIBLE THISTLE ON SANTA CRUZ ISLAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INVASION OF AN ISLAND ECOSYSTEM JOHN F. BARTHELL1, ROBBIN W. THORP2, ADRIAN M. WENNER3, JOHN M. RANDALL4 AND DEBORAH S. MITCHELL5 1Department of Biology & Joe C. Jackson College of Graduate Studies & Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034; [email protected] 2Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 3Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 4The Nature Conservancy, Invasive Species Program Initiative & Department of Vegetable Crops, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 5Animal Medical Center, Edmond, OK 73034 Abstract—In two previous studies we demonstrated a positive association between honey bee visitation and seed set or seed head weight in the invasive yellow star-thistle, Centaurea solstitialis. However, as reported here, we were unable to find similar evidence for the congeneric tocalote, Centaurea melitensis. Both seed head weights and percent seed set levels obtained from two plots showed no significant differences among four treatments. Indeed, no significant differences occurred between controls (open) and bagged flower heads that excluded honey bees (but allowed native bee visitation). There were also no differences between controls and complete exclusion of bee-pollinators, confirming self-compatibility reported for this species elsewhere. Unlike C. solstitialis, C. melitensis attracts relatively low numbers of honey bees. In addition, C. melitensis is generally more widespread on the Channel Islands than C. solstitialis. We discuss these patterns with reference to the invasiveness of both species on Santa Cruz Island. Keywords: Apis mellifera, Centaurea solstitialis, honey bee, invasive species, pollination, yellow star- thistle INTRODUCTION environments is subject to controversy, increasingly so during the last decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Diversity and Evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae)
    Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr M.E. Schranz Professor of Biosystematics Wageningen University Other members Prof. Dr P.C. Struik, Wageningen University Dr N. Kilian, Free University of Berlin, Germany Dr R. van Treuren, Wageningen University Dr M.J.W. Jeuken, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences. Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) from phylogeny to molecular breeding Zhen Wei Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Monday 25 January 2016 at 1.30 p.m. in the Aula. Zhen Wei Genetic diversity and evolution in Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) - from phylogeny to molecular breeding, 210 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2016) With references, with summary in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-614-8 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction 7 Chapter 2 Phylogenetic relationships within Lactuca L. (Asteraceae), including African species, based on chloroplast DNA sequence comparisons* 31 Chapter 3 Phylogenetic analysis of Lactuca L. and closely related genera (Asteraceae), using complete chloroplast genomes and nuclear rDNA sequences 99 Chapter 4 A mixed model QTL analysis for salt tolerance in
    [Show full text]
  • Amberboa Maroofii (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae), a New Species from Kurdistan, Iran
    Phytotaxa 195 (2): 171–177 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.195.2.6 Amberboa maroofii (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae), a new species from Kurdistan, Iran KAZEM NEGARESH Department of Biology, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Amberboa maroofii is described and illustrated as a new species from Kurdistan Province, W Iran. It is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 32) and morphologically most similar to A. glauca. The new species is also compared with A. moschata, A. sosnovskyi and A. zanjanica. Its distribution range covers a small area; it grows on clay at elevations of 1400–1800 m. Key words: chromosome counts, Compositae, Kurdistan, taxonomy Introduction Amberboa (Persoon 1805: 481) Lessing (1832: 8) is an Old World genus. Its systematic position has been determined as a distinctive genus within the subtribe Centaureinae (Wagenitz & Hellwig 1996, 2004, Garcia-Jacas et al. 2001, Susanna & Garcia-Jacas 2007), tribe Cardueae and family Asteraceae. The genus Amberboa includes annual or biennial herbs. The genus is characterized by often subglabrous, pinnatifid or lyrate or pinnately incised or entire leaves, involucres ovoid, phyllaries multiseriate, flowers pink or yellow, much surpassing involucres, heteromorphic, all achenes similar, oblong, weakly compressed laterally, densely appressed hairy, truncate at apex, hilum lateral and surrounded by light-colored annular ridge (Tzvelev 1963, Rechinger 1980). In the Flora Iranica, 5 species of Amberboa were included by Rechinger (1980). A new contribution of the genus in Iran was provided by Ranjbar & Negaresh (2013) that described a new species, i.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalofthreatenedtaxa
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Artfcle Florfstfc dfversfty of Bhfmashankar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indfa Savfta Sanjaykumar Rahangdale & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10493–10527 10.11609/jot. 3074 .9. 8. 10493-10527 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10493–10527 Article Floristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Savita Sanjaykumar Rahangdale 1 & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Department of Botany, B.J. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Ale, Pune District, Maharashtra 412411, India 2 Department of Botany, A.W. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Otur, Pune District, Maharashtra 412409, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane districts in Maharashtra State.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Hypersaline Urmia Lake National Park (NW Iran)
    Diversity 2014, 6, 102-132; doi:10.3390/d6020102 OPEN ACCESS diversity ISSN 1424-2818 www.mdpi.com/journal/diversity Review Biodiversity of the Hypersaline Urmia Lake National Park (NW Iran) Alireza Asem 1,†,*, Amin Eimanifar 2,†,*, Morteza Djamali 3, Patricio De los Rios 4 and Michael Wink 2 1 Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2 Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (IMBE: UMR CNRS 7263/IRD 237/Aix- Marseille Université), Europôle Méditerranéen de l'Arbois, Pavillon Villemin BP 80, 13545, Aix-en Provence Cedex 04, France; E-Mail: [email protected] 4 Environmental Sciences School, Natural Resources Faculty, Catholic University of Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: [email protected] (A.A.); [email protected] (A.E.); Tel.: +86-150-6624-4312 (A.A.); Fax: +86-532-8203-2216 (A.A.); Tel.: +49-6221-544-880 (A.E.); Fax: +49-6221-544-884 (A.E.). Received: 3 December 2013; in revised form: 13 January 2014 / Accepted: 27 January 2014 / Published: 10 February 2014 Abstract: Urmia Lake, with a surface area between 4000 to 6000 km2, is a hypersaline lake located in northwest Iran. It is the saltiest large lake in the world that supports life. Urmia Lake National Park is the home of an almost endemic crustacean species known as the brine shrimp, Artemia urmiana.
    [Show full text]