THIRD REGIONAL EST FORUM IN ASIA

Country Initiatives on ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT IN

BY: DR. ELLY ADRIANI SINAGA

Directorate General of Land Transportation Ministry of Transportation REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA 17 March 2008 1 1. INTRODUCTION Indonesia : The Archipelago Country Population 230 m (2007) ,the Capital City 650km2; 8,86 m people (2% growth/annum)

The surrounding cities: BODETABEK; 5789 km2; 23,673 m people (2,09% growth/annum)

2 JAKARTA 2. CONDITIONS AND PROBLEMS JAKARTA,JAKARTA, thethe CapitalCapital CityCity

• Number of vehicles 6,3 m (growth 11% /annum ) :

- Private Car: 89.45% (Motorcycle: 54.14%) - Goods Vehs: 9.21% - Public Transport Vehs: 1.35% (56% share)

• 700 private cars increase/dayÆ Need 3 km road length/day; Road growth 0.1%).

3 PortraitPortrait ofof currentcurrent motormotor cyclecycle usageusage

Polution

It gives us the way to suicide

Low cost, low travelling time, high speed and

…..high RiSK But ….. Door to door .very cheap .any road 4 Typical Traffic Problems

SMALL PARATRANSIT CONGESTION

POLUTION

TRADITIONAL MARKET

5 Number of Trips (trips/day)

9.468.203 (2002) 12.600.000 (2007) 13.187.391 (2010) 14.600.000 (2014)

Bekasi Tangerang JAKARTA

1.513.839 (2002) 973.768 (2002) 1.746.452 (2007) 1.123.396 (2007) 1.926.184 (2010) 1.237.677 (2010) 2.012.345 (2014) 1.293.040 (2014)

1.108.396 (2002) 1.278.709 (2007) 1.413.027 (2010) 1.476.234 (2014) Bogor &

6 CONSTRAINT & ISSUES

ROAD WIDTH UTILIZATION BY VEHICLES GROWTH IN JAKARTA

50 50 3.300 45 45 3.000 40 2.700 35 2.400 Vehicles Unit 30 2.100 (x 1.000) 25 1.800 20 1.500 Width (mill. m2) (mill. Width 15 1.200

1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 roadjalan Time Series vehkend.

7 3.3. TRANSPORTATIONTRANSPORTATION POLICYPOLICY

Pro-public transport. Develop sustainable and reliable public transport system which covers the whole urban area, and provide service to all level of income group.

Bus-based Mass Transit System - BRT COST PER PASS-KM

300 • Cheaper Operating Cost 250 218 200 135 150

• Optimal use of lanes; Rp. 100 79 • The development is quick, cheap & 50 0 flexible. Bus Besar Bus Sedang A ngkot Kind of Transportation 8 STRATEGY FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE MOBILITY (JAKARTA)

MassMass TransitTransit Peds.Peds. FacilitiesFacilities && TrafficTraffic RestraintRestraint NMVNMV ‰ TransJakarta ‰ Integrated Network Busway (BRT) for Pedestrians & NMV ‰ Electronic Road Pricing ‰ Monorail – Light (ERP) Rail Transit ‰ Pedestrian Walkways, Curbs, Peds- ‰ Parking Management/ ‰ Waterways Restraint Crossing ‰ Mass Rapid ‰ Car free day event ‰ Facilities for Diffable Transit People & Senior People

9 4.Best practices (PUBLIC TRANSPORT REFORM)

Small-inefficient paratransit Æ bigger, cheaper, safer BRT system

Un-scheduled bunching and leaf frogging Æ regular and reliable operation

Private-small ownership Æ more professional management company

10 TRANSJAKARTA BUSWAY AT A GLANCE

Transfer Activities In “Harmoni Central 11 Busway Transfer Station” PT Authority Subsidy Revenue Operating cost

MANAGEMENT

If deficit: If surplus: subsidy Sistem development: Ticket revenue Payment

12 BUSWAY CORRIDORS (UP TO 2007)

TJ. PRIOK

1 ANCOL KOTA 3 KALIDERES 5 2 7 CORRIDORS : HARMONI PULOGADUNG 1. Blok M – Kota (2004) HI DUKUH ATAS 2. Pulogadung – Harmoni (2006) 4 KUNINGAN 3. Kalideres – Harmoni (2006) PULOGEBANG KP. MELAYU 4. Pulogadung - Dukuh Atas (2007) BLOK M 6 5. Kp.Melayu – Ancol (2007) 7 6. Ragunan – Kuningan (2007) 7. Kp.Rambutan - Kp.Melayu (2007) RAGUNAN KP. RAMBUTAN

13 Mass Transportation on Road Time Savings in Jakarta

14 BUSWAYBUSWAY IMPACTSIMPACTS

1. 14% of busway user shifted from private car (JICA) 2. Number of busway passenger increase significantly each year 3. Based on Institute for Transportation and Development Policy (ITDP) research, each year busway operation: a. reduce emission 155 ton of Nox b. reduce 23 ton of Particulate

c. reduce CO2 emission up to 20,000 ton 15 BRTBRT BenefitBenefit

16 BOGORBOGOR -“Kota Sejuta Angkot”Æ - Operating Urban Mass Transport, (“City of Paratransit”) * as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air Private/Personal Fleet ownership conditioned buses) -Conventional Management - New professional management * Smart Card Ticketing System * Scheduled Services - Using Biofuel (Waste Cooking oil)

17 Yogyakarta

Before: Services Of Paratransit * Private/Personal Fleet Ownership * Conventional Management * Non Motorized Vehicles

a. Operating Urban Mass Transport, * as a new transport mode, * More comfortable (air conditioned buses) b. Operated By a Consortium Company c. New professional management * Smart Card On-line Ticketing System * Scheduled Services * Public Private Partnership * Local governments coordination

18 “ TRANS JOGJA ”

19 5. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT A. BRT System Be Implemented in Other Big and Medium Cities, 2008 :

z Metropolitan city : Jabodetabek z Big Cities: Medan – North Sumatera; Bandung – West ; Semarang – Central Java; Surabaya – East Java; Makassar – South Sulawesi; Medium Cities: Pekanbaru, Surakarta, Manado Elevated Busway on The Toll Road Network In Greater Jakarta Æ JABODETABEK

20 FUTURE JABODETABEK BUSWAY DEVELOPMENT

KALIDERES

GROGOL PULO GADUNG

CILEDUG CIKUPA

KALIMALANG SERPONG PONDOK INDAH

KP RAMBUTAN RAGUNAN

Koridor A (Non Tol): Cikupa-Bitung- CIBUBUR Tangerang-Kalideres (CILEUNGSI) Koridor A (Tol): Cikupa-Bitung-Tol DEPOK MerakÆJakarta-Grogol Koridor B (Non Tol) Serpong (BSD) - Puspitek-Pondok Cabe-Pondok Indah Koridor B (Tol) Serpong (BSD) -Tol SerpongÆJakarta-Ciledug Bogor, Depok, and Tangerang physically Koridor C (Non Tol) Depok and economicaly agglomerate to Jakarta form a (Margonda)-Lenteng Agung-Ragunan megapolitan city of Jabodetabek. Koridor D (Non Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via Jl Raya Bogor-Kampung Rambutan

Koridor D (Tol) Cibubur (Cileungsi) via The Transportation Masterplan should cater all Jl Tol Jagorawi-Kampung Rambutan megapolitan areas, and public transport Koridor E (Non Tol) Cikarang-Cibitung- Bekasi-Kalimalang/Pulo Gadung operation serving to and from Jakarta to the Koridor E (Tol) Cikarang-Tol CikampekÆ Jakarta-Kalimalang urban fringes. 21 B. Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) z Area: Phase 1 replacing 3-in-1 scheme Phase 2: East – West (between railway lines) z Charging Methods: Area Pricing {Target : Cars and Motorcycles {Operation Hours : 07:00-10:00; 16:00-19:00 Mon-Fri. z Benefit: Financial : IRR =23.4%, B/C=1.69, NPV=1274 billions Rps z Expected Impacts: pull-out 20% traffic from area

22 Jakarta 3-in-1 Scheme

Only vehicles with three or more passengers were allowed to enter the restricted road section

„3 in 1 scheme will be replaced by Electronic Road Pricing in 2009

„Jabodetabek Toll-road will be eqquiped by Electronic Toll Collection System 23 3.3. IntelligentIntelligent TransportTransport SystemSystem DevelopmentDevelopment

• Jakarta • Bandung • Surabaya • Batam • Tegal • Pekanbaru

24 4.4. TrafficTraffic SafetySafety forfor ChildrenChildren

School Safety Zone Helmet for Kids

Traffic safety Publication 25 5. Improvement Of Motor Vehicle Technology, Inspection and Maintenance

‰ Implementation EURO Standard for new production ‰ EURO 2 at 2007; ‰ EURO 4 at 2012 (plan); ‰ EURO 5 at 2015 (plan). ‰ Implementation Compulsory Periodical Vehicle Inspection for Private Cars and Motorcycle under New Road Transport and Traffic Law

26 6. Energy Diversification

Gas for Transport (CNG): Bio fuel (Bio-solar Waste Cooking Oil 1755 unit Converter Kit and Bio-ethanol) for (BDF in Bogor) installed on taxis in Jakarta government vehicles; 27

TERIMA KASIH

28