DOCSLIB.ORG

S12929-021-00738-2.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
S12929-021-00738-2.Pdf Chen et al. J Biomed Sci (2021) 28:44 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12929-021-00738-2 RESEARCH Open Access USP9X promotes apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma by modulation expression of KIF1Bβ via deubiquitinating EGLN3 Weiqian Chen1†, Jingjing Song1†, Siyu Liu2†, Bufu Tang1, Lin Shen1, Jinyu Zhu1, Shiji Fang1, Fazong Wu1, Liyun Zheng1, Rongfang Qiu1, Chunmiao Chen1, Yang Gao1, Jianfei Tu1, Zhongwei Zhao1* and Jiansong Ji1* Abstract Background: Cholangiocarcinoma represents the second most common primary liver malignancy. The incidence rate has constantly increased over the last decades. Cholangiocarcinoma silent nature limits early diagnosis and pre- vents efcient treatment. Methods: Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression profling of USP9X and EGLN3 in cholangiocarcinoma patients. ShRNA was used to silence gene expression. Cell apoptosis, cell cycle, CCK8, clone formation, shRNA interference and xenograft mouse model were used to explore biological function of USP9X and EGLN3. The underlying molecular mechanism of USP9X in cholangiocarcinoma was determined by immunoblot- ting, co-immunoprecipitation and quantitative real time PCR (qPCR). Results: Here we demonstrated that USP9X is downregulated in cholangiocarcinoma which contributes to tumori- genesis. The expression of USP9X in cholangiocarcinoma inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro as well as xenograft tumorigenicity in vivo. Clinical data demonstrated that expression levels of USP9X were positively correlated with favorable clinical outcomes. Mechanistic investigations further indicated that USP9X was involved in the deubiquitination of EGLN3, a member of 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent dioxygenases. USP9X elicited tumor suppressor role by preventing degradation of EGLN3. Importantly, knockdown of EGLN3 impaired USP9X-mediated suppression of proliferation. USP9X positively regulated the expression level of apoptosis pathway genes de through EGLN3 thus involved in apoptosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion: These fndings help to understand that USP9X alleviates the malignant potential of cholangiocarcinoma through upregulation of EGLN3. Consequently, we provide novel insight into that USP9X is a potential biomarker or serves as a therapeutic or diagnostic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Keywords: Cholangiocarcinoma, Ubiquitination, USP9X, EGLN3, Apoptosis Background *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a heterogeneous disease †Weiqian Chen, Jingjing Song and Siyu Liu contributed equal to this work 1 Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive for a complex interaction between host-specifc genetic Intervention Research, The Fifth Afliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical background and multiple risk factors [1]. Te incidence University/Afliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/Clinical College rates of cholangiocarcinoma reveal geographical vari- of The Afliated Central Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article ation in globally, which possess much higher incidence © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://crea- tivecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdo- main/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. Chen et al. J Biomed Sci (2021) 28:44 Page 2 of 15 in parts of the Eastern world compared to the West Materials and Methods [2]. Cholangiocarcinoma account for 3% of all gastro- Reagents intestinal tumors, classifed anatomically in 3 types: Te reagents used in this study are listed in Additional intrahepatic (ICC), perihilar (PCC) and distal (DCC) fle 1: Table S1. cholangiocarcinoma [3–5]. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced, nonsurgical stage and only about 1 in Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining 5 cases are surgically resectable [6, 7]. Te outcome of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was carried out advanced cholangiocarcinoma is poor with an overall using EnVision Detection Systems Peroxidase/DAB survival of maximum 15 months with chemotherapy [8]. (DAKO, Shanghai, China) following the manufactur- Terefore, development of strategies for early diagno- er’s recommendations. Slides containing the sections sis and efective treatments of cholangiocarcinoma are were stained with commercially available anti-USP9X extremely essential. (ab180191, 1:500, Abcam), anti-EGLN3 (ab238941, Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) play a regulatory 1:500, Abcam) and anti-Ki67 (ab15580, 1:500, Abcam). role for downstream of ubiquitylation. Tese post-trans- Two experienced pathologists scored the stained tis- lational modifers act as the fnal arbitrators of a pro- sues independently. By recording the percentage of tein substrate’s ubiquitylation status, thus regulating its positive staining (0 negative, 1 10%, 2 10–50%, fate [9]. Moreover, DUBs regulate the absolute level of a = ≤ = 3 50%) and staining intensity (0 no, 1 weak, substrate as well as its locality or activity, beyond being ≥ = = 2 moderate, 3 strong) for each sample, immunore- an "all-or-none" phenomenon [9]. Ubiquitin-specifc = = activity score (IRS) (0–9) was calculated by multiply- peptidase 9X (USP9X), a member of ubiquitin-specifc ing positive staining percentage with staining intensity. protease (USP) family, is a highly conserved DUB [10- Low and high expression were defned according to the 12]. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that USP9X median IRS. involves in tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in some types of human cancer, such as breast and lung can- cer, melanoma, lymphoma, and glioblastoma [13–16]. Cell culture and transfection However, a tumor suppressor role of USP9X has been Human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines RBE and HUCCT documented in pancreatic, colorectal, and renal cancer. were purchased from the Cell Resources Center of Te various substrates of USP9X are responsible for its Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese complex role [17-19]. More importantly, the clinical sig- Academy of Science (Shanghai, China). Cells were cul- nifcance and the biological roles of USP9X in cholangio- tured in RPMI-1640 (Gibco BRL, Rockville, MD, USA) carcinoma remain unexplored. Te purpose of this study containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco BRL) in a was to investigate the function and mechanism of USP9X 5% CO2 incubator at 37◦C. For the gene knockdown in cholangiocarcinoma. assays, cells were infected with lentivirus encoding Te prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain protein 3 (EGLN3), shRNA respectively. also known as PHD3, is a member of 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent dioxygenases [20]. Together with other Plasmid Construction two closest paralogues, PHD1 and PHD2, these enzymes Molecular cloning was performed following standard as cellular oxygen sensors label the hypoxia-inducible protocols. All construct sequences were confrmed by factor α (HIF-α) for von Hippel-Lindau protein-medi- DNA sequencing. Te detailed information concerning ated proteasomal destruction [20]. Prolyl hydroxylase 3 expression constructs and the primers used for molec- (EGLN3) is widely accepted as a tumor suppressor [21]. ular cloning is provided in Additional fle 1: Tables S2 EGLN3 overexpression induces cell apoptosis in a nerve and S3. growth factor dependent manner through caspase-3 activation and focal adhesion kinase HIF-1 phospho- Western blot analysis rylation independently, which participates in the growth and invasion of tumor cells [22, 23]. Te kinesin KIF1Bβ Modifed RIPA bufer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH7.4, 1% was reported acts as downstream from EGLN3 to induce Nonidet P-40, 0.25% sodium deoxycholate, 150 mM apoptosis [24]. EGLN3 was also documented as a proa- NaCl, and 1 mM EDTA) supplemented with protease poptotic factor in considerable work, including neural inhibitors and phosphatase inhibitors (Bimake, Hou- crest derivatives, osteosarcoma cells, prostatic carcinoma ston, USA) was utilized to lyse cells. Protein concen- cells, lung carcinoma cells, and colorectal carcinoma cells trations were detected by BCA protein assay reagent [20, 25–30]. Terefore, EGLN3 may play a role as a tumor (Yeasen, Shanghai, China). Cellular extracts were suppressor in various type of tumors. resolved through SDS-PAGE, transferred to PVDF Chen et al. J Biomed Sci (2021) 28:44 Page 3 of 15 membranes (Millipore, Billerica, USA), then incu- Colony formation survival and CCK‑8 assays 4 bated with the indicated primary antibodies. Enhanced A total of 1 × ­10 cells were seeded into 6-well in trip- chemiluminescent substrate kit (Yeasen) was used licates for plate colony formation survival assay or 3 to analyze corresponding antibody specifc
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ubiquitin-Mediated Control of ETS Transcription Factors: Roles in Cancer and Development
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Ubiquitin-Mediated Control of ETS Transcription Factors: Roles in Cancer and Development Charles Ducker * and Peter E. Shaw * Queen’s Medical Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (P.E.S.) Abstract: Genome expansion, whole genome and gene duplication events during metazoan evolution produced an extensive family of ETS genes whose members express transcription factors with a conserved winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domain. Unravelling their biological roles has proved challenging with functional redundancy manifest in overlapping expression patterns, a common consensus DNA-binding motif and responsiveness to mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling. Key determinants of the cellular repertoire of ETS proteins are their stability and turnover, controlled largely by the actions of selective E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases. Here we discuss the known relationships between ETS proteins and enzymes that determine their ubiquitin status, their integration with other developmental signal transduction pathways and how suppression of ETS protein ubiquitination contributes to the malignant cell phenotype in multiple cancers. Keywords: E3 ligase complex; deubiquitinase; gene fusions; mitogens; phosphorylation; DNA damage 1. Introduction Citation: Ducker, C.; Shaw, P.E. Cell growth, proliferation and differentiation are complex, concerted processes that Ubiquitin-Mediated Control of ETS Transcription Factors: Roles in Cancer rely on careful regulation of gene expression. Control over gene expression is maintained and Development. Int. J. Mol. Sci. through signalling pathways that respond to external cellular stimuli, such as growth 2021, 22, 5119. https://doi.org/ factors, cytokines and chemokines, that invoke expression profiles commensurate with 10.3390/ijms22105119 diverse cellular outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex II in Neuronal Cells Triggers Unique
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II in neuronal cells triggers unique pathways culminating in autophagy with implications for neurodegeneration Sathyanarayanan Ranganayaki1, Neema Jamshidi2, Mohamad Aiyaz3, Santhosh‑Kumar Rashmi4, Narayanappa Gayathri4, Pulleri Kandi Harsha5, Balasundaram Padmanabhan6 & Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath7* Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration underlie movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Manganism among others. As a corollary, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI) and complex II (CII) by toxins 1‑methyl‑4‑phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 3‑nitropropionic acid (3‑NPA) respectively, induced degenerative changes noted in such neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to unravel the down‑stream pathways associated with CII inhibition and compared with CI inhibition and the Manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity. Genome‑wide transcriptomics of N27 neuronal cells exposed to 3‑NPA, compared with MPP+ and Mn revealed varied transcriptomic profle. Along with mitochondrial and synaptic pathways, Autophagy was the predominant pathway diferentially regulated in the 3‑NPA model with implications for neuronal survival. This pathway was unique to 3‑NPA, as substantiated by in silico modelling of the three toxins. Morphological and biochemical validation of autophagy markers in the cell model of 3‑NPA revealed incomplete autophagy mediated by mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) pathway. Interestingly, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
    [Show full text]
  • X-Linked Diseases: Susceptible Females
    REVIEW ARTICLE X-linked diseases: susceptible females Barbara R. Migeon, MD 1 The role of X-inactivation is often ignored as a prime cause of sex data include reasons why women are often protected from the differences in disease. Yet, the way males and females express their deleterious variants carried on their X chromosome, and the factors X-linked genes has a major role in the dissimilar phenotypes that that render women susceptible in some instances. underlie many rare and common disorders, such as intellectual deficiency, epilepsy, congenital abnormalities, and diseases of the Genetics in Medicine (2020) 22:1156–1174; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436- heart, blood, skin, muscle, and bones. Summarized here are many 020-0779-4 examples of the different presentations in males and females. Other INTRODUCTION SEX DIFFERENCES ARE DUE TO X-INACTIVATION Sex differences in human disease are usually attributed to The sex differences in the effect of X-linked pathologic variants sex specific life experiences, and sex hormones that is due to our method of X chromosome dosage compensation, influence the function of susceptible genes throughout the called X-inactivation;9 humans and most placental mammals – genome.1 5 Such factors do account for some dissimilarities. compensate for the sex difference in number of X chromosomes However, a major cause of sex-determined expression of (that is, XX females versus XY males) by transcribing only one disease has to do with differences in how males and females of the two female X chromosomes. X-inactivation silences all X transcribe their gene-rich human X chromosomes, which is chromosomes but one; therefore, both males and females have a often underappreciated as a cause of sex differences in single active X.10,11 disease.6 Males are the usual ones affected by X-linked For 46 XY males, that X is the only one they have; it always pathogenic variants.6 Females are biologically superior; a comes from their mother, as fathers contribute their Y female usually has no disease, or much less severe disease chromosome.
    [Show full text]
  • USP9X Regulates Centrosome Duplication and Promotes Breast Carcinogenesis
    ARTICLE Received 21 Feb 2016 | Accepted 31 Jan 2017 | Published 31 Mar 2017 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14866 OPEN USP9X regulates centrosome duplication and promotes breast carcinogenesis Xin Li1,*, Nan Song1,*, Ling Liu1, Xinhua Liu1, Xiang Ding2, Xin Song3, Shangda Yang1, Lin Shan1, Xing Zhou1, Dongxue Su1, Yue Wang1, Qi Zhang1, Cheng Cao1, Shuai Ma1,NaYu1, Fuquan Yang2, Yan Wang1, Zhi Yao4, Yongfeng Shang1,5 & Lei Shi1,4 Defective centrosome duplication is implicated in microcephaly and primordial dwarfism as well as various ciliopathies and cancers. Yet, how the centrosome biogenesis is regulated remains poorly understood. Here we report that the X-linked deubiquitinase USP9X is physically associated with centriolar satellite protein CEP131, thereby stabilizing CEP131 through its deubiquitinase activity. We demonstrate that USP9X is an integral component of centrosome and is required for centrosome biogenesis. Loss-of-function of USP9X impairs centrosome duplication and gain-of-function of USP9X promotes centrosome amplification and chromosome instability. Significantly, USP9X is overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and its level of expression is correlated with that of CEP131 and higher histologic grades of breast cancer. Indeed, USP9X, through regulation of CEP131 abundance, promotes breast carcino- genesis. Our experiments identify USP9X as an important regulator of centrosome biogenesis and uncover a critical role for USP9X/CEP131 in breast carcinogenesis, supporting the pursuit of USP9X/CEP131 as potential targets for breast cancer intervention. 1 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China. 2 Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
    [Show full text]
  • USP9X Monoclonal Antibody (M05A), Clone 5D7
    USP9X monoclonal antibody (M05A), clone 5D7 Catalog # : H00008239-M05A 規格 : [ 200 uL ] List All Specification Application Image Product Mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a partial recombinant Western Blot (Tissue lysate) Description: USP9X. Immunogen: USP9X (NP_068706, 1 a.a. ~ 90 a.a) partial recombinant protein with GST tag. MW of the GST tag alone is 26 KDa. Sequence: MTATTRGSPVGGNDNQGQAPDGQSQPPLQQNQTSSPDSSNENSPATP PDEQGQGDAPPQLEDEEPAFPHTDLAKLDDMINRPRWVVPVLP enlarge Western Blot (Cell lysate) Host: Mouse Reactivity: Human Isotype: IgG1 Kappa Quality Control Antibody Reactive Against Recombinant Protein. enlarge Testing: Western Blot (Recombinant protein) ELISA Western Blot detection against Immunogen (35.64 KDa) . Storage Buffer: In ascites fluid Storage Store at -20°C or lower. Aliquot to avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Instruction: MSDS: Download Datasheet: Download Applications Western Blot (Tissue lysate) Page 1 of 3 2020/6/25 USP9X monoclonal antibody (M05A), clone 5D7. Western Blot analysis of USP9X expression in human placenta. Protocol Download Western Blot (Cell lysate) USP9X monoclonal antibody (M05A), clone 5D7. Western Blot analysis of USP9X expression in Jurkat(Cat # L017V1 ). Protocol Download Western Blot (Recombinant protein) Protocol Download ELISA Gene Information Entrez GeneID: 8239 GeneBank NM_021906 Accession#: Protein NP_068706 Accession#: Gene Name: USP9X Gene Alias: DFFRX,FAF,FAM Gene ubiquitin specific peptidase 9, X-linked Description: Omim ID: 300072 Gene Ontology: Hyperlink Gene Summary: This gene is a member of the peptidase C19 family and encodes a protein that is similar to ubiquitin-specific proteases. Though this gene is located on the X chromosome, it escapes X-inactivation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Turner syndrome. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Translational Modifications of the Energy Guardian AMP-Activated
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Post-Translational Modifications of the Energy Guardian AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Ashley J. Ovens 1,2 , John W. Scott 2,3,4 , Christopher G. Langendorf 3, Bruce E. Kemp 2,3, Jonathan S. Oakhill 1,2 and William J. Smiles 1,* 1 Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; [email protected] (A.J.O.); [email protected] (J.S.O.) 2 Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC 3000, Australia; [email protected] (J.W.S.); [email protected] (B.E.K.) 3 Protein Chemistry & Metabolism, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; [email protected] 4 The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Physical exercise elicits physiological metabolic perturbations such as energetic and ox- idative stress; however, a diverse range of cellular processes are stimulated in response to combat these challenges and maintain cellular energy homeostasis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a highly conserved enzyme that acts as a metabolic fuel sensor and is central to this adaptive response to exercise. The complexity of AMPK’s role in modulating a range of cellular signalling cascades is well documented, yet aside from its well-characterised regulation by activation loop phosphorylation, AMPK is further subject to a multitude of additional regulatory stimuli. There- fore, in this review we comprehensively outline current knowledge around the post-translational Citation: Ovens, A.J; Scott, J.W; modifications of AMPK, including novel phosphorylation sites, as well as underappreciated roles for Langendorf, C.G; Kemp, B.E; Oakhill, ubiquitination, sumoylation, acetylation, methylation and oxidation.
    [Show full text]
  • GILZ-Dependent Modulation of Mtorc1 Regulates Spermatogonial Maintenance Hue M
    © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2018) 145, dev165324. doi:10.1242/dev.165324 STEM CELLS AND REGENERATION RESEARCH ARTICLE GILZ-dependent modulation of mTORC1 regulates spermatogonial maintenance Hue M. La1,2,*, Ai-Leen Chan1,2,*, Julien M. D. Legrand1,2, Fernando J. Rossello1,2, Christina G. Gangemi1,2, Antonella Papa3, Qiang Cheng4, Eric F. Morand4 and Robin M. Hobbs1,2,‡ ABSTRACT prospermatogonia) upon migration to the basement membrane of Male fertility is dependent on spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that the seminiferous cords. The undifferentiated population contains self-renew and produce differentiating germ cells. Growth factors isolated spermatogonia (A-single or As) plus chains of cells produced within the testis are essential for SSC maintenance interconnected by cytoplasmic bridges. Two-cell chains are but intrinsic factors that dictate the SSC response to these stimuli known as A-paired (Apr) whereas chains of four or more cells are poorly characterised. Here, we have studied the role of GILZ, are known as A-aligned (Aal). Lineage-tracing studies demonstrate α a TSC22D family protein and spermatogenesis regulator, in that SSCs are marked by GFR 1 and typically As and Apr,whereas spermatogonial function and signalling. Although broadly expressed most undifferentiated cells, particularly Aal, are committed in the germline, GILZ was prominent in undifferentiated spermatogonia progenitors and marked by NGN3 (Hara et al., 2014; Nakagawa + and Gilz deletion in adults resulted in exhaustion of the GFRα1+ et al., 2010). NGN3 Aal may revert to SSCs through chain SSC-containing population and germline degeneration. GILZ loss fragmentation, particularly upon tissue damage (Nakagawa et al., γ was associated with mTORC1 activation, suggesting enhanced 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • An ERG Enhancer–Based Reporter Identifies Leukemia Cells With
    Published OnlineFirst June 7, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-3215 Cancer Molecular Cell Biology Research An ERG Enhancer–Based Reporter Identifies Leukemia Cells with Elevated Leukemogenic Potential Driven by ERG-USP9X Feed-Forward Regulation Nasma Aqaqe1, Muhammad Yassin1, Abed Alkader Yassin1, Nour Ershaid1, Chen Katz-Even1, Adi Zipin-Roitman1, Eitan Kugler3,4,5, Eric R. Lechman2, Olga I. Gan2, Amanda Mitchell2, John E. Dick2, Shai Izraeli3,4,5, and Michael Milyavsky1 Abstract Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing blood cancer with fraction was enriched for leukemia-initiating cells in a low survival rates. Unfavorable prognosis is attributed to xenograft assay. We identified the ubiquitin hydrolase insufficiently characterized subpopulations of leukemia USP9X as a novel ERG transcriptional target that sustains stem cells (LSC) that drive chemoresistance and leukemia ERGþ85–positive cells by controlling ERG ubiquitination. relapse. Here we utilized a genetic reporter that assesses Therapeutic targeting of USP9X led to preferential inhibi- stemness to enrich and functionally characterize LSCs. We tion of the ERG-dependent leukemias. Collectively, these observed heterogeneous activity of the ERGþ85 enhancer– results characterize human leukemia cell functional hetero- based fluorescent reporter in human leukemias. Cells geneity and suggest that targeting ERG via USP9X inhibi- with high reporter activity (tagBFPHigh) exhibited elevated tion may be a potential treatment strategy in patients with expression of stemness and chemoresistance genes and leukemia. demonstrated increased clonogenicity and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy as compared with their tagBFPNeg Significance: This study couples a novel experimental tool counterparts. The tagBFPHigh fraction was capable of regen- with state-of-the-art approaches to delineate molecular erating the original cellular heterogeneity and demonstrat- mechanisms underlying stem cell-related characteristics in ed increased invasive ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of AMPK-Related Kinases by USP9X and Atypical Lys29/Lys33
    Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys29/Lys33-linked polyubiquitin chains Abdallah K Al-Hakim, Anna Zagorska, Louise Chapman, Maria Deak, Mark Peggie, Dario R Alessi To cite this version: Abdallah K Al-Hakim, Anna Zagorska, Louise Chapman, Maria Deak, Mark Peggie, et al.. Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys29/Lys33-linked polyubiquitin chains. Biochemical Journal, Portland Press, 2008, 411 (2), pp.249-260. 10.1042/BJ20080067. hal-00478950 HAL Id: hal-00478950 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00478950 Submitted on 30 Apr 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Biochemical Journal Immediate Publication. Published on 06 Feb 2008 as manuscript BJ20080067 Control of AMPK-related kinases by USP9X and atypical Lys29/Lys33-linked polyubiquitin chains. By Abdallah K. Al-Hakim1, Anna Zagorska1, Louise Chapman1, Maria Deak1, Mark Peggie1, and Dario R. Alessi1 MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, MSI/WTB complex, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. Correspondence to DRA ([email protected]) Tel +44 1382 344241 Fax +44 1382 223778 Running Title: USP9X deubiquitinates NUAK1 and MARK4 Key words: Ubiquitin specific protease, protein kinase, ubiquitination, deubiquitination, LKB1.
    [Show full text]
  • AFDN (Afadin, Adherens Junction Formation Factor)
    Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL INIST-CNRS Gene Section Review AFDN (afadin, adherens junction formation factor) Jean Loup Huret, Philippe Dessen [email protected] (JLH); UMR 1170 INSERM, Gustave Roussy, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805 Villejuif 94805, France (PHD) Published in Atlas Database: December 2018 Online updated version : http://AtlasGeneticsOncology.org/Genes/AF6ID6.html Printable original version : http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/70479/12-2018-AF6ID6.pdf DOI: 10.4267/2042/70479 This article is an update of : Huret JL. MLLT4 (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia (trithorax). Atlas Genet Cytogenet Oncol Haematol 1997;1(2) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.0 France Licence. © 2019 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology Abstract Afadin, the protein coded by AFDN (6q27), also known as AF6 or MLLT4, is a cytoskeletal and junction-associated protein that links nectins, transmembrane proteins, to the F-actin (actin cytoskeleton) in a type of cell-cell junctions: the adherens junctions (AJs). Afadin plays an important role in AJs integrity and apical-basal polarity. There is growing evidence of it's role in carcinogenesis. Keywords Afadin; AFDN; AF6; MLLT4; Cytoskeleton; Cell- cell junctions; Adherens junctions; Apical-basal polarity; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition; Tight junctions; Mitotic spindle orientation; Migration; Nectin; Actin; Acute myeloid leukemia; Breast Figure 1 Localization of AFDN (also called AF6 or MLLT4) cancer; Colon cancer; Pancreatic cancer; - Courtesy Mariano Rocchi. Endometrial cancer; Gastric cancer; Osteosarcoma; Neurone synapse. DNA/RNA Identity Description HGNC (Hugo): AFDN The AFDN gene, located on 6q27, has a genomic size of 145,030 bases and encodes for several Location: 6q27 transcripts on the position chr6:167826991- Other names: MLLT4, AF6 167972020 in the + strand.
    [Show full text]
  • A Close Correlation in the Expression Patterns of Af-6 and Usp9x in Sertoli and Granulosa Cells of Mouse Testis and Ovary
    REPRODUCTIONRESEARCH A close correlation in the expression patterns of Af-6 and Usp9x in Sertoli and granulosa cells of mouse testis and ovary Takeshi Sato, Yoshiakira Kanai, Takashi Noma, Masami Kanai-Azuma2, Shinichiro Taya3, Toshiyasu Matsui, Maki Ishii, Hayato Kawakami2, Masamichi Kurohmaru, Kozo Kaibuchi3, Stephen A Wood4 and Yoshihiro Hayashi1 Department of Veterinary Anatomy and 1Department of Global Agricultural Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan, 3Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan, 2Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan, 3The Child Health Research Institute, 72 King William Rd, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia Correspondence should be addressed to Y Kanai; Email: [email protected] Abstract Usp9x, an X-linked deubiquitylating enzyme, is stage dependently expressed in the supporting cells (i.e. Sertoli cells and gran- ulosa cells) and germ cells during mouse gametogenesis. Af-6, a cell junction protein, has been identified as a substrate of Usp9x, suggesting a possible association between Usp9x and Af-6 in spermatogenesis and oogenesis. In this study, we exam- ined the expression pattern of Af-6 and Usp9x and their intracellular localization in testes and ovaries of mice treated with or without pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), an FSH-like hormone. In both testes and ovaries, Af-6 expression was predominantly observed in supporting cells, as well as in steroidogenic cells, but not in any germ cells. In Sertoli cells, Af-6 was continuously expressed throughout postnatal and adult stages, where both Af-6 and Usp9x were enriched at the sites of Sertoli–Sertoli and Sertoli–spermatid junctions especially at stages XI–VI.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLISHED VERSION Shane Stegeman, Lachlan A. Jolly, Susitha
    PUBLISHED VERSION Shane Stegeman, Lachlan A. Jolly, Susitha Premarathne, Jozef Gecz, Linda J. Richards, Alan Mackay-Sim and Stephen A. Wood Loss of Usp9x disrupts cortical architecture, hippocampal development and TGFβ- mediated axonogenesis PLoS One, 2013; 8(7):1-12 Copyright: © 2013 Stegeman et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.. PERMISSIONS http://www.plosone.org/static/license Open-Access License No Permission Required PLOS applies the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license to all works we publish (read the human- readable summary or the full license legal code). Under the CC BY license, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in PLOS journals, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers. In most cases, appropriate attribution can be provided by simply citing the original article (e.g., Kaltenbach LS et al. (2007) Huntingtin Interacting Proteins Are Genetic Modifiers of Neurodegeneration. PLOS Genet 3(5): e82. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030082). If the item you plan to reuse is not part of a published article (e.g., a featured issue image), then please indicate the originator of the work, and the volume, issue, and date of the journal in which the item appeared. For any reuse or redistribution of a work, you must also make clear the license terms under which the work was published.
    [Show full text]