Index

A AMD, 95 Aboitiz Group of Companies, 80 American Pacific University, 162 “above-scale” enterprise, 181 Anna University, 232 Academia Sinica, 318 Apple Computer, 256 Act Governing the Allocation of APTECH, 162 Government Revenues and Aquino, Corazon, 72 Expenditures, 320 Arima Display Corporation, 310 Act for the Establishment of Manage­ ASA (Advanced Systems Automation), ment of Free Trade Zones, 315 257 Advanced Display Park, 260 Ascendas, 232 Advanced Semiconductor, 184, 310 ASEAN (Association of Southeast Advanced Systems Automation, see ASA Asian Nations), 40, 47–48, AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Agreement), 127–28, 131 252 members, 252 Agency for Science Technology and ASEAN-6, 47 Research (A*STAR), 254, 260, ASEAN China Investment Agreement, 262–63, 267 45 agglomeration, 8–10, 12–13, 17, 45, ASEAN Economic Community, 142 90, 142, 172–75, 177, 187, 195, ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), 205, 256, 280, 291, 299, 302, 252 358, 375 Asia negative aspects of, 9 economic growth in, 13 Agilent, 184 urbanization rate, 13 AIADMK (All India Anna Dravida Asian 1997 financial crisis, 71, 101, Munnetra Kazhagam), 220, 223 112, 284, 289, 295–96 see also DMK Asian Development Bank, 70, 375 Akai Electronics, 217 Asian Institute of Technology, 133–34 Alcatel, 184 Asiatown IT Park, 70 Alps Electric, 126 ASML, 332 Altera, 95 “associational economies”, 65

384

14 AGindex.indd 384 10/29/13 4:47:02 PM Index 385

Association of Electronics Industries of political families, 369 Singapore, 265 position in global marketplace, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, 74 see ASEAN pre-Spanish, 60 A*STAR (Agency for Science regional politico-economy, 74–76 Technology and Research), 254, Special Economic Zones in, 79 260, 262–63, 267 vertical networking, 71–73 Ayala Land Incorporation, 70, 80 see also Philippines Cebu Chamber of Commerce and B Industry, 70 Berlin Wall, 258 Cebu City Council, 80 Bhumipol Adulyadej, 124 Cebu Investment Promotion Centre, Bilateral Trade Agreement, 152 71 boosterism, 76, 80 Cebu Mitsumi, Inc., 64 BOI (Board of Investment), 61, 131, Cebu Property Ventures and 133–34, 136, 141, 144 Development Corporation Bosch, 331 (CPVDC), 70 BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer), Celestica, 95 financing, 73, 81 CEMs (contract electronics bottom-up development, 172, 177 manufacturers), 95–96, 99, 115, “Brainport 2020 Vision”, 339, 349–50 217, 362, 377–78 Brainport Development, 348 “centrifugal forces”, 43, 49 Brainport Foundation, 345 “centripetal forces”, 43, 49 Brainport Navigator programme, 349 Chamber of Commerce of Eindhoven, Brainport Programme, 345, 347 347 branch plant economy, 294 Changi Airport, 252 Broadcom Singapore, 246 Chartered Industries, 246 “broker” policies, 17 Chartered Semiconductor, 246 Brother, 96, 115 Chengdu business park, 70 electronics industry, profile of, Business Process Outsourcing, 179 178–85 Bumiputera, 101, 108, 110, 114 gateway to the west, as, 173 BYD, 216 successful development of, 185–88 urbanization, 189–91 C see also China Canon, 153, 246 Chengdu Aircraft Industry capitalism, 15, 258 Corporation, 179, 188 “Ceboom”, 63, 68, 71, 80 Chengdu Hi-Tech Industrial Cebu Development Zone, 189 export activities of, 64 Chengdu Hi-Tech Integrated Bonded FDI in, 61, 77 Area, 190 horizontal networking, 68–71 Chengdu Telecommunication policy and framework, 372–73 Engineering College, 186

14 AGindex.indd 385 10/29/13 4:47:02 PM 386 Index

Chi-Chen, Taiwanese firm, 311 comparative advantage, theory of, 7 China comparative politics, 15 defence industry, 186–87 Competition Act, 252 electronics industry in, 180 competition, at sub-national level, 14 FDI in, 174, 179 Compound, plants, 261 Five Year Plan, 186–88, 193 Confederation of Indian Industries, local industrial development in, 236 174–76 Congress Party, 219 roles of central and provincial states, Conner Peripherals, 256, 258 192–94 consumer electronics, 34, 211 world electronics factory, as, 171 contract electronics manufacturers see also Chengdu (CEMs), 95–96, 99, 115, 217, China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement, 362, 377–78 44 controlled liberalization, 208 China Aviation Industry Corporation, Copyrights Law, 257 188 “coupling” strategy, 173, 177, 185 China , 316 external, 187–88 China Steel, 316 perspective, in, 191–92 Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Corporate Synergy Development Industry, 108 Centre, 314 Chinese Petroleum Corporation, 316 Corruption Perceptions Index, 251 Christian Democrat, 341 CPE (cultural political economy), 65 Chu Chen, 322 CPVDC (Cebu Property Ventures and Chu-lan Yeh, 322 Development Corporation), 70 Cisco, 34 Creative Technology, 246 “Cities of the Future”, 163 “cultural subnationalism”, 221 Classic Advantage, 96, 113 “cultural turn”, 65 clientalism, 138 Cypress Semiconductor, 216 Cluster Development Fund, 260 clusters, 7–10, 12–13, 41, 172 D accounting for patterns of, 138–42 Daeduck Science Town, 283–84 analyzing hi-tech, 205–07 Electronics, 295 benefits of, 205 Damrong Rajanupab, 129 definition, 24 Da Nang Clusters approach, 17 economy structure, 155 Cold War, 258 exports, 156 collaborative learning, 8–9 FDI, 154 “Collective Efficiency” school, 8, 14, 17 GDP, 154 Common Effective Preferential Tariff industrial development in, 154–57 Scheme, 252 infrastructure in, 161–62 Communist Party, 160 investments in, 160 Compal, 185 market-complementing measures, Companies Act, 251 164

14 AGindex.indd 386 10/29/13 4:47:02 PM Index 387

municipal government, and, Economic Region (ER) scheme, 285, 157–64, 363–64 287 municipal ranking, 162–63 economic transformation, 20 see also Vietnam “economic twinning”, 103 Data Storage Institute, 260 economies of scale, 11–12, 49, 249 decentralization, 4–5, 14, 23, 66, 67, EDB (Economic Development Board), 80, 172, 175–76, 192–93, 195, 253–54, 256–58, 266, 260, 264 228, 281, 285, 322, 363–65, scholarship, 262 367, 375, 380 Eindhoven defence industry, 186–87 Hi Tech Campus, 346–47 Dell, 185, 217, 262 municipalities and city-region of, “demand-side” policies, 17 343–46 Democratic Progressive Party, 321 see also Netherlands; North Brabant desk research, 68 ELAT (Eindhoven Leuven Aachen Developing the Central Region Triangle) organization, 351 Programme, 193 ELCOT (Electronics Corporation of “development zone fever”, 176 Tamil Nadu), 224, 237 de Wild, Henk, 347 Electrical and Electronics Industry Diodes, 184 Institute (EEI), 132, 134 DMK (Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam), Electrical, Electronic and Allied 220, 223 Industries Club, 132 see also AIADMK electronic capital goods, 34 diseconomies of scale, 11 electronic clusters, 12–13 double taxation agreements, 252 Electronic Hardware Manufacturing Dravidianism, 220 Policy, 228 , 115 electronic manufacturing services (EMS), 249, 262 E Electronic Research and Service E&E Cluster Association, 109 Organization (ERSO), 311 e-ASEAN Framework Agreement, Electronics and Computer Software 31–32, 47–48 Council, 207 Ease of Doing Business, 251 electronic sector East Asia Miracle, 30 entry barriers into, 34 East Asian Renaissance, An, 13 workers employed in, 48–49 East Asian “Tigers”, 32, 39, 305 “electronic wave”, 245 economic crisis of 2008, 339 elite theory, 75 Economic Development Board, see EDB embedded autonomy, 66 Economic Expansion Incentives Emerging Display Technologies Amendment Act, 254 Corporation, 310 economic globalization, 5, 10–11 Employment Act, 251, 253 Economic Intelligence Unit, 42 EMS (electronic manufacturing economic liberalization, 174–75, 195 services), 249, 262 economic nationalism, 12 “enclaves”, 4

14 AGindex.indd 387 10/29/13 4:47:03 PM 388 Index

Endogenous Growth school, 8, 24 Fiscal Responsibility Act, 227 Entrepreneurial Development Unit, Five Year, Fifty Billion programme, 111 314 Epitaxy Wafer Fabrication, plants, 261 Fixed Asset Investments (FAI), Epson, 96, 115 247–49 EPZ (export-processing zone), 306, “flexible specialization”, 300 309, 310, 318, 323, 379 Flextronics, 95, 111, 217, 262 EPZ Industrial Innovation Service “flying geese” phenomenon, 4 Group, 314 Ford, 216, 225 ER (Economic Region) scheme, 285, foreign direct investment, see FDI 287 Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Law, Ericsson, 184, 331 150 ERSO (Electronic Research and Service Foreign Investment Zone, 299 Organization), 311 Foxconn, 185, 217, 314 Estrada, Joseph, 72 Franco-Singapore Technical Institute, EU (European Union), 329, 348 255 EU Regional Innovation Scoreboard, Freescale, 184 329 FTA (Free Trade Area), 128 European Commission, 11 Fujitsu, 96, 126, 131, 134, 184 European Social Fund, 348 Executive Yuan, 321 G export-oriented industrialization, 280 G-77, 49 export-processing zone (EPZ), 306, General Electric, 255 309–10, 312, 318, 323, 379 General Motors, 61 externalities, 7, 12 geo-economic units, 11 negative, 14 geography of production, 3–4, 121 positive, 10 GERI (Gumi Electronics & Information Technology Research F Institute), 299 FAI (Fixed Asset Investments), 247–49 German-Singapore Training Institute, FDI (foreign direct investment), 45 254 bilateral flows between Asian Geumho Institute of Technology, 301 countries, 44 global financial crisis, 43 policy, 36, 40 “global Fordism”, 300 Fairchild, 95, 255 Global Fortune 500, 179 federal market economy, 222 Global Innovation Networks (GIN), Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers, 31–32, 40, 42–43, 45 108 globalization, 5, 10–11, 30–32, 40–41, Feder model, 310 46, 60, 175, 195, 208, 262, 266 “Filipino First”, 61 global production networks, 4, 30, “Filipino national identity”, 71 32–34 firm clusters, 12 Goh Keng Swee, 258, 264 First Engineering, 96 government, defined as, 24

14 AGindex.indd 388 10/29/13 4:47:03 PM Index 389

GPN (Global Production Networks), HCL Infosystems, 217–18 31–32, 34–36, 39, 41–42, 45, HDDI ( Institute), 362 134–35 defined as, 381 HDDs (hard disk drives), production, GPT, 47 123, 125–27, 131–36, 139, 142, Greater Mekong region, 143 258, 263 “Green Silicon Island”, 314 Hewlett Packard, 96, 115, 246, Growth Triangle concept, 257 255–56, 258 Gumi city Hitachi, 96, 126, 135 exports from, 289 Hitachi/Nippon Steel, 261 firm size, changes in, 294–96 Hi Tech Automotive Campus, 343 industrial cluster, evolution of, hi-tech clusters, analyzing, 205–07 291–92, 298 Hi Tech Park, Da Nang, 161–62 industrial specialization, 292–94, 302 Hoa Khanh Industrial Park, 161 growth rates, annual, 290 Hong Kong Trade Development innovation and knowledge networks, Council, 171 296–98 Horizon Programme, 345, 348 local government, changes in role of, “horizontal competition”, 220 298–300 horizontal linkages, 368–72 location, 288 horizontal networks, 68, 68–71 manufacturing establishments in, 288 public-private coordination, patents in, 296–97 68, 74 population, 289 Hsieh Chang-ting, Frank, 321 see also Hsinchu High-Tech Park, 318 Gumi Electronic Industrial Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park Corporation, 292 (HSIP), 312, 371 Gumi Electronics & Information Huan-yu, Taiwanese firm, 311 Technology Research Institute Hua-Tai, Taiwanese firm, 311 (GERI), 299 Huawei, 184, 216 Gumi Export Industrial Corporation, Hub-and-Spoke industrial district, 290 206–07, 218, 377–78 Gumi Small & Medium Business human capital, 8, 36, 39, 43, 48, 187, Association, 300 220, 232, 312 Gyongsangbuk province, 298 Human Resources Management Service leading industries in, 299 Centre, 343 Gyungbuk National University, 291 Hurks, Theo, 347 Hyundai, 216 H HannStar Display, 310 I hard disk media industry, 263 IBM, 131–32, 360 “hard” infrastructure, 4 IC (integrated circuits) industry, 184, Harvard Institute for International 188, 191, 246, 248–49, 256, Development, 227 262–63, 312–13, 318

14 AGindex.indd 389 10/29/13 4:47:03 PM 390 Index

ICTI, 179 Information Technology Agreement ICT Transaction Centre, 163 (ITA), 31, 42, 47–48, 128 IDA (Infocom Development Information Technology Industry Authority), 49 Development Master Plan, 132 IDEMA (International Drive Information Technology Institute of Equipment and Manufacturers Tamil Nadu, 227 Association), 133–35 Information Technology policy, 225 Identive, 216 innovation, definition, 90 IEAT (Industrial Estate Authority of Institute of Field Robotics, 132 Thailand), 136–37, 143 Institute of Management Development, IIT (Indian Institute of Technology), 111 226, 232 Institute of Microelectronics, 259 India “institutionalization”, of political economic reforms, 203 rhetoric, 221 electronics industry in, 207–18 “institutional thickness”, 65 FDI in, 207 integrated circuits (IC) industry, 184, geographic distribution of electronics 188, 191, 246, 248–49, 256, sector, 212–15 262–63, 312–13, 318 states, and, 218–20 Intel, 34, 95, 132, 153, 184 see also Tamil Nadu Intellectual Property Law, 251–52 Industrial Arbitration Act, 251 intellectual property rights, 39 “industrial districts”, 205 Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), 73, Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand 80 (IEAT), 136–37, 143 International Drive Equipment and Industrial Expansion Ordinance, 253 Manufacturers Association Industrial Innovation Act, 315, 321 (IDEMA), 133–35 industrialization, 12–13, 15, 101–02, International Enterprise Singapore, 254 121, 150–51, 223, 245, 251, internationalization, 360 279, 281–82, 305, 310–11, 313, International Semiconductor Products, 357, 359–60, 366, 368–71, 373, 260 376, 380 “intrapreneuring” concept, 110 “industrial policy model”, 16 Investment Law, 150, 153 “industrial-technological investment liberalization, 31, 40, 46 transformation”, 18–19 Investment Promotion of the Hard Industrial Technology Institute, 111 Disk Drive Industry, 135 Industrial Technology Research ITA (Information Technology Institute (ITRI), 311–12, 314, Agreement), 31, 42, 47–48, 128 318 “Italian” industrial district, 205–06, industrial upgrading, 32–33 377, 379 Industry 21, 259 IT goods and services, production of, inflation, 34, 48 34–35, 48 Infocom Development Authority IT industry, 41, 42, 207 (IDA), 49 IT manpower, 48

14 AGindex.indd 390 10/29/13 4:47:04 PM Index 391

IT revolution, 30–31, 33–34 Johor Corporation for Entrepreneurs, IT production, facilitators of, 35–36 108 ITRI (Industrial Technology Research Johor Operational Master Plan, 103, Institute), 311–12, 314, 318 112 IRA (Internal Revenue Allotment), 73, Johor Skills Development Centre, 109, 80 111 IRDA (Iskandar Regional Development Johor Technology Park, 112, 115 Authority), 102–03, 106–07 JSIC (Johor State Investment Centre), 101–02, 107 J Jurong Town Corporation, 254, 260 Jabil Circuit, 111, 217 JVC, 256 jaebol (conglomeration), 281–83, 360, 371 K Japan Kaohsiung investments in Asia, 43 budget allocation, 320 firms in Cebu, 61, 63 economic development, and central Japanese Overseas Economic policies, 315–18 Cooperation Fund, 70 economy and electronics sector, Japan External Trade Organization, overview of, 306–10 164 EPZ (export-processing zone), 306, Japan-Singapore Institute of Software 309–10, 312 Technology, 255 industrial structure, overview of, Jcorp, 101–02, 104, 107–08, 111–14 307 portfolios, 109–10 industries, evolution of, 317 JCS (Johor Civil Service), 100 institutions and policies, 321–23 Johor, 88–89 international tenants in, 309 agricultural sector, 369 manufacturing sector, 310 Economic Plan, 102–03 population, 305–06, 321 Economic Development Masterplan, Ten Major Infrastructure Projects, 115 316 electronics industry in, 91–99 see also Taiwan Industrial Master Plan, 103 Kaohsiung Science Park, 318 industrial parks in, 104, 105 KEIC (Korea Electronics Industrial key policy frameworks, 102–09 Corporation), 290–91 market failures, addressing, Kenwood, 115 109–13 Khazanah, 103 palm oil producer, 91 Khon Kaen University, 132 state government organizations in, King Mongkut Institute of Technology, 100–02 132–33 State Secretary, 100–01 knowledge-based economy, 259–60 see also Malaysia; Penang Korea Johor Business and Industry Club, cluster policies, 284–88 108 FDI in, 281

14 AGindex.indd 391 10/29/13 4:47:04 PM 392 Index

Five-Year Economic Development M Plan, 279–80 Mactan Export Processing Zones GNP (gross national product), 279 (MEPZ), 61, 71 GRP (gross regional product), 280 Mactan Island, 61 Gyongsangbuk province, 298–99 Magnecomp Precision Technology, 126, industrial policies, 280–88 135 innovation policy, 282–84 Malaysia jaebol (conglomeration), 281–83, electrical and electronics (E&E) 360, 371 sector, 87, 91, 103–06, 108 local government revenue, 286 federation, 100 local government system, 298 state governments in, 88 Participatory Government, 284 see also Johor; Penang policy framework until 2002, Malaysian Institute of Microelectronic 280–82 Systems (MIMOS), 112–13 see also Gumi city Malaysian International Chamber of Korea Electronics Industrial Commerce and Industry, 108 Corporation (KEIC), 290–91 Malaysian Islamic Chamber of Korean War, 279 Commerce, 108 KR Precision, 133, 135 Malaysia Plan, 115 Kuala Lumpur stock exchange, 101 manufacturing, 4, 91 Kuomintang, 321 clusters, 12 Manufacturing Integrated Technology, L 258 labour market, 7 Marcos, Ferdinand, 61, 69, 72, 361, Laird Technologies, 216 364 Lam Chuan Leong, 49 Marketech International Corporation, land bank, 104 314 land zoning, 16 marketization, 175, 195 Law of Contract, 251 Marshallian industrial district, 205 Lenovo, 185 Martial Law, 69, 321 Lexmark International, 64 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexmark’s Research and Development 262 Corporation, 64 Matsushita, 260 life-long learning, 343 Maxtor, 256, 258 LG Electronics, 126, 294 MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical LG Inno Tech, 294 Systems), plants, 261, 263 LG-Phillips, 284 MEPZ (Mactan Export Processing LIUP (Local Industry Upgrading Zones), 61, 71 Programme), 257, 266 Micropolis, 133, 258 Local Area scheme, 285 Microsoft, 132, 222 Local Government Code, 72, 73, 80 military electronics, 184 Local Government Units (LGU), 72, MIMOS (Malaysian Institute of 80 Microelectronic Systems), 112–13

14 AGindex.indd 392 10/29/13 4:47:04 PM Index 393

Minebea, 126 National University of Kaohsiung, 318 MIRT budget, 346 National Wage Council, 255 Mitsubishi, 96, 216 nation-state in business systems, role Mitsumi, 64 of, 66 MNCs (multi-national companies), NBDA (North Brabant Development 36, 41, 45, 63, 64, 74, 112, Agency), 343, 375 153, 212, 218, 245–46, 254–59, NEC, 61, 217 264–66, 310, 323, 331, 338, NECTEC (National Electronic and 360–62, 369–74, 378–79 Computer Technology Center), Moser Baer, 216 131–32, 134–35 Motorola, 184, 216 “Nehruvian” economy, 222 neo-classical model, 24 N Netherlands Naidu, Chandrababu, 222 Key Area Strategy, policy, 337, 350 National Building Code, 73 most populated province, 329 National Central University, 312 Point One programme, 338 National Cheng Kung University, 314 provincial elections, 341 National Chiao-Tung University, 312 R&D in, 331–32 National Development and Reform regional policies, 336–39 Commission, 174 sub-national governments in, National Electronic and Computer 339–46 Technology Center (NECTEC), “Top Sectors” approach, 338, 346, 131–32, 134–35 350 National Information Technology WGR-plus-region, 344–45 Committee, 132 see also Eindhoven; North Brabant National Innovation System (NIS), New Economic Policy, 101 definition, 37 New Industrial District, 292 National Institute of Technology, 232 New Industrial Policy, 228 National Kaohsiung First University of “new regionalism”, 65 Science and Technology, 316, 318 Nguyen Ba Thanh, 160–61 National Nano Device Laboratories, NHK, 126 318 NICs (Newly Industrialized Countries), National Research Foundation, 264 72, 102, 359–60 National Science and Technology Nidec Electronics, 126 Board, 259, 267 Nitto Denko, 126 National Science and Technology NIS (National Innovation System), Development Agency (NSTDA), definition, 37 131–32, 134 NMB-Minebea Thai, 137 National Semiconductor, 95, 255 No. 10 Research Institute, 186 National Sun Yat-Sen University, 314 Nokia, 153, 184, 216, 218 National Technology Plan, 259 North Brabant National Trade Union Congress, 253 “Agenda for Brabant”, 341 National Tsing-Hua University, 312 Brabantstad, 345

14 AGindex.indd 393 10/29/13 4:47:04 PM 394 Index

determinants of success, 346–52 Osmeña, Don Sergio, 72 economic specializations in, 335 Osmeña, Emilio “Lito”, 69, 72, 73, 75, GRP (gross regional product), 329 80, 364 location quotients for, 333–35 Osmeña, Tomas “Tommy”, 69 main policy challenges, 350–52 Oss Life Sciences Park, 343 patent applications from, 330–31 outsourcing, 41 population, 329 Oxford Analytica, 220 R&D spending in, 350 see also Eindhoven; Netherlands P North Brabant Development Agency palm oil producer, 91 (NBDA), 343, 375 , 96, 115, 153, 217 Northern Region Industrial Estate, Pan-Blue Coalition, 321 136 Pan-Green Coalition, 321–22 NSTDA (National Science and PAOs (Provincial Administrative Technology Development Organizations), 129–30, 137, Agency), 131–32, 134 139–41, 143 NXP Semiconductors, 332 PAP (People’s Action Party), 251 Pasir Gudang, industrial park, 104–08, O 111, 114 OBM (Original Brand Manufacturer), PCA, 96 32, 36 PCB (printed circuit board), assembly, ODM (Original Design Manufacturer), 95, 115 36 “Peaks in the Delta”, policy paper, OECD (Organisation for Economic 336–38, 346, 350 Co-operation and Development), Penang 11, 330–31, 339, 344, 349 electronic sector, 92–99 sub-national expenditure and see also Johor; Malaysia revenues in, 342 Perlos, 216 OEM (Original Equipment Philippine Economic Zone Authority, Manufacturer), 32, 36, 262 70 OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Philippines, the Investment), 31–32, 40 electronic industry, 78 China and India, 43–45 “Filipino First”, 61 “offshoring” model, 96 “Filipino national identity”, 71 oil crisis, 255 political economy, 66, 68 open world economy, 31 see also Cebu Optosensors, 96 , 126, 255, 310, 336, 346–49, Oracle, 132 379 “organizational duplication”, 366 founded in, 331, 359 organizing production, new forms of, relocation to Amsterdam, 347 10 Philips High-Tech Campus, 346–47 OSE (Orient Semiconductor Pioneer, 96 Electronics), 310 Pioneer Industry Ordinance, 253

14 AGindex.indd 394 10/29/13 4:47:05 PM Index 395

Plastics Industry Development Centre, Regional Innovation System school, 9, 314 17 Plaza Accords, 102, 256, 361 regional production networks, 4, 90 political dynasty, 72 Regional Spatial Coordination Bodies, political families, 369 343 political pluralism, 124 research and development (R&D), 31, political rhetoric, “institutionalization” 36, 38, 40, 45, 49, 95, 98, 104, of, 221 112, 115, 182, 184, 212, 216, politico-economic relational network, 218, 222, 260, 262, 266, 67 282–84, 297, 299–301, 307, Polymatech, 216 314–15, 318, 322–23, 330–32, “populist protectionism”, 221 339, 343, 345–46, 349–52, 381, POSCO, 284 375, 378 Precision Machinery Development spending on, 42, 259 Centre, 314 Research, Design and Engineering primary urban centre, 11–12 Institute, 188 printed circuit board (PCB), assembly, Research Innovation and Enterprise 95, 115 Plan, 266 privatization, 105, 174 Results Based Management, 133 product fragmentation, 13, 121–22, reverse engineering, 128 262 Reviving the Northeast Programme, production processes, 3–4, 10 193 protectionism, 312 RIS (Regional Innovation Systems), Provincial Administrative Organizations 37–38, 46, 89–91, 113, 284 (PAOs), 129–30, 137, 139–41, Roh Moo-Hyun, 284 143 Rojana Industrial Estate, 136, 138 public-private lobby, 70 Route 124, 6–7 Ruping, typhoon, 61 Q qualitative research method, 68 S SAARC, 49 R Saha Union, 135 Ramchandran, M. Gopala, 221 SAJ Holdings Bhd, 106 Ramos, Fidel, 69, 72, 364 Salcomp, 216 RCA, 312 , 153, 217, 284, 295 “relational turn”, 59 San-Ei, 126 regime theory, 75 Sanmina-SCI, 217 region, defined as, 89 , 255 Regional Advantage school, 9, 17 Sarit Thanarat, 125 regional development, relational view Satellite Platform, industrial district, on, 65–67 206, 217, 291, 377–78 Regional Innovation Systems (RIS), Science and Technology Action Plan, 37–38, 46, 89–91, 113, 284 133

14 AGindex.indd 395 10/29/13 4:47:05 PM 396 Index

Seagate Technology, 96, 113, 123, 126, performance indicators, 247 133–36, 256, 263 productivity, 248 “second tier” cities, 13 recession, 255–56 sectoral system of innovation, 38–39, tax incentives, 275–76 46 Singapore Business Federation, 265, “sectoral transformation”, 18, 20 370 Seronics, 294 Singapore Institute of Manufacturing SER (Supra-Economic Region) scheme, Technology (SIMTech), 259 285 Singapore Manufacturers’ Federation, Seto Electronics, 156 265 SEZs (special economic zones), 61, 83, Singapore Stock Exchange, 257 172, 174, 217, 232 Singapore Test and Assembly Services, SGS-Ates, 256 246 Sharp, 96, 115 Singapore University of Technology Shinetsu, 216 and Design, 262 Shinwa Technology, 96 SIPCOT (State Promotional Showa Denko, 263 Corporation of Tamil Nadu), , 255 224, 232, 236 Signet Solar, 216 SIRIM (Standards and Industrial “Silent Revolution”, 4 Research Institute of Malaysia), Siliconcraft, 134 112–13 Silicon Valley, 6, 37, 284 Small Enterprise Bureau, 257 SIMTech (Singapore Institute of SME Association of South Johor, Manufacturing Technology), 259 108–09 Sindora holding company, 111 SMIC, 184 Singapore SMSC, 216 business environment, 251–53 “soft” infrastructure, 4 city-state, as, 69 Software Park Thailand, 132 development philosophy, 263–65 Solectron, 262 development policies, through the Sony-Ericsson, 216 decades, 251–65, 374 Southern Johor Economic Region, domestic exports, 250, 274 88 economic history, 245 South-South Cooperation, 32, 46–47, education system, 257 49 electronics sector, overview of, “space economy”, 279, 282 246–50 Specialist Manpower Programme, 262 export-oriented industrialization, specialized industrial districts, 172 253–55 SPEL Semiconductor, 216 FAI (Fixed Asset Investments), Spice Mobile, 217 247–49 spillover effect, 7–9, 153 FDI in, 247 Standards and Industrial Research legal system, 251–52 Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM), manufacturing sector, 269–73 112–13

14 AGindex.indd 396 10/29/13 4:47:05 PM Index 397

Standards, Productivity and Innovation Taiwan Electrical and Electronic Board, 254 Manufacturers’ Association state government agency, 3 (TEEMA), 315–16, 318 state-level government, 14–15, 88 Tamil Nadu State Promotional Corporation of business environment, 230–31, 366 Tamil Nadu (SIPCOT), 224, economy, 215 232, 236 electronics industry in, 207–18, “sticky” specialization, 32, 41 362 STMicroelectronics, 95, 258 engineers in, 226 “strategic coupling”, see “coupling” fiscal crisis, 227 strategy government finances in, 229 “structural transformation”, 18–20 GRP (gross regional product), 215, structural versus sectoral 228 transformation, 377–79 infrastructure, 230, 232–34 sub-contracting, 41 policy frameworks, 223–37, 374 sub-national government population, 204 attributes, 5–6 state government, 220–23 budget, 5 see also India challenges, 5 Tamil Nadu Industrial Corporation competition, 14 (TIDCO), 224–25, 232, 236 defined as, 20 Tamil Nadu Industrial Guidance and policy-making, 16–19 Export Promotion Bureau, 225 role for, 14–16 Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment variations in growth, 46 Corporation (TIIC), 224, 236 Sunningdale Tech, 96 Tamil Nadu Technology Development Supra-Economic Region (SER) scheme, Promotion Centre, 236 285 Tang Jiqiang, 184 Suriya Technology Design Services, 216 Tanjung Langsat, industrial park, SWM Environment Services, 105 105–06 Tan, Tony, 264 T TAPP Semiconductor, 216 Taiwan tax incentives, 161 central government policies, 310–18 technology acquisition, 8, 19, 24, 127 electronics sector, 313 Technical University of Eindhoven, FDI in, 312 336, 347 financial allocation, and local Technology Park Malaysia, 112–13 government, 319–20 Technology Training Institute, 135 growth rate, 305 technology transfer, 33, 132, 159, 257 municipal elections, 319, 321 Technology University of Malaysia, patents filed, 313 106–07, 111–13 semi-conductor industry, 311 Technopreneurship-21, 260 sub-national relations, 318–21 Technopreneurship Investment Fund, see also Kaohsiung 260

14 AGindex.indd 397 10/29/13 4:47:05 PM 398 Index

TEEMA (Taiwan Electrical and Toyoplas, 115 Electronic Manufacturers’ trade barriers, 12, 39 Association), 315–16, 318 traded interdependencies, 7 Tektronix, 96 trade liberalization, 13, 19, 31, 40, 46, telecommunications equipment, 211 48, 227, 361 Teradyne Philippines, 64 trade policy reforms, 35–36 Texas Instruments, 216, 246, 255–56, trade mission, 70 310, 331 Transparency International, 251 textile industry, 125, 216, 292 Tran Van Minh, 160 Thai baht, devaluation of, 126 triple-helix governance, 348 Thailand Tyco Electronics, 331 decentralizing in, 129–31 electronics industry, 121–22, U 125–29, 136 UNCTAD, 128 exports, 42 UNDP, 154 FDI in, 125–29, 131 UNIDO (United Nations Industrial governor’s role in, 140 Development Organization), 11 industrial clusters, promotion of, Union Technology, 135 131–35, 138–42 Unisem, 184 political economy, features of, United Nations, 252 123–25 Unit for Industrial Linkage regionalism in, 143 Development, 131 rice producers in, 124 University of Electronics Science and Thai Microelectronics Centre Project, Technology of China, 186 132 university-industry interaction, 39 Thaksin Shinawatra, 133 University of Da Nang, 162 “The Big Four”, 12 untraded interdependencies, 7, 65 “Third Front” industrialization project, urbanization economies, 175–76 186 Third Italy, 37 V TI, 184, 185 VCCI (Vietnam Chamber of TIDCO (Tamil Nadu Industrial Commerce and Industry), 157, Corporation), 224–25, 232, 236 162 TIIC (Tamil Nadu Industrial Venture Corporation, 96, 246 Investment Corporation), 224, “vertical competition”, 219 236 vertical linkages, 363–68 Times Higher Education Supplement vertical networks, 39, 67 ranking, 336 national-local political relations, Timex, 61 71–73 TKR Corporation, 156 Videocon, 217–18 TOKO (Electronics Viet Hoa), 156 Vietnam top-down planning, 5, 172 economy structure, 155 Toshiba, 115, 136, 255, 260 Enterprises Law, 156, 369

14 AGindex.indd 398 10/29/13 4:47:06 PM Index 399

FDI in, 150–53, 158 Welschen, Rein, 347 foreign-invested sector (FIS), Western Development Policy, 193 contribution of, 150 Western Digital, 96, 126, 134–36, 263 government structure, 157 “whole nation” bias, 23 Law on Foreign Investment, 152 Wintek, 216 regional industrial development in, Wistron, 185 150–53 World Bank, 11–13, 220, 230, 251–52 see also Da Nang World Cities Summit, 163 Vietnam Provincial Competitiveness “world city”, 77 Index, 157, 162, 164 World Economic Forum, 128 Vietnam UK University, 162 World GDP, 261 VIRTUS, 260 World Trade Organization (WTO), 31, VS Industry, 115 42, 128, 150, 152, 252, 314 World War II, 305, 359 W Wu Den-yih, 321 Wafer Fabrication Specialist Manpower WUS Printed Circuit, 310 Programme, 262 Wang-pang, Taiwanese firm, 311 Z Wearnes Electronics, 96 ZTE, 184

14 AGindex.indd 399 10/29/13 4:47:06 PM