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An Chartlann Naisidnta DE/2/304/1/69 An Chartlann Naisidnta National Archives DE/2/304/1/69 This record has been digitised in partnership with the Housesof the Oireachtas Service and the support of the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht’s digitisation fund Archives are subject to copyright and should not be copied or reproduced withoutthe written permission of the Director of the National Archives “aA representative ofthe Northem Cabinet; Shue ster's disigtlination to enter an J said the reasons were because the ifs of Dail Eireann were not business men cap; of giving the country a good business ation; and because Sinn etaining power and the Sin eight pledge. 8 to have my views on it. I this point over the week-end?’ Re Now to go on to your memorandum, which so good + I wonder if you could, follow that short memorandum sketching the development of the Colonies and extending the idea of entire freedom? 3. I wonder if you could develop more fully that idea of mine about the Irish Constitution being the Supreme Body with an elected representative recognising as a symbol the central figure in the Commonwealth? The idea of Irelani as a mother country with interests to protect. For instance, if America comes into the League Ireland would have a great responsibility for her Nationals in thet country. What I mean in this is the furthest strength Ireland's association would give to such a League. 5. Points of difference between the Colonies and Englmd - points which indicate that the Colonies are evolving to full freedom - the necessity of altering the position to meet the changing conditions. Another point developing a bit more fully the real League of Free Nations idea. 6. DE#2/304/1/69(002) 18th Hovenber, 1921. (2) 6. The final point, that Lloyd George's invitation must mean thet they themselves have a responsibility for defining the new association to emphasise the departure from the old position. There are no precedents for this present sitvation, but this will be & precedent for perhaps meny a new situation. DE#2/304/1/69(003) 9] SE | HOPES j "Jee. the idea..... about the Irish Constitution 1 being the Supreme Body, with an elected representative recognising, as a symbol, the central figure in the Commonwealth." It is inappropriate for individual representatives of a people, in their capacity as such representatives, to give allegiance to anything except to their own State as represented by the Government of the day. That government has its authority from the whole people, and any oath of ellegiance is in fact one of allegiance to the people. In England the Crow has been preserved as the expression of government. (It is no more. The King's speech is the speech of his ministers, and he acts only through his ministers. ) | While it is appropriate, therefore, for British representatives to give an oath of allegiance | to their King as the Symbol of their State, it is not appropriate for the representatives of the other - nations to express allegiance to the King of England | as regards their own national government, which is } independent) of England. But in the relation of the nations of the Commonwealth to each other, the British Crow can fulfil another part. It can ect ss the symbol of the free union of the different countries composing the Commonwealth. But to that symbol it is the chief representative of each nation, who hes been chosen by his people tobe their spokesman, who should express such ellegiénee in the name of the nation for which he speaks. The present oeth of allegiance es used by the Dominions is a confusion of two things. It is used to express allegiance to their om government, and it implies a relationship between their country and the government of Great Britain. That relation hes been in the past one of subordination, and the oath retains the expression of that subordination. But there is now no subordinstion. The governments are completely independent of each other, and the oath in its present form no longer fits the facts. It is unsuitable for expressing allegiance to their own State, end it implies & relationship which does not exist. But the Dominions are willing to be related to Great Britain and to each other in some form of 2 association, and that association could be expressed by @ suitable declaration of allegiance. NOTES ON 4. "....the idea of Ireland as a mother country with interests to protect ..... if America comes in to the League Ireland would have a great responsibility for her nationals in that country secceceee the further strength Ireland's association would give to such e League." If Ireland gets such @ freedom as will satisfy her people in Ireland and in the Dominions and in America, the Commonwealth will be strengthened - and Englend's vitally necessary friendship with America will materialise. And Ireland's inclusion as a free member of the League would consolidate the League, and would operate as a powerful influence upon America to join in such, a\League, Ireland being herself a Mother Country to whom-her nationals in the Dominions and Americe look for association and protection. Those nationals would influence the countries in which they live to remain loyel to or to enter into (in the case of America) such a League, if their mother country were a free constitutional member of it. In this matter the extent to which Ireland is : a mother netion is of-enormous importance. In) such a League Ireland would find something to join for her own sake, in the further link she would get with /her children, and would be not merely acquiescing out of deference to British susceptibilities. 4 England's fear of Ireland as a possibly hostile nation, or a.hostile base, would be gone, with the possibility of war between England and America ended, if England, Ireland and America were associated in such a way. Anglo-d4merican friendship would be secured. Doubly assured, the British in America joined to the British in England, the Irish in America joined to the Irish in Ireland. It would be the wish and the effort of the Irish people in every country of such a League to preserve the union by means of which they were allied to each other and were united to their mother country. DE#2/304/1/69(005) ae i nine NOTES ON and 6. "Development of the Colonies to complete 2,5 freedom: matters to be adjusted between Great Britain and the Dominions; the form of association which might become a real League of Nations: Mr. Lloyd George's invitation to Ireland to join such an association." DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLONIES T0 COMPLETE FREEDOM: In the eighteenth century the colonies were regarded as "foreign plantetions" developed by the Mother Country for the purpose of supplying her with rew materials, and of providing markets for her manufacturers. A paper in the Regord Office dated 1726 seys:- "All advantageous projects or commercial gain in any colony which are truly prejudicial to, and inconsistent with, the interests of the Miother’Coumtry, must be understood to be illegal.and the-prectice of them unwarranteable; because they contradict the end for which the colonies had a being.” Assemblies grew up in the) colonies, but, according to the English view, they were subordinate to the English King and Parliament. England cleimed the right to tax the colonies, end the Stamp Act of 1765 resulted in the American Decleration of Independence. With regard to the remaining colonies, the development towards independence has been gradual end is still teking place. Their distance from England enabled them tomeintain e virtual independence es to their internal concerns, In this distance wes their advantage. In regard to Ireland, her proximity has enabled England to assert, and, up to the present, to keep her supremacy. 4nd in Ireland there was and elways had been e complete nationhood which England hed either to recognise or to trample out of ell recognition. A gradual development of independence was not possible, in the same way, in Ireland, but it suited the case of the colonies. Their nationhood wes but beginning, it was incomplete, and England, at their distance, was unable to prevent its development, and wes obliged to allow it to find such expression as was suitable to it. Accordingly, the theory of "Responsible Government" grew up, by which local matters were given over to the Colonial legisletures, Imperiel concerns being retained absolutely in the hands of the British Government. The various schemes of Home Rule for Ireland were attempts to force this procedure on a country to which it never did, and never could, suit the fects. Anda DEf2/304/1/69(006) 2. And as the colonies developed it was evident that this system, convenient as it mey have been for a transition, was in itself unstable. The powers first conceded to the colonies were bound to be developed, and the colonies, as they grew in importance and in national consciousness, claimed to exercise all such powers as were essential to their growing national existence. : This was the case in regard to such matters as Public Lands, and the control of trade, both foreign and inter-Imperial. The colonies knew that to allow Englend to dictate their commercial policy would be to permit her to dictate the lines of their social life. The matter was settled by the declaration of the Canadien Ministry in 1859 of their constitutional independence in the matter of fiscal policy. "Self-government" they wrote "would be utterly annihilated if the views of the Imperial Government were to be preferred to those of the people of Canada." The freedom of the colonies.-to control their own fiscal policies was:never egain, seriously challenged by England.
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