The Outdoor Activities of the Chinese Middle Class Families in Shenzhen
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The outdoor activities of the Chinese middle class families in Shenzhen Master Thesis Human Geography Lysanne ter Brugge 2013 Colophon Master Thesis Human Geography The outdoor activities of the Chinese middle class families in Shenzhen University of Amsterdam and International New Town Institute Almere Supervisor Prof. A. Reijndorp Second supervisor Dr. Ir. C.J.M. Karsten Co Tutor MSc. C. Yang Date August 2013 Name Lysanne ter Brugge (5732247) Egelantiersgracht 550A 1015 RR Amsterdam [email protected] 0648626109 i Foreword This thesis is the conclusion of my master Human Geography at the University of Amsterdam. After an intensive year of learning about cities, places, people and human activities, it was time to write my thesis. Luckily, I had the opportunity to let many of my interests come together in this thesis: new urban cities, time use, international orientation and my curiosity to understand different cultural views. The topic about urban Chinese middle class families has kept me interested until the end. I could not have written this thesis without the help of others. First, I would like to thank my supervisor professor Arnold Reijndorp and his co-tutor MSc. Ching Wen Yang, who provided me valuable input to get back on track when I felt lost in the topic. Furthermore, I would like to thank INTI for providing us the opportunity and financial support to do research in Shenzhen. Furthermore, I am grateful to all the anonymous Chinese respondents for their cooperation. The many inspiring interviews gave me insight in the lives of these middle class families in Shenzhen. I would like to thank all the student translators, for helping me with translating and giving essential knowledge about the cultural differences. Next, I would like to thank my parents for their support. I also would like to thank my friends for listening and support. Lastly, I would like to thank my co-students, who accompanied me in the past months at the UB, for their uplifting support and for giving me the energy to finish this project. ii Abstract The economic boom in China caused an enormous economic growth with a new emerging middle class. Shenzhen is one of the new cities that have bloomed into a successful metropolis where facilities for the middle class largely determine the image of the city. The importance of this research is to give insight in the daily-organized outdoor activities of the middle class families with young children in Shenzhen. The free time of the families appears to be limited and is mainly spend together with the family. The chosen activities are determined by tradition, ambitions and location. The families decide activities on these educational and traditional aspects, which imply an extreme focus on the development of their child. Furthermore the families prefer activities that are located close to their residential place and are safe and child friendly. These places provide a concentration of different activities. By doing qualitative research in the form of interviews with local families and the observation of their activities, I contribute to a better understanding of the new emerging middle class families in Shenzhen and their related ambitions and motives, which can be derived from their daily outdoor activities. Keywords: Chinese middle class, families, time use, leisure activities, place iii Table of contents 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problem definition ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Scientific and social relevance ................................................................................................... 2 2 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 Middle class families ................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Time use of middle class families .............................................................................................. 7 2.3 Free time activities ................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 The use of space in the city ...................................................................................................... 15 2.5 Motivation for activities ........................................................................................................... 17 2.6 Conclusion theoretical framework ........................................................................................... 20 3 Research Design ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1 Research Question .................................................................................................................... 22 3.2 Sub questions ........................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Conceptual scheme .................................................................................................................. 23 3.4 Definitions of conceptual scheme ............................................................................................ 23 3.5 Operationalization .................................................................................................................... 24 3.6 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 25 4 Data collection ................................................................................................................................ 26 4.1 Interviews ................................................................................................................................. 26 4.2 Observations ............................................................................................................................ 28 4.3 Data analyzing .......................................................................................................................... 28 4.4 Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 29 4.5 Research limitations ................................................................................................................. 31 5 Time use of middle class families in Shenzhen ........................................................................... 33 5.1 Daily scheduling ...................................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Contracted time ........................................................................................................................ 35 5.3 Committed time and the role of grandparents/support in the household ................................. 38 5.4 Free time .................................................................................................................................. 40 5.5 Synthesis .................................................................................................................................. 45 6 The organized outdoor activities .................................................................................................. 47 iv 6. 1 Entertainment activities ........................................................................................................... 47 6.2 Cultural activities ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.3 Extracurricular activities .......................................................................................................... 53 6.4 Nature/sport activities .............................................................................................................. 54 6.5 Transport to the activities ......................................................................................................... 57 6.6 Places ....................................................................................................................................... 57 6.7 Synthesis .................................................................................................................................. 58 7 Motivations ..................................................................................................................................... 60 7.1 Tradition ................................................................................................................................... 60 7.2 Ambitions ................................................................................................................................. 61 7.3 Location ................................................................................................................................... 68 7.4 Synthesis .................................................................................................................................. 70 8 Conclusion, discussion and reflection .......................................................................................... 72 Literature .........................................................................................................................................