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Study on the Relationship Between Hong Kong's Cultural & Creative Consultative Report commissioned by the Central Policy Unit, HKSAR Government Study on the Relationship between Hong Kong’s Cultural & Creative Industries and the Pearl River Delta Final Report Centre for Cultural Policy Research, The University of Hong Kong March 2006 Study on the Relationship between Hong Kong’s Cultural & Creative Industries and the Pearl River Delta Chief Editor: Desmond Hui Centre for Cultural Policy Research, The University of Hong Kong P306, Graduate House, 3 University Drive, Hong Kong Tel: 852-22491306 Fax: 852-22491307 Email: [email protected] http://ccpr.hku.hk March 2006 ©Copyright owned by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Consultative Report commissioned by the Central Policy Unit, HKSAR Government Study on the Relationship between Hong Kong’s Cultural & Creative Industries and the Pearl River Delta Final Report (Part I) Centre for Cultural Policy Research, The University of Hong Kong March 2006 Table of Contents Part I Chapter 1: The overall positioning and the trend of integrated development of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) 1. Origin of the PRD Economic Zone and its characteristics 2. The evolution of integrated development between Hong Kong and the PRD 3. Cultural cooperation between Hong Kong and the PRD Chapter 2: Overview of the development of cultural & creative industries (CCIs) in the PRD 1. Definition of CCIs in the PRD 2. The present state of CCIs in the PRD 3. Characteristics of CCIs in the PRD 4. Spatial distribution of CCIs in the PRD Chapter 3: Outstanding enterprises, organizations and representative outcomes of CCIs in the PRD 1. Representative enterprises of CCIs in the PRD 2. National model bases of cultural industries 3. Large-scale cultural festivals and conventions 4. Cultural & creative industries parks 5. NGOs and NPOs of CCIs Chapter 4: Managing institutions, laws and policies relevant to CCIs in the PRD 1. Overall framework of management in the CCIs of the PRD 2. Development strategies, laws and regulations relevant to CCIs 3. Innovations in the government management mechanism Chapter 5: Hong Kong and foreign investments in the CCIs of the PRD 1. The main areas and proportion of HK and foreign investments 2. Representative enterprises and important outcomes of HK and foreign investments Chapter 6: Challenges and opportunities of CCIs in the PRD 1. Innovations and vitality of industries 2. Organization and structure of integrated development 3. Technological contents of industries 4. Scale of foreign trade 5. Conventions and branding of international festivals 1 Part II Chapter 7: Sectoral Analyses of the relationship between HK’s CCIs and the PRD 1. Advertising 2. Architecture 3. Art, Antiques & Crafts 4. Design 5. Digital Entertainment 6. Film & Video 7. Music 8. Performing Arts 9. Publishing 10. Software & Computing 11. Television & Radio Chapter 8: Possibility and strategies of integrated development between HK’s CCIs and the PRD 1. Favorable conditions for HK to take part in the integrated development of CCIs with the PRD 2. Emphases of integrated development between HK’s CCIs and the PRD 3. Incision point of integrated development between HK’s CCIs and the PRD 4. Recommendations of overall development for HK’s CCIs 5. Conclusions Appendices 1. Major development planning, regulations and policies related to CCIs recently implemented in the PRD 2. Comparison between the “Cultural and related industries classification＂ and the industry classification in the Baseline Study on HK’s Creative Industries 3. Existing practices to promote CCIs by the HK Government and NGOs 4. Bibliography 5. Acknowledgements 2 Executive Summary Study on the Relationship between Hong Kong’s Cultural & Creative Industries and the Pearl River Delta - Executive Summary 1. The overall positioning and the trend of integrated development of the Pearl River Delta (PRD) 1.1 The development and collaboration of cultural and creative industries in the PRD with Hong Kong is set against a critical developmental context of the PRD Economic Region. The rise of the PRD Economic Region benefited from a variety of factors, including capitals from Hong Kong and Macao, technology and cheap labour from the mainland, land and so on. This has led to the establishment of an extrovert type of production-processing system, which is also appropriate in a context where the central authorities granted the special policy to “act and try in advance” to Shenzhen and Zhuhai, the two Special Economic Zones. Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Guangzhou and Foshan constitute the core circle of the PRD; Dongguan, Jiangmen and Zhongshan constitute the inner layer of the PRD; Zhaoqing and Huizhou constitute the periphery of the PRD. The PRD has become the extreme pole of economic growth in South China and also one of three most vital and important city clusters in China. The PRD Economic Region occupies only 0.5% of the Chinese national territory, and its population less than 2% of the national total. Yet its GDP in 2003 amounted to RMB1,134 billion, occupying 9.45% of the RMB12,000 billion national GDP, becoming a major centre of national economic development. With gradual proliferation of capital, technology, management, market network etc. to the peripheral provinces in the PRD Economic Region, the area gradually develops into a “Pan PRD Economic Region” (known in short as 9+2). The total area of the entire region is one-fifth of the nation, and its population exceeds one-third of the national total. 1.2 The HK-PRD relationship could be divided into the following 3 phases: The first phase was the pre-1949 period where Hong Kong was the trade intermediary between China and the world market; The second phase was 1950-1978 where there had been limited trade between Hong Kong and China. The economy of Hong Kong was driven by local industrialization; the third phase was 1979-1997 where Hong Kong transferred most of its manufacturing activities to the PRD and became herself a service centre specializing in trade, transport and finance. Take Dongguan as an example: by the end of the 90s, it had become a production platform and a world manufacturing base of computers, including the primary desktop devices, keyboard, alternate power source, mouse, monitor and hardware cover, etc. This mode of cooperation between Hong Kong and the PRD had been very successful, contributing to a continuous rise of standards in the development of both regions. It had fully redeployed the idle resources in labour and land in the PRD, thereby creating a win-win situation which led to the growth of several highly-specialized industrial bases. For example, jewelry processing in Shunde; computer manufacturing in Dongguan; lighting and electric appliances in Foshan; printing and electronics in Shenzhen; garment and fashion in Humen; electrical appliances in Panyu and etc. 3 Executive Summary 1.3 Since the handover of Hong Kong to China in July 1997, a new phenomenon of economic cooperation arose between Hong Kong and the PRD. First, Hong Kong investment in Guangdong had been rising. Since the 1990s, the industries also moved from the processing-manufacturing sectors to those with a high technological and cultural content such as technology, finance, insurance, legal services, cultural and creative industries. Over 80% of these were concentrated within the PRD region. In recent years, huge amount of Hong Kong economic activities had been gradually moving towards the PRD region. Reasons that contribute to this phenomenon include the rapid economic development of the PRD cities; inexpensive land, accommodation and labour force. This has attracted a large number of Hong Kong consumers. Since 1997, the number of cross-border visitors has been rising continuously. The HK-Shenzhen border began 24-hour service in 2003, which makes economic and cultural exchanges more convenient between the two regions. 1.4 The full-scale implementation of the “Closer Economic Partnership Agreement” and its annexes since Jan 2001 has provided new opportunities for cooperation between Hong Kong and the PRD. The simplification of the cargo handling procedures would allow an increasing number of multinational corporations to carry out strategic investments that could gain easy access into the mainland market. A number of large-scale infrastructural projects have been launched: the construction of the HK-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge will greatly improve the transportation conditions between the southwest and the east regions, as well as between the west part of the PRD and western Guangdong, accelerating the pace of economic development and facilitates the establishment of the economic spheres of the “Greater PRD” and the “Pan PRD”. In addition, the PRD railway express network constructs the "One hour economic sphere" and will bring about the elevation of standards in the PRD integrated transport system. 1.5 Geographically, both Hong Kong and the PRD belong to the same pre-historic cultural system. The local cultural tradition has its roots in the Lingnan culture. In terms of local tradition, this embodiment of Lingnan cultural content and characteristics is revealed in all aspects of ideology, education, literature, arts, architecture, craftsmanship, dialects, tradition and gastronomy. There is a well established tradition in cultural cooperation between Hong Kong and the PRD. The NGO exchange in cultural and creative industries between the two places in recent years has become prominent cultural exchange projects. Since 2002, cultural cooperation has reached the government level. Cooperation has taken the form of a partnership agreement and has been launched in various domains. Connections have been strengthened among the departments of culture in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau, which have successively held a number of cultural cooperative conferences and signed memoranda of agreement to develop exchange in human resources and programmes, cultural information, collaboration in museum services, establishment of digital network in public libraries and Cantonese opera. The three places decided to jointly establish an expert team to make application for Cantonese opera as intangible heritage in the UNESCO world heritage programme.
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