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Redalyc.Plantas Vasculares Del Municipio De Mitú Vaupés, Colombia

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Redalyc.Plantas Vasculares Del Municipio De Mitú Vaupés, Colombia Biota Colombiana ISSN: 0124-5376 [email protected] Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Colombia Martínez, Xatlí Anabel; Galeano P., Martha Patricia Plantas Vasculares del Municipio de Mitú Vaupés, Colombia Biota Colombiana, vol. 2, núm. 2, noviembre, 2001, pp. 151- 180 Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos "Alexander von Humboldt" Bogotá, Colombia Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=49120204 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto BiotaJerez &Colombiana Narváez 2 (2) 151 - 180, 2001 Tardigrades of El Diviso, Santander -151 Plantas Vasculares del Municipio de Mitú –Vaupés, Colombia Xatlí Anabel Martínez A.1 y Martha Patricia Galeano P.2 1Bióloga Investigadora. Fundación Natura. A.A. 84966, Bogotá D.C. Colombia. [email protected] 2Bióloga Investigadora. Estudiante de Postgrado Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C. Colombia. [email protected] Palabras Clave: Plantas Vasculares, Amazonía, Vaupés, Guyana, Arenas Blancas, Igapos, Lista de Especies La Amazonía Colombiana ocupa aproximadamente el Este estudio contó con la cofinanciación de la Fundación 30% del territorio nacional y dentro de los países que inte- Tropenbos y tuvo el apoyo científico del Herbario Nacio- gran el área amazónica, Colombia es el que posee el menor nal Colombiano (COL) del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales número de estudios de flora y fauna. Al interior del país, el de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, y del Herbario departamento del Vaupés es una de las regiones menos Amazónico (COAH) del Instituto Sinchi. exploradas de la Amazonía Colombiana. Martius en 1820, pretendió llegar al Vaupés, aunque los raudales de Dentro del proyecto INPA II del IGAC (1996) se realizó el Araracuara le impidieron continuar su expedición. Alrede- ordenamiento territorial del municipio de Mitú, para tal fin dor de 1850 Spruce remontó el alto río Negro y Vaupés, y a se desarrollaron estudios de geología, geomorfología, sue- comienzos del siglo XX lo hizo Ducke. los, aguas, vegetación y uso y manejo de tierras. Este es el estudio más completo con que cuenta el municipio y casi el Un buen número de las colecciones botánicas del departa- único realizado en el departamento del Vaupés. mento son de mediados del siglo XX y corresponden, entre otros, a Schultes, Cabrera, García Barriga, Idrobo, Jaramillo La fase de campo del presente estudio se llevó a cabo en el y Mora. De estos viajes quedaron colecciones valiosas que año de 1993 y como primer resultado surge esta lista corres- actualmente están depositadas en el Herbario Nacional pondiente al inventario ecológico de 29 levantamientos de Colombiano y en herbarios internacionales americanos y 1000 m2 (50 x 20 m) y a colectas fuera de las parcelas en europeos. Estas colecciones se trabajaron ampliamente y varias localidades y diferentes paisajes del municipio de es así como se registraron especies nuevas para la ciencia y Mitú (Cuadro 1). Si bien hasta ahora no se han determinado se dieron a conocer un sinnúmero de plantas medicinales, todas las especies colectadas, este es un primer esfuerzo, al alimenticias y tóxicas (Schultes 1944, 1951, 1954; Schultes cual se sumarán novedades. & García Barriga 1952; García Barriga 1992). Mas reciente- mente, se han hecho colecciones por parte de Betancur, El listado está basado en la clasificación propuesta por Cárdenas, Cortés, Madriñan y Kress et al. (1999). Cronquist (1981, 1988). Para la revisión de la nomenclatura de géneros, se utilizó a Mabberly (1997), para las especies, La información presentada en este artículo hace parte de los autores y los años, se emplearon como primeras refe- los estudios realizados por la Subdirección de Agrología rencias las bases de datos W3 TROPICOS del Missouri del Instituto Geográfico Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) en el Botanical Garden (2001) y la base IPNI de The Plant Names Municipio de Mitú (Departamento de Vaupés), en desarro- Proyect (1999), también se revisó literatura pertinente para llo del Proyecto INPA II y el programa Investigaciones para la región con el fin de actualizar la lista (Cremers & Hoff la Amazonía. Por esta razón, la nomenclatura de paisajes 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998; Cremers 1994; Berry et al. citada en este artículo, corresponde a parámetros estableci- 1995, 2001; Boggan et al. 1997; Mori et al. 1997; Steyermark dos por la Subdirección de Agrología del IGAC para dicho et al. 1997, 1998). proyecto. Biota Colombiana 2 (2), 2001 152- Plantas Vasculares de Mitú Martínez & Galeano La colección consta de 1321 morfoespecies, de las cuales mayoría de estas de amplia distribución en la Amazonía. La 511 se determinaron a nivel de especie agrupadas en 82 vegetación de las mesas en la altiplanicie y del valle aluvial familias (Listado Taxonómico), 294 se encuentran a nivel de antiguo (arenas blancas), albergan especies características género; 356 a nivel de familia y 160 están totalmente inde- del Escudo Guyanés. De las 530 especies determinadas, la terminadas (Cuadro 2). mayoría están restringidas a uno o dos paisajes, y solamen- te 11 especies son comunes a por lo menos 4 paisajes (Lis- Los bosques de aplanamientos sobre la peneplanicie, se- tado Taxonómico), estas son las especies ampliamente dis- guidos de los bosques de lomerio y valle aluvial reciente tribuidas. Únicamente 2 de las especies encontradas tienen (igapos) reúnen el mayor número de especies, siendo, la distribución pantropical: Simphonia globulifera y Utricularia subulata. Vascular Plants of Mitú - Vaupés, Colombia Xatlí Anabel Martínez A. and Martha Patricia Galeano P. Key Words: Vascular Plants, Amazonian Region, Vaupés, Guyana, White Sands, Igapos, Species List The Colombian Amazonian region is equivalent scapes cited in this article corresponds to parameters es- to 30% of the national territory, yet Colombia has the tablished by the Subdivision of Agrology of the IGAC for lowest number of studies in flora and fauna among all the the project INPA II. countries that conform the amazonic area. To the interior of the country, the department of Vaupés is one of the most This study was co-funded by Tropenbos Foundation and unexplored regions of the Colombian Amazon. In 1820, had the scientific support of the Colombian National Her- Martius tried to arrive at Vaupés but the torrents of the barium (COL) in the Natural Sciences Institute, Araracuara River prevented him to continue his expedi- Universidad Nacional de Colombia and of the Amazonic tion. Around 1850, Spruce overcame the high Río Negro Herbarium (COAH) in the Sinchi Institute. and Vaupés river, as did Ducke at the beginning the XX century. As a part of the INPA II project (IGAC 1996), there was a territorial ordination of the Mitú municipality. To achieve A good number of the botanical collections of Vaupés are the ordination, studies of geology, geomorphology, hy- from the middle of the XX century and belong to Schultes, drology, soils, vegetation, land use and land management Cabrera, García Barriga, Idrobo, Jaramillo and Mora, were carried out. As a result, that is perhaps, the best among others. From these trips, there are valuable collec- study of the municipality and almost the only one done for tions left, that at the moment are deposited in the Colom- the department of Vaupés. bian National Herbarium and in American and European herbaria. People worked these collections extensively and The field work of the present study took place in 1993 and that is how new species were recorded and an endless this taxonomic list emerges as a result. The checklist cor- variety of medicinal, nutritional and toxic plants were responds to an ecological inventory of 29 individual plots discovered (Schultes 1944, 1951, 1954; Schultes & García of 1000 m2 (50 x 20 m) and to collecting work outside the Barriga 1952; García Barriga 1992). More recently, parcels in several localities and different landscapes of Betancur, Cárdenas, Cortés, Madriñan and Kress et al. the municipality of Mitú (Box 1). Even though not all the (1999) have built more collections. species collected have been determined, this is a first ef- fort and new developments will be added. The information found in this article is part of the studies made by the Subdivision of Agrology of the Geographic The checklist is based on the classification proposed by Institute Agustín Codazzi (IGAC) in the Municipality of Cronquist (1981, 1988). For the review of genera nomen- Mitú (Department of Vaupés). The Subdivision is develop- clature, Mabberly (1997) was used, and for species, au- ing the Project INPA II and the program Research for the thors and years nomenclature, the database W3 Amazonian region. Therefore, the nomenclature of land- TROPICOS of the Missouri Botanical Garden (2001)and Biota Colombiana 2 (2), 2001 Martínez & Galeano Vascular Plants of Mitu -153 the IPNI base of The Plant Names Proyect (1999) were Forests of levelling on the peneplain, followed by forests used as first references. Also, appropriate literature for of lomerio and recent alluvial valleys (igapos) gather the the region was reviewed with the purpose of updating the greatest number of species, most of these being of wide list (Cremers & Hoff 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998; distribution in the Amazonian region. The tableland veg- Cremers 1994; Berry et al. 1995, 2001; Boggan et al. 1997: etation of the high plateau and the old alluvial valley, are Mori et al. 1997; Steyermark et al. 1997, 1998). home to species typical of the Guianese Shield. Of the 530 given species, the majority are restricted to one or two The collection consists of 1321 morphospecies, of which landscapes, and only 11 species are common to at least 4 511 are at the species level and grouped in 82 families landscapes (Taxonomic List).
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