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Presentación De Powerpoint FROM WING CARS TO FLAT BOTTOMS Jorge Arnedo García – Miguel Andrés Masip – Lucas Bernácer Soriano – Francisco García Villanueva 1. Introduction - Aerodynamic design of a F1 - Generation of downforce - Bottom layout Diffuser and flat bottom layout Why did they need such a long time to introduce this concept if it was known in the aviation industry since the 20's? “Aerodynamics are for people who can't build engines” Enzo Ferrari 1. IntroductionIntroduction - Aerodynamic design of a F1 - Generation of downforce - Bottom layout Diffuser and flat bottom layout Why did they need such a long time to introduce this concept if it was known in the aviation industry since the 20's? F1 needed a new generation of engineers Colin Chapman 2. FundamentalsFundamentals of carsof cars aerodynamics aerodynamics 2.1 Aerodynamical forces Aerodynamical forces Lateral Downforce Drag stability - Pulls down the - Resistance force exhorted by the air vehicle to the ground - Looking for reducing this force - Gives stability when cornering at high speeds 2. Fundamentals of cars aerodynamics 2.1 Aerodynamical forces Aerodynamical forces Lateral Downforce Drag stability Monza vs Monaco car configuration 2. FundamentalsFundamentals of carsof cars aerodynamics aerodynamics 2.2 Mechanisms to generate downforce Lift generation Downforce generation 2. Fundamentals of cars aerodynamics 2.2 Mechanisms to generate downforce Downforce generation Frontal aileron Rear aileron 2. Fundamentals of cars aerodynamics 2.2 Mechanisms to generate downforce Downforce generation - Flow acceleration due to the ground effect - Greater pressure difference - Suction effect Bottom layout configuration 2. FundamentalsFundamentals of carsof cars aerodynamics aerodynamics 2.3 Downforce distribution Downforce generation along the car 3. BottomBottom evolution evolution through through decades decades 3.1 70s: Birth of aerodynamics in F1 Introduction of the airplanes ground effect into F1 cars LOTUS 78 - Designed by Colin Chapman - Inverted airfoil shape - High adherence in quick turns Lotus 78-79 3. Bottom evolution through decades 3.1 70s: Birth of aerodynamics in F1 Introduction of the airplanes ground effect into F1 cars Brabham BT46B - Known as the “fan car” - Extracted air from the bottom of the car - The generated depression attached the car to the ground Brabham’s fan car 3. BottomBottom evolution evolution through through decades decades 3.2 80s: The seek for safety New safety regulations and standardization Ban of the flexible skirts in the sidepods More difficult to obtain ground effect 3. BottomBottom evolution evolution through through decades decades 3.2 80s: The seek for safety New New modifications restrictions by the engineers Safety was not improved and more deaths took place GROUND EFFECT WAS BANNED 3. Bottom evolution through decades 3.3 90s: Diffusers and flat bottoms More stable behavior Imposition of the flat bottom Determined the car dimensions The diffuser becomes the most important part - Allows teams to increase the downforce generation - Pressure difference generation along the underbody Flat bottom and diffuser bottom shape 3. Bottom evolution through decades 3.3 90s: Diffusers and flat bottoms BROWN’s revolutionary double diffuser - Extracted air in a more efficient way - Increased negative pressure and downforce - Banned at the end of the season Double diffuser design implemented by BROWN 3. BottomBottom evolution evolution through through decades decades 3.3 90s: Diffusers and flat bottoms Newey’sNewey’sblowblow diffuser diffuser - Introduced more mass flow at the bottom of the car - Employed exhaust gases to re-energize the flow Newey’s blow diffuser concept 4. ExperimentalExperimental measurements measures Perform a comparison in terms of downforce generation LOTUS 79 2017 F1 car Inverted wing bottom layout Diffuser + flat bottom 4. ExperimentalExperimental measurements measures 4.1 Wind tunnel configuration 1. Ground effect simulation Metallic plaque installed in the wind tunnel 4. ExperimentalExperimental measurements measures 4.1 Wind tunnel configuration 1. Ground effect simulation 2. Design of the model cars - Limitations on the scale LOTUS 79 inverted wing shape - Needed to find information about the actual dimensions - Fulfillment of the geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities - Employment of the same upper surface for both cars 4. ExperimentalExperimental measurements measures 4.1 Wind tunnel configuration 1. Ground effect simulation 2. Design of the model cars - Limitations on the scale 2017 diffuser and flat bottom layout - Needed to find information about the actual dimensions - Fulfillment of the geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarities - Employment of the same upper surface for both cars 4. ExperimentalExperimental measurements measures 4.1 Wind tunnel configuration 1. Ground effect simulation 2. Design of the model cars 3. Wind tunnel limitations Scale Speed Vibrations Only able to replicate 4 km/h of real speed 5. ObtainedObtained results results 5.1 Downforce Downforce LOTUS 78 Downforce 2017 car 0,1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -0,1 -0,2 Lotus 78 shows a greater evolution -0,3 -0,4 2017 car generates a higher downforce for lower airspeeds -0,5 Downforce (N) Downforce -0,6 -0,7 -0,8 Air speed (m/s) 5. ObtainedObtained results results 5.2 Drag Drag LOTUS 78 Drag 2017 car 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 Approximately the same drag force 1 0,8 Low influence of the bottom layout Drag (N) Drag in the drag generation 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Air speed (m/s) 5. ObtainedObtained results results 5.3 Analysis of the results Perform a comparison in terms of downforce generation Better behavior of the LOTUS 79 Yes Proved that the inverted wing configuration gives a greater downforce 5. ObtainedObtained results results 5.3 Analysis of the results Perform a comparison in terms of downforce generation Better behavior of the LOTUS 79 No OVERSIZED DIFFUSER What happened with the results? 65.. ObtainedConclusions results Different configurations of the bottom along the years Improvements on the ways of generating downforce according to the imposed restrictions The effect of the wing car can be replicated with an oversized diffuser and flat bottom configuration OVERSIZED DIFFUSER Thank you so much! Jorge Arnedo García – [email protected] Miguel Andrés Masip – [email protected] Lucas Bernácer Soriano – [email protected] Francisco García Villanueva – [email protected].
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