PHI BETA KAPPA THE KEYKEY REPORTERREPORTER FALLFALL 2010

JACK BOGLE AND ELON MUSK JOIN FBK LECTURE SERIES THE KEY REPORTER FROM THE SECRETARY

No Sensible Person Thinks That Having Something Written Down Is Better Than Knowing It.

Volume 75, Number 3 — Socrates, in Plato’s “Phaedrus” (paraphrase) Fall 2010 Editor & Designer: Kelly Gerald ince the 1830s, there has been no secret about the fact that “Phi Beta Kappa” stands Consulting Editor: John Churchill for a Greek phrase that means “Love of learning is the guide of life.” The metaphor The Key Reporter (ISSN: 0023- Sof guiding is rooted in the Greek word for a helmsman, who steers a vessel on a voy- 0804) is published quarterly by the age. So when we look at our key, and see the odd little hand pointing up through the Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1606 New Greek letters to a cluster of stars, it is not far-fetched to see this as the helmsman’s hand, Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, indicating the stars to steer by. In this age of GPS we steer by information from newer D.C. 20009. Periodicals postage is stars, perhaps, but success in finding our way still requires learning, and access to the paid at Washington, D.C., and at media that provide it. additional addresses. IPM #1213423 As media change, the hand — still pointing to the stars — reaches for different Opinions expressed in this devices, with new capacities and new hazards. Plato’s Socrates, in “Phaedrus,” expresses publication are not necessarily those concern about the intellectually deleterious effects of the shift from conversation to the of the editors or the officers of the written word. Now we worry about the shift from words on paper we can hold in our Society. Circulation for this issue: hands to the evanescence of the lighted screen. From speech to writing to printing to elec- 545,428. tronics, the modalities of learning’s conveyance evolve. For nonmembers, single copies And Phi Beta Kappa’s use of them evolves. This year we have taken major strides in are available for $2; one year’s the digital world. The Society’s Web site, over a decade old, grows daily in sophistication subscription is $5. Printed by Brown and utility. Visit us, as they say, at www.pbk.org, and we hope that much of what you need Printing Company, East Greenville, and expect from the Society will be available there, including The Key Reporter (and its Pa. archives) via interactive reader or in PDF format. (You can also update your contact infor- Copyright © 2010 by the Phi Beta mation there.) The American Scholar has its own Web site, www.theamericanscholar.org, Kappa Society. All rights are reserved. where you can browse its riches in electronic form and also subscribe to the print edition. The Phi Beta Kappa name, key and The Scholar also has certain “Web-only” goodies available online. The Key Reporter name are But beyond presenting traditional content in digital form, we are also engaging social registered trademarks of the Phi Beta networking opportunities. There is a Phi Beta Kappa presence on LinkedIn, the profes- Kappa Society. sionally-oriented social network. In a very short time, a measurable percentage of our The Society’s privacy policy overall membership have availed themselves of this mode of connecting with other mem- prohibits the distribution of member bers. Recent discussions there have compared favorite podcasts; featured hopes, confes- information. sions and testimonials concerning Moby-Dick; and discussed maintaining the life of the Postmaster: Send change-of- mind post-academe. On Facebook, members (and others) can become “fans,” gaining address notices to: The Key Reporter, access to other member fans’ entries and activities of interest, such as Visiting Scholars The Phi Beta Kappa Society, 1606 and Phi Beta Kappa Association events. There is also a vibrant book discussion thread. New Hampshire Ave. NW, Following the tweets on Phi Beta Kappa’s Twitter page will provide information about Washington, D.C. 20009. Society activities and offer links our staff believes might be of interest to people who care Web site: www.pbk.org about education in the liberal arts and sciences and the values they imply. Those Socratic observations about the limitations of the written word are, by the way, Circulation Policy still worth our continued attention. Plato considered them (perhaps created them); he All four quarterly issues of The went ahead and wrote anyway. As for the opportunities and risks of the new communi- Key Reporter are sent to members cation tools, we are all still learning. But we’ll go ahead, mindful that Socrates would who support the Society by donating offer some useful cautions. to FBK’s annual giving program. Checks made out to the Phi Beta Kappa Society may be sent to the attention of Annual Gifts, 1606 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, John Churchill D.C. 20009. Contributions are fully Secretary tax-deductible. Newly initiated members receive all four issues for one year. The Secretary’s review of David Potts’ Liberal Education for a Land of Colleges (Palgrave The spring and fall issues are Macmillan 2010), a critical re-presentation of a historic manifesto on the liberal arts and mailed to every FBK member living sciences, is accessible on the FBK homepage at www.pbk.org. in the U.S. for whom the membership records office has an address. SPOTLIGHT CONTENTS

FROM THE SECRETARY No Sensible Person Thinks That 2 Having Something Written Down Is Better Than Knowing It

FBK NEWS The Phi Beta Kappa Lecture 4 Series Brings the FBK Experience to You Senate Nominations for 2012 5 Elections Nominations for Hook & 5 Humanities Awards The Examined Life: A Poet Talks 6 About the Power of the Liberal Arts Austin Kiplinger became a member of Phi Beta Kappa at Cornell University in 1939. by Jennifer Richter The Manifold Problems of 7 Technology Forecasting by Andrew Odlyzko In the turmoil of today’s intellectual world and the speed of change in Terrible-Lizard-Happy-Dream 8 technology, I think the liberal arts are more important than ever before. Kingdom: The Origins of The rate of change itself calls for an understanding of fundamentals which is, after all, the central purpose of the liberal arts. by James Gurney

— Austin Kiplinger FROM OUR BOOK CRITICS Reviews 12

ON THE COVER ustin H. Kiplinger, editor emeritus of The Kiplinger Letter, has had a jour- Students gather for conversation Analism career spanning more than five decades as a reporter, broadcast com- in the shadow of Sinclair mentator and editor, specializing in business and political affairs. During his col- Memorial Auditorium, one of the lege years at Cornell, where he became a member of FBK in 1939, he was a part- iconic landmarks on the Coe time reporter for The Ithaca Journal and The Associated Press. His full-time College campus. Coe College is reporting career began in 1940 with the San Francisco Chronicle. hosting the Phi Beta Kappa After World War II, in which he served as a Navy aviator in the South Pacific, Traveling Exhibit from August 2- he helped launch Changing Times, the nation’s first magazine of personal money October 30. For more informa- management, now titled Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Magazine. tion about the exhibit at Coe, see In 1948, Kiplinger became the front-page daily columnist of the Chicago the “Online Calendar” on the Journal of Commerce. During the 1950s, he was a Chicago newscaster for the FBK Web site at www.pbk.org. Continued on page 10

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 3 The Phi Beta Kappa Lecture Series Brings the FBK Experience to You aunched in January 2009, the Phi Beta Kappa Lecture Series is one of the Society’s most exciting new initiatives. Providing Lan occasion for intellectual fellowship and opportunities for members to participate in a larger, national discussion about the important issues of our time, this program marks an inspired return to the Society’s first principles. In collaboration with our associations and chapters, the Phi Beta Kappa Lecture Series is bringing some of our country’s most interesting and impor- tant public intellectuals to speak to members in cities throughout the U.S. Reserve your seat for the next lecture, and reconnect with the love for learning and dialogue that inspired the founding of Phi Beta Kappa. h John C. Bogle the Board of the National Constitution Research in Silicon Valley to understand Center since September 1999. He is a their potential as an energy storage Nov. 3, 2010 ◆ Philadelphia member of The Conference Board’s mechanism for electric vehicles. Commission on Public Trust and Private He planned to do graduate studies Enterprise, the American Philosophical at Stanford in materials science and Society, and the American Academy of applied physics but put school on hold Arts and Sciences. He also served for to start Internet companies Zip2 and many years on the FBK Investment PayPal, now the world’s leading online Committee. payment service. He earned his bachelor’s degree in Musk currently serves as the chair- economics at Princeton University, man, product architect and CEO of graduating magna cum laude in 1951. Tesla Motors, as CEO and CTO of SpaceX, and as chairman of SolarCity, Elon Musk the nation’s first and largest full-service solar provider. He is chairman of the Musk Jan. 8, 2011 ◆ Los Angeles Foundation and a trustee of the X Prize Foundation which share an interest in renewable, environmentally friendly energy technologies. John C. “Jack” Bogle, the creator of The inspiration for the character of the first index mutual fund, is founder of genius billionaire Tony Stark in the Iron The Vanguard Group (one of the two Man films, Elon Musk was named by largest mutual fund organizations in the Time magazine as one the 100 people world) and president of Bogle Financial who most affect our world.  Markets Research Center. Widely acclaimed for his role as the Tickets & Information conscience of the mutual fund industry and an advocate for individual investors, The next event in the series, a panel Bogle has led a tireless campaign to discussion on corporate environmental restore common sense to the investment best practices, will be held in Los world. Angeles on October 18 at the Fowler In 2004, Time magazine named Museum on the UCLA campus. Bogle one of the world’s 100 most pow- On January 8, engineer, entrepre- These and other lectures in the erful and influential people. In 1999, neur and philanthropist Elon Musk will series are open to Phi Beta Kappa Fortune designated him as one of the speak on the subject of sustainability in members and their guests. Tickets must investment industry’s four “Giants of energy production and transportation. be purchased prior to the event through the 20th Century.” The lecture will be held in Los Angeles. the FBK Web site at www.pbk.org/lec- On November 3, Bogle will discuss Perhaps best known as a co-founder ture. (You will need to log in using your his most recent book Don’t Count on It!: of PayPal, Space Exploration member ID.) Reflections on Investment Illusions, Technologies (SpaceX), and Tesla Want to make sure you are on the Capitalism, Mutual Funds, Indexing, Motors, Musk has been fascinated by mailing list for lectures in your area? Entrepreneurship, Idealism, and Heroes electric cars for two decades. Write to [email protected]. (forthcoming from Wiley in November After earning bachelor’s degrees in For additional information, visit the 2010). The lecture will be held in physics and business from the FBK Web site, follow us on Twitter or Philadelphia. University of Pennsylvania, he worked call the national office at (202) 265- Bogle has served as Chairman of briefly on ultracapacitors at Pinnacle 3808.

4 The Key Reporter Senate Nominations for 2012 Elections he 43rd Triennial Council of the Phi report of an ad hoc committee chaired TBeta Kappa Society will meet by former FBK Senator Alonzo Aug. 2-4, 2012, at The Breakers in Palm Hamby, recommending that measures Beach, Fla. be taken to increase the proportion of New members of the FBK Senate Senate nominations from outside higher will be elected at the council, and the education. Nominating Committee invites Society “Members who are considering members to propose candidates. offering names for the committee’s con- The deadline for nominations is sideration are encouraged to support the April 1, 2011. aim,” Churchill said. FBK Secretary John Churchill has The Council Nominating asked for broad participation in the Committee includes Joan Ferrante, nominating process. “This invitation Werner Gundersheimer, Ralph Hexter, represents the committee’s need for the Karen Kupperman, Michael Lubin, FBK and Barnes&Noble.com support of a broad cross-section of the Niall Slater, William Reinhardt and have joined together to offer an Society in the electoral process,” he Pauline Yu. online bookstore for FBK said. “The committee hopes that mem- Nominations must be made on a members only! Shop at bers can assist in making the Senate’s form that is available on the FBK Web www.bn.com/pbk to receive membership reflect the diversity of the site at www.pbk.org. If you do not have an additional five percent off Society itself in every dimension, internet access, please call the national the online price of books,  including professions and callings, office at (202) 745-3235. music and DVDs, and get free especially those outside academe.” Churchill noted that the committee standard domestic shipping on has been guided for some years by the orders of $25 or more. See Web site for details.

Nominations for Hook & Humanities Awards hi Beta Kappa is pleased to open cause of liberal arts education. The Pnominations for the Award for award of $7,500 has been presented six Newsweek Distinguished Service to the Humanities times in conjunction with meetings of Special offer for and the Sidney Hook Memorial Award. the Council of the Phi Beta Kappa Phi Beta These awards are given once every Society. The 2009 recipient was John Kappa members three years in conjunction with the Seery of Pomona College. Society’s triennial council meetings. Submissions should include a letter Subscribe to Newsweek and The Award for Distinguished of nomination written by someone get a special rate of $35 (reg. Service to the Humanities, a cash prize familiar with the nominee’s scholarly $39) of $2,500 and a medal, is given to rec- work and the nominee’s curriculum ognize individuals who have made sig- vitae and contact information. For more For every subscription, nificant contributions in the humanities. information, go to www.pbk.org/awards. Newsweek will donate $10 to The award is underwritten by a gift from Phi Beta Kappa! Mr. and Mrs. William B. Jaffe; Mr. Jaffe Mail all materials to: was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Union Log in on the FBK-Web site, College. The 2009 recipient was Director of Society Affairs and click on “Discounts” to Douglas Greenberg of Rutgers The Phi Beta Kappa Society get the member rate and University. 1606 New Hampshire Ave. NW learn about other offers. Established in 1991 in memory of Washington, DC 20009 the distinguished American philosopher Sidney Hook (1902–1989), who was Submission deadline: April 1, 2011 elected to Phi Beta Kappa at City College of New York, the Sidney Hook Direct questions to Lucinda Memorial Award recognizes national Morales, director of Society affairs, at distinction by a single scholar in each of [email protected] or (202) 745-3235.  three endeavors — scholarship, under- graduate teaching and leadership in the SUBSCRIBE NOW

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 5 The Examined Life: A Poet Talks About the Power of the Liberal Arts By Jennifer Richter them to envision themselves launched it was easy to remember the impor- back into life, worthy of being set free. tance of such introspection; at harlie’s bicep is a warped tomb- After each class, I’d head down Delancey Street, I was reminded by an Cstone. Below his sleeve: two dates Highway 101 back to the life I led the ancient fish and a dozen ex-cons. and a name tattooed in dripping blood. rest of the week teaching undergradu- Like poetry, a liberal arts educa- My brother, he says when I catch his ate poetry workshops at Stanford tion sparks the examined life. Both eye. Drive-by. University. Though my students in Palo reveal our challenges and flaws, both For four years, I led a poetry work- Alto and San Francisco didn’t seem to illuminate our strengths and virtues. shop for recovering substance abusers have much in common, what I asked of For me, the act of writing poetry has at the Delancey Street Foundation in them was the same: to consider how a been similarly revealing. I often write San Francisco. Charlie and the about the subjects of parenting others know that I’m a volun- and illness, and in the process teer, that I travel an hour north I’m able to observe myself as a to be with them each week. mother, a wife, a patient — They also know — because of how am I doing? their criminal records, past For our last class at drug use, restraining orders — Delancey Street, I bring in one not to expect the world to be of my own poems. While I’m generous with them. When I reading it aloud, Charlie’s pass out copies of Elizabeth writing. Rough day, I assume Bishop’s poem “The Fish,” — I encourage them to “write each man in the circle opens it out” whenever they feel frus- his palms, receives it like a trated, weak or alone. One of gift. the students says I must be a Charlie begins, “I caught a good mom since my poem tremendous fish,” and we fol- mentions tucking in my kids. low along with Bishop’s “bat- Many of them have children on tered” and “homely” fish the outside they’ve never seen whose “brown skin hung in and didn’t name. When class is strips/like ancient wallpaper.” over, Charlie hands me my Some in the circle nod; some poem where he’s written in the shift in their seats. They know margin, “I will hold 5 pm what it means to be battered, Mondays always. Because of and what it means to be caught poetry the telling will come.” — maybe as many times as Then he looks at me, opens his this fish, whose lip was stud- hands, asks if he can please ded with “five old pieces of have it back.  fish-line… with all their five big hooks / grown firmly in his Jennifer Richter’s first poetry mouth.” A few lines later, with collection, Threshold, was the description — “Like chosen by Pulitzer Prize- medals with their ribbons / winning poet Natasha Jennifer Richter (FBK, Indiana University, 1991) works with a frayed and wavering, / a five- young poet, one of many she inspires through her teaching. Trethewey as winner of the haired beard of wisdom / trail- 2009 Crab Orchard Series in ing from his aching jaw” — Poetry Open Competition; the the class starts smiling. After book was published in April the last line — “And I let the fish go” poem like “The Fish” challenged their 2010. Richter was awarded a Wallace — they’re so amazed by this act of beliefs about themselves and the world. Stegner Fellowship and Jones generosity that they’re cheering. Surprisingly, their reactions to the Lectureship in Poetry by Stanford My Delancey Street students rec- Bishop poem were similar. I asked an University. She lives in Oregon with ognized themselves in that fish — they injured Stanford football player with her children and her husband, the nov- fidgeted and fingered their scars and his leg propped up in the back row to elist Keith Scribner, and teaches for the through the poem reconsidered their read the poem aloud; when he was fin- Stanford University Online Writer’s past choices. Some of them were 18 ished, he paused, then raised his fist in Studio. For more information, please months from graduating, others had 8 the air and declared, “He’s a survivor!” visit jenniferrichterpoet.com. more weeks, but this one poem enabled Teaching in the liberal arts at Stanford,

6 The Key Reporter The Manifold Problems of Technology Forecasting By Andrew Odlyzko Another general principle, not as and promises that better communica- quantitative, nor as well known, con- tions, such as faster Internet access, ogi Berra and others are reported tradicts the general expectation that will stimulate telecommuting and Yto have said that “prediction is new technologies will replace old ones. decrease road congestion? very hard, especially about the future.” Instead, new technologies frequently Such predictions are almost cer- That is true of politics, and it is also serve to strengthen their predecessors. tainly wrong. At least they have been true of technology. (Thus, in the popular language of the consistently wrong for about two cen- While the general impression that last few decades, they are “sustaining” turies. Many, often very knowledge- technology forecasts are far too opti- and not “disruptive.”) An excellent able observers, thought that transporta- mistic is true, it is not universally true. example is that of railroads and horses. tion and communication were substi- Yes, we don’t live in underwater cities, The rail was expected to kill the horse. tutes for each other. But the uniform nor do we commute in helicopters. This was a common expectation on the experience to this age has been that However, there are they are comple- many technologies ments, and grow in that have surprised parallel. Yes, you not only the general may work from public, but sometimes home, but chances even their inventors are that you will and promoters, with make more trips to their success. meet clients, or for Such has been the family and other rea- case with wireless sons, and in the end telephony. Before will travel more than that, computers were before (barring major also underestimated upsets, such as an (with Ken Olsen of astronomical rise in Digital Equipment the price of fuels). Corporation, one of So what can we the great figures in the conclude? Most of development of mini- all, that the future is computers, famously hard to predict, so we expressing his doubts have to prepare for about the need for the unexpected. computers in homes). Second, though, we And before that, cars, Andrew Odlyzko of the University of Minnesota, FBK Visiting Scholar, 2009-2010. should keep in mind and before them rail- that among the most roads, also surprised common unexpected with their wide spread. In many, even part of both proponents and opponents phenomena is the resilience of old tech- most, cases, what people do with a of the new offspring of the emerging nologies, services, and business meth- technology differs widely from what metal and steam technologies. Instead, ods, and their propensity to adopt some inventors had in mind. the number of horses grew. In Britain, of the innovations that we work on.  The main difficulty in technology their numbers did not peak until 1905. prediction is the human factor. The issue was that while transport Andrew Odlyzko is a professor in the What will people want to do with on rails was fast and inexpensive, the School of Mathematics and was the the wonderful gizmo you have just “first mile” problem of getting to the founding director of the interdiscipli- invented? Perhaps they will just turn up rails required horses. With the general nary Digital Technology Center at the their noses and not do anything with it. growth of the economy that was facili- University of Minnesota. Before mov- Thus it should not be surprising that tated by railroads, there was more and ing to Minneapolis in 2001, he devoted forecasting in this area is difficult. more to carry to the rails. And even 26 years to research and research man- However, there are some general prin- railroads used horses extensively, for agement at AT&T. Odlyzko has served ciples that do apply much of the time. switching cars in their yards, for exam- as a FBK Visiting Scholar for the 2009- One of them, quite well known, is that ple. 2010 academic year. For more informa- the penetration of new technologies Similar phenomena occur com- tion about Odlyzko, including papers tends to follow the logistic curve, the monly in other settings and often lead touching on the topic of this article, S-shaped curve that appears in many to serious mistakes in planning. How visit his Web page at http://www. areas. many times have you seen predictions dtc.umn.edu/~odlyzko.

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 7 Terrible-Lizard-Happy-Dream Kingdom: The Origins of Dinotopia

By James Gurney Whoever succeeded in opening it reclining lounge chairs, lit by the flick- would discover an old stone stairway ering blue glow of the television. I was lucky to grow up in suburbia, the leading down into dark parlors. went into the kitchen to eat leftover Iideal breeding ground for utopian Each night as I lay in bed, I let my macaroni while the T.V. laugh track dreamers. The doorway to my world of mind drift away to Yonderland. As I echoed dully from the other room. the imagination was as close as my dozed off I imagined holding a sputter- Yonderland was no less real to me backyard. ing torch, exploring farther and farther because I traveled there only in my Out behind our back fence was a underground, where luminous gardens dreams. By age 12, my yearnings for narrow vacant lot owned by the phone clung beside waterfalls in the misty lost worlds had taken root as a result of company. It was about 80 feet long and half-darkness. reading back issues of National 10 feet wide with a 6-foot fence all In the twilight of a summer Geographic. I was fascinated with the around it, cutting idea of a civi- it off from the rest l i z a t i o n of the neighbor- untouched by hood. Over the our own, speak- years I enlarged a ing a language p a s s a g e w a y unknown to us, through a tunnel and moved by of ivy that clung to mysterious ritu- a break in the als that no fence. explorer had The phone ever seen. company never Soon the exercised its rights dream began to to this plot of manifest itself ground, except to in little ways. store a few old By the time I cable spools and got to college at shipping pallets. the University Way off in a of California at weedy corner Berkeley, I there was a curi- sought out the ous piece of junk professors who that was lying flat loved archaeol- on the ground. It ogy and pale- was made of ontology. They James Gurney became a member of FBK in 1979 at the University of California at Berkeley where heavy black tim- he earned a bachelor’s degree in archaeology. He is the author and illustrator of the New York Times were kind bers, bolted bestseller Dinotopia: A Land Apart from Time. Artwork from Dinotopia has been exhibited at the enough to let together with iron Smithsonian, The Norman Rockwell Museum, the Delaware Art Museum and the Norton Museum me explore the straps, with mas- of Art in West Palm Beach, Fla. bowels of the sive rusty hinges K r o e b e r on the side. At Museum col- first I thought it was a hatch cover from evening, I would sometimes walk lection, where dusty metal cabinets a pirate ship. Then I imagined it was through the shadows of the backyard to held mummies and grass skirts and cer- the lid from a giant’s footlocker. Or check on the mysterious doorway. I emonial masks, labeled like so many maybe, I mused, it was the door from a peered through the cracks to see if butterflies. The air reverberated with castle that had been torn loose by a there was light escaping. I put my ear their mysterious energy. One of my and then blown here in to the timbers and convinced myself first jobs was making careful drawings a tornado. that something was rumbling far of Egyptian scarab carvings for a sci- I couldn’t lift or budge it. The beneath. entist’s publication. more I looked at it, the more I became I would imagine that I had just After leaving school, I began convinced that it was a door, a door returned from an adventure in the cav- working as a freelance illustrator for facing down into the ground. My mind erns below ground. I stepped through National Geographic, specializing in began working on the idea that it was the hole in the ivy and crossed the ancient world subjects and . an entryway into another world. I lawn. I could see my parents through My job was to travel to the ruins of called that world “Yonderland.” the big picture window, asleep on their long-dead cities and to bring them back

8 The Key Reporter to life as oil paintings. Reconstructing image of the awkward, dull-witted, with Dinotopia, which is a portman- tombs, market scenes, and festivals cold-blooded beast of my childhood. teau word for a “ of dinosaurs.” required the help of archaeologists, No longer did tyrannosaurs drag their (Incidentally, when the translators cre- who have the uncanny ability to resur- tails on the ground, nor did giant bron- ated an edition for China, they ren- rect these scenes, often based on mere tosaurs stay mired in the swamps. dered the name in Chinese characters scraps of information. They can, for Scientists had reimagined dinosaurs as as “terrible lizard happy dream king- example, hold a piece of roof tile in successful, dynamic, intelligent, warm- dom.”) their hands and visualize an entire blooded creatures who shared more in My chief inspirations were J. R. Etruscan temple. Likewise, common with birds than with reptiles. R. Tolkien and Robert Louis experts can look at a chunk of a thigh- These new ideas opened the doors Stevenson. Though not utopian writers, bone and imagine the ground shaking for the storyteller in me. I began to ask they created worlds that had the power under them as an Apatosaurus walks questions: What if dinosaurs were not a to eclipse my surroundings even when by. lower form of life? What would happen I didn’t have their books open. I was Each evening at the dig site, while if we ceased to underestimate them? also enchanted with Gnomes by Rien sitting around the campfire with these What if we humans were the ones in Poortvliet and Wil Huygen and Faeries archaeologists, I discovered that they need of domestication? What if by Brian Froud and Alan Lee, two grew up with the same secret yearnings dinosaurs were warm-hearted as well illustrated fantasy books that took great for lost worlds. Each of them dreamed as warm-blooded? I began to entertain pains to bring scope to a fantasy sub- of being the first to discover the next the idea of dinosaurs as majestic, com- ject and present it to adults as well as Troy or Petra or Machu Picchu. Such plex creatures. I realized that other ani- young people. I began working with places were considered fantastic or leg- mals of our own world, such as gorillas Ian Ballantine, who as a publisher had endary before they were actually and killer whales, had recently under- championed fantasy books. He proved found. gone the same transformation in our to be such an important influence on The chance that a modern archae- awareness. Elephants, for example, are Dinotopia that I used his portrait as the ologist might actually find such a lost now known to have nurturing family basis for Nallab, the chief librarian. civilization was infinitely small, but it groups, sophisticated long-range com- If I was going to create an illus- occurred to me that I could paint pic- munication, and an amazing capacity trated book about a utopia of humans tures of my imaginary kingdoms and for forgiveness and forbearance. and dinosaurs, I wanted to make sure it invent the evidence later. In my spare It occurred to me that dinosaurs was practical and down-to-earth, rather time I developed a large easel painting could possess these ideal qualities and than moralistic and preachy. I was called Waterfall City, which united two share them with a society of humans more interested in how people eat, loves of mine: Niagara Falls and living as their equals. If dinosaurs and drink, sleep, learn, and travel than in Venice. That painting led to another people could form an interdependent how they set up their government, reli- image of a palace resting high above society, they might benefit from each gion, or economy. Any single system the clouds on a snow-covered moun- other’s strengths. We humans, I rea- of social organization would not suf- tain. soned, could inherit the wisdom and fice for the simple reason that it left out Then I became obsessed with an patience of a group of animals that all the others. I wanted to accommo- idea for a large painting called lived successfully for over 150 million date the full gamut of individual per- Dinosaur Parade, which portrayed a years. In turn, dinosaurs would wel- sonalities and tastes, and to incorporate group of flower girls and musicians come the cleverness and dexterity of all the world’s cultures on a single marching through the streets of a their human compatriots. island, for, as we have come to learn in Roman-style city, accompanied by At this point there was no thought this century, there is great strength in peaceful herbivorous dinosaurs. To of an illustrated book; these were just diversity. paint the picture I recruited my wife idle musings as I painted my canvases, By creating a world visually, it and kids and neighbors, who dressed which were loosely tied together in a would be possible to apply this up in funny hats and Renaissance-fair “Lost Empire” theme. But one morn- “kitchen sink” approach to a utopia, costumes, posing for me in my back- ing I struck on the idea that all of my because I could show the range of yard while they imagined 30-ton separate paintings might be snapshots architecture and costume without the dinosaurs lumbering beside them. from a single island. burden of trying to describe it all. I To make the dinosaurs as realistic I pushed aside my bowl of cereal chose to tell the story in the form of an as possible in the paintings, I threw and scribbled a random shape for the explorer’s journal, which would permit myself into the research, making pil- island (which some say looks like the realism that comes from an eyewit- grimages to dinosaur museums to look upside down). It needed a ness account. again at the strange skeletons that had name, so I filled a page with possibili- To achieve the realism I was look- bewitched me in grade school. In the ties that sounded appropriately ancient ing for in the artwork, my studio came time since I had grown up, the science and continental: Archaeotolia, to resemble a cross between Santa’s of paleontology had transformed our Paleomundia, Volcanaterra—nothing workshop and a movie studio. Old vel- knowledge of dinosaurs. Gone was the sounded quite right. Finally I came up vet capes and silk gowns purchased

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 9 Waterfall City: Afternoon Light by James Gurney. Illustration for Dinotopia: A Land Apart from Time. Oil on board. Collection of the artist. 24” x 42”.

from costume rental companies fes- audience that an author can have, for Austin Kiplinger tooned the steam pipes in the base- they are more logical, intelligent and Continued from 3 ment. Cardboard palaces and sculpted vocal than their adult counterparts. ABC and NBC television networks. dinosaurs appeared on all of the coun- Utopian literature gives them a chance He was part of the ABC team during tertops. I often posed in the costume of to inhabit the dreams that fuel their the 1952 political conventions in the figure I was painting, checking the growth into independent life. They Chicago. He covered the 1956 conven- action of the pose in a full-length mir- read not exactly to escape their world, tions with NBC. ror. Sometimes the doorbell would ring but rather to engage more fully with it, After rejoining the Kiplinger while I was working, and I would for only through fantasy can they try Washington Editors, he succeeded his answer the door in a cape and doublet, on an identity and live as actors in their father, W. M. Kiplinger, as editor-in- much to the astonishment of the FedEx own dreams.  chief in 1961. Austin Kiplinger is guy. joined in the business by his son, Page by page, the pictures and the A native of Palo Alto, Calif., James Knight, editor-in-chief and publisher story took shape. By 1992, Dinotopia: Gurney is the author and illustrator of of Kiplinger’s Personal Finance A Land Apart From Time was released the New York Times bestseller Magazine and the Kiplinger Letters. as a 160-page picture book. As I creat- Dinotopia: A Land Apart from Time. Austin Kiplinger is co-author of ed it, I wasn’t sure who would be the Gurney is also known for his science Kiplinger’s Looking Ahead (1993), intended audience, and I had no great illustrations, including The World of America in the Global ‘90s (1989), The expectation that it would be a big suc- Dinosaurs postage stamps for the U.S. Exciting ‘80s (1979), Washington Now cess. I was completely surprised by the Postal Service. His most recent books (1975) and Boom and Inflation Ahead response. Librarians told me that it are Imaginative Realism: How to Paint (1958). filled a gap in the world of children’s What Doesn’t Exist (2009) and Color Kiplinger is chairman emeritus of literature for picture books intended for and Light: A Guide for the Realist the Board of Trustees of Cornell older readers. Letters have come to me Painter (2010), both based on University, former president of Tudor from people of all ages, from toddlers gurneyjourney.blogspot.com. This arti- Place Foundation, former chairman of to grandparents. cle was adapted from an essay for the Federal City Council and co-chair- If there is one age or time of life Utopian and Dystopian Writing for man of the Leadership Committee for that embraces the book most heartily, it Children and Young Adults, Carrie the City Museum of Washington. He is the moment after the horizons open Hintz and Elaine Ostry, eds. (2002). serves on the board of the National from childhood into youth, and before Symphony Orchestra and as a trustee the limits are set by adulthood. From of the National Press Foundation. He is the letters I’ve received, I’ve come to a 58-year member of the National realize that this audience is the best Press Club. 

10 The Key Reporter The LatestThinking

To keep up,read Goldman’s Global Game: Either Way,You Lose on what our leaders lack by William William Deresiewicz J. Quirk

Canada SUMMER 2010 The American Scholar M $7.95 U.S.and Th Published by Phi Beta Kappa Published by Phi Beta Kappa e Earth Doesn’t Care

$7.95 U.S.and SPRING 2010 If You Drive a Hybrid Canada And check out our Web site at N Robert B. Laughlin

H

www.theamericanscholar.org R

Subscribe online and save a R few dollars or call us at Our Dazed Afghan Allies Step Away from the Screen Sven Birkerts Reading fiction matters even more in the digital age Neil Shea PLUS AttentionNabokov’s Writing Geeks and 1-800-821-4567 Deficit American FreaksP L U S I n Edward Hoagland Brenda Wineapple Paul Muldoon Good Movies www.theamericanscholar.org Gone Bad Pronouns New Novel KRAU10 Alex Rose Jessicawww.theamericanscholar.org Love Brian Boyd

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 11 From Our Book Critics

tant difference using George Pólya’s of the American West, this book has all By G. Cornelissen-Guillaume urn in a very effective way. He also the qualities to make us appreciate argues that a reductionism view cen- even more the riches nature has to A Third Window: tered on the transfer of genomic infor- offer, while making us aware of the Natural Life mation via the DNA molecule ignores dangers of unwise exploitation of beyond Newton the role played by a network of enzy- water resources. Ellen Wohl’s lyric and Darwin. matic/catalytic reactions instrumental descriptions of the natural history of Robert E. in reading the genomic sequence just the enormous water tank that the Ulanowicz. one step up from DNA. Rocky Mountains represent are inter- Templeton Press, A Third Window is an attempt to twined with lessons in her field of 2009. 224 pages. answer ambitious questions of how life expertise, geomorphology, the study of $24.95 originated, how species came into exis- landforms and the processes that shape tence, how things can truly change and them. With a back- how they can persist. An essential part From accounts of field trips in the ground in chemical engineering and an of the answer to the last two questions Grand Canyon to research projects interest in philosophy, Robert offered by the author relates to the with her many students, the reader is Ulanowicz’s journey in the field of existence of complex chance events. constantly reminded that landscapes ecology led him to realize the impor- Causality is replaced with propensity, are not static, and that rivers are the tance of considering the dual nature of recognizing the rampant stochasticity prime shapers of many of Earth’s land- reality. In complex situations, like in of the second law of thermodynamics. scapes. Changes occur, not only on the ecological systems, the elucidation of Another critical part of the answer scale of geological time, but also as a the rules that give rise to order and stems from cybernetic tendencies. result of more immediate weather con- coherence cannot be dissociated from Autocatalysis is presented as a positive ditions and human alterations, exem- the related dynamics of chance and feedback system capable of generating plified by the Big Thompson flood in arbitrary phenomena. Drawing from a non-random response to a random 1976 and the extreme snowmelt of the discipline of information theory event, thereby assuring system stability 1983 that endangered Glen Canyon’s and from two key papers he read in and resistance to most disturbances. dam due to the rising water level in close succession, the author developed The concepts of ascendancy and over- Lake Powell. Revisiting lessons methods to quantify the degree of head are introduced, or in other terms, learned from 20 years of research, the organization inherent in a network of performance and reliability. The author reader comes to appreciate how land- interacting processes, parsing out what makes the point that in ecology, those scapes and ecosystems are not discrete is ordered and coherent about the sys- species best able to outgrow their com- entities but ongoing processes of tem from all that is disordered. The petition invest little energy in avoiding change, and how crucial the connected- third window stems from his observa- predation, whereas those that develop ness of humans and landscapes is. tion of the paradoxical role chance and more sophisticated defenses or behav- Recognizing that knowledge alone disarray play in the persistence of com- iors rarely have the resources to propa- is not enough, Wohl moved further plex systems, because, without them, a gate rapidly. toward political activism. She elo- system lacks the flexibility needed to Irrespective of whether or not one quently and passionately addresses all adapt and becomes defenseless against agrees with the author’s philosophical major issues relevant to develop a more novel perturbations. It offers a radical and metaphysical interpretations that sustainable society, from the extinction new view of the biotic world. weave through the entire narrative, the of natural species and the introduction A Third Window seeks to go originality of Ulanowicz’s postulate is of non-native fish in Colorado’s beyond Newton’s reductionism, the undeniable. His vision of a third window streams to problems of deforestation first window, with its time reversible of the world is sure to enrich us all. by the lumber industry, increased for- laws, and beyond Darwin’s second est fires, agriculture, mining, grazing, window that brings history into biolog- Of Rock and and the building of roads and towns, ical dynamics (the particularly evolu- Rivers: Seeking a and snow making. tionary pathway followed by the pred- Sense of Place in In the last chapter, “Poisoning the ecessors of a given organism strongly the American Well,” the author traces the journey of constrains what is possible in the next West. Ellen Wohl. a snow flake falling in the Rockies and generation). With Darwin came a shift University of descending to the eastern plains. The from the “laws” of physics to the California Press, water supply and water quality it repre- “process” of evolution, and thus an ele- 2009. $24.95 sents is progressively exposed to ment of indetermination was added to increasing levels of contamination and the determinate outcome of Newton’s For those depletion. Despite some resilience of laws. Ulanowicz illustrates this impor- who marvel at the stunning landscapes rivers and landscapes documented in

12 The Key Reporter her work, Wohl ends with the admoni- patients to receive insulin, a blessing Halberg Chronobiology Center at the tion that change in land management is that allowed her to live a full life until University of Minnesota, Twin Cities. needed to maintain sustainable stream her death in 1981. ecosystems in Colorado. The Fight to Survive is not only an inspiring story, it is thoroughly By Rick Eden The Fight to researched and beautifully written. Survive: A The Art Instinct: Young Girl, Healing Through Beauty, Diabetes, and Exercise: Pleasure, and the Discovery of Scientifically Human Insulin. Caroline Proven Ways to Evolution. Denis Cox. Kaplan Prevent and Dutton. Publishing, 2009. Overcome Illness Bloomsbury, 288 pages. and Lengthen 2010. $26.95 Your Life. Jörg 282 pages. Blech. Da Capo, $15.00 Written from a historical perspec- 2009. 256 pages. tive, this book relates the story of an $26.00 What is the behavior we call art, amazing young girl diagnosed with Sure, exercise is good to remain and why are humans inclined to engage diabetes at a time when scientists were lean and fit. We all know that. Actually, in it? This erudite and highly entertain- close to understanding the disease but there is quite a lot more to it and it was ing book addresses both questions. not close to any long-term treatment. It a delight to learn from the well-docu- Denis Dutton proffers a dozen is also the story of the discovery of mented and scientifically researched characteristics that define an instance insulin as four researchers worked tire- book of Jörg Blech. Exercise is good of human behavior as art. (Each work lessly in a Toronto laboratory to identi- not just to remain healthy and prevent of art need not have each characteris- fy the substance secreted by the pan- disease, but it also helps to heal in the tic.) Art provides pleasure, intellectual creas needed for metabolizing carbo- presence of disease. challenge and imaginative experience. hydrates, and find a treatment for dia- The information gathered in this It demonstrates skill and creativity. It betes. But above all, Caroline Cox suc- book attempts to achieve a paradigm expresses personality and emotion. ceeds in taking us to the post World shift by pointing out the dangers of bed It is produced in styles and within War I era when these events unfolded. rest, an outdated prescription still traditions. It represents experiences of The 11-year-old Elizabeth, daughter of widely recommended for patients suf- the world, yet is “bracketed off” from Charles Evans Hughes who would fering from a variety of ailments. ordinary life. It is described by a lan- become Secretary of State and Chief Systematically, Blech reviews the ben- guage of evaluation and criticism. Justice of the Supreme Court, first efits of exercise for keeping connective Using the list as a symptomatology, showed signs of the disease in the fall tissue and joints flexible, for keeping Dutton shows how one can conduct a of 1918. The diagnosis was later con- an integral bone structure, for reducing differential diagnosis of an object or firmed by Frederick Allen whose “star- inflammation and assuring adequate activity in any culture in order to deter- vation therapy” was then the only hope blood flow, for keeping muscles mine whether it should be considered for prolonging her life. While few peo- strong, for keeping infections at bay art. ple could endure it, Elizabeth was dif- and preventing water retention, for The instinct for art, according to ferent and she adhered strictly to her keeping lungs clear and the cardiovas- Dutton, “is not a single genetically diet with the help of her parents and cular system healthy, for avoiding driven impulse similar to the liking for Blanche Burgess, her devoted nurse. digestive problems, for keeping a sweetness but a complicated ensemble Elizabeth’s fortitude throughout healthy mind and for escaping from of impulses that involve responses to her ordeal; her aspirations, optimism chronic pain. the natural environment, to life’s likely and interest in nature, music and art; The importance of exercise is threats and opportunities, the sheer her love of learning and writing; and stressed in relation to today’s major appeal of color or sounds, social status, her commitment to her family and civilization diseases, such as heart dis- intellectual puzzles, extreme technical community transpire from her many ease, diabetes, obesity, psychiatric dis- difficulty, erotic interests and even letters, often written from her bed. orders and cancer. As such, it has the costliness.” Meanwhile, progress was made in potential to bring novel solutions to the Dutton traces these impulses to Toronto, and in 1922, Jim Havens increasing health care costs of modern their roots in “tastes, interests, prefer- became the first patient to receive a societies.  ences and capacities” that evolved shot of insulin, a breakthrough that throughout the two million years of earned Frederick Banting and John Germaine Cornelissen-Guillaume is a Paleolithic prehistory. The art instinct Macleod the Nobel Prize in 1923. professor of integrative biology and reflects both natural and sexual selec- Elizabeth too became one of the first physiology and co-director of the tion, that is, the selection of traits

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 13 favoring survival and those favoring politically unified homeland. ing for culture generally as an adapta- reproductive success through the Having set the stage, in part two tion. He defines an evolutionary adap- attraction of a mate. Isby turns to the current war, which he tation as “a feature of body, mind, or For instance, Dutton examines evi- decomposes into five conflicts. He behavior that … shows evidence of dence that our tastes for landscape devotes a chapter each to transnational good design for a specific function or illustration reflect skills we evolved for terrorism; the Pushtun insurgency in functions that will ultimately make a habitat selection. Studies have shown Afghanistan; the narcotics trade; the difference to the species’ survival and that preferences for landscape illustra- internal conflicts among Afghanistan’s reproductive success.” Meeting this tion are fairly stable across cultures. diverse groups (normal to any country, definition, culture evolved so that People everywhere find it satisfying to but exacerbated in Afghanistan); and groups could respond rapidly to view vistas that seem to afford safety, Pakistan’s several insurgencies. He changes in their environments: “genet- companionship, comfort, shelter, food, notes that military force has an impor- ic change normally takes many genera- water and interest. tant role in resolving only some of tions to pervade a population; culture This common response points to these conflicts, primarily those against can enable advantageous options to sources of appeal that are innate. the insurgents. spread rapidly in a single generation.” Part three addresses the conditions Art, a kind of “cognitive play,” evolved Afghanistan: under which the war in Afghanistan to enable “humans to extend and refine Graveyard of might be winnable. In Isby’s view, the key cognitive competencies.” Fiction Empires: A New problem really lies with the future of evolved to “aid our rapid understand- History of the one ethnolinguistic group: the ing of real-life social situations.” Borderlands. Pushtuns. Isby notes approvingly that In book two, “From Zeus to David Isby. the Obama administration’s focus on Seuss,” Boyd illustrates how an evolu- Pegasus Books, AfPak seems to reflect an understand- tionary perspective can inform the lit- 2010. 440 pages. ing of the transnational roots of the erary criticism of fiction. He devotes $28.95 insurgency in the Pushtun borderlands. 10 chapters to analyzing two very dif- ferent texts, Homer’s Odyssey and This is an On the Origin Horton Hears a Who! by Theodore excellent book for anyone who wants of Stories: Geisel (Dr. Seuss). His analysis of the to develop a detailed understanding of Evolution, Odyssey focuses on how Homer directs the war in Afghanistan and gain a Cognition, and attention, represents intelligence and nuanced appreciation of the difficulty Fiction. Brian dramatizes cooperation. His analysis of the U.S. faces in bringing it to a satis- Boyd. Belknap Horton Hears a Who! demonstrates factory conclusion. David Isby focuses Press of Harvard, four levels of literary explanation that his analysis on “the borderlands,” 2009. 540 pages. he calls “universal,” “local,” “individ- meaning the Pushtun homelands that $35.00 ual” and “particular.”  straddle Afghanistan’s disputed border with Pakistan. Rick Eden is a senior analyst and the Part one, “Lands in the Vortex,” Fiction is a human universal, both associate director of research quality provides basic background regarding in its production and consumption, a assurance at RAND, a nonprofit, non- history, ethnolinguistic groups, faiths, fact that suggests that storytelling is an partisan research institution headquar- institutions, and culture, beginning evolved adaptation. Yet, like altruism tered in Santa Monica, Calif. with Afghanistan as a whole and then and sex, fiction presents a challenge to focusing on Pushtuns. Isby refutes the evolutionary explanations: For what common claim Afghanistan was never advantage could accrue to devoting a real nation: Rather, “it used to be a energy and attention to false informa- By Jay Pasachoff relatively peaceful country with a cen- tion? Why don’t we attend only to tralized but weak government.” what we believe to be true? When You Were a Nevertheless, Afghanistan’s national On the Origin of Stories is Brian Tadpole and I boundaries remain unclear because Boyd’s ambitious, wide-ranging and Was a Fish: And Afghanistan has never accepted the illuminating attempt to address these Other boundary with Pakistan that was questions. It is really two books in one, Speculations demarcated by the British. The disput- a popularization of evolutionary sci- About This and ed border — called the Durand Line ence and a work of practical literary That. Martin after the foreign secretary of British criticism. Gardner. Hill and who established it — divided the Book one is entitled “Evolution, Wang, 2009. 246 Pushtuns between two countries, leav- Art, and Fiction.” Noting that fiction is pages. $26.00 ing the world’s largest tribal group a special case of art and art a special (over 40 million strong) without a case of culture, Boyd begins by argu-

14 The Key Reporter Science Under Many of the articles in Frazier’s Siege: Defending collection are not only worthy but also Science, Exposing interesting enough for the general read- Pseudoscience. er. As a new fellow of the Center for 2009 Kendrick Frazier, Skeptical Inquiry, I am particularly THE EMERSON AWARD ed. Prometheus interested in many of the topics cov- Books, 2009. 370 ered, and I am glad to recommend this The Book of Calamities pages. $21.98 book. I shall be assigning it in my BY PETER TRACHTENBERG Williams College course on “Science This homage to and Pseudoscience.”  Little, Brown and Company the late Martin Gardner, who died in May, takes the form of a review of his Astronomer and author Jay Pasachoff most recent published collection, is the director of Hopkins Observatory which contains miscellaneous pieces and Field Memorial Professor of published over many years. This ama- Astronomy at Williams College. teur scientist who became a beloved debunker of pseudoscience was a pro- FBK members and all other authors are lific author. His Fads and Fallacies in welcome to submit their books for the Name of Science, as his 1957 edi- possible review in The Key Reporter. tion was entitled, can be credited with Mail copies to The Key Reporter, 1606 inspiring many current practitioners of New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, scientific skepticism, myself included. DC 20009. Gardner’s many years of recre- CHRISTIAN GAUSS AWARD ational mathematics provided delights for generations of readers of Scientific About FBK’s Book Awards A Summer of Hummingbirds American and other outlets. Reporting on this year’s biannual “Gathering for Presented each year in December BY CHRISTOPHER BENFEY Gardner,” Alex Below in New Scientist to outstanding scholarly works, FBK’s The Penguin Press describes Gary Foshee’s puzzle, “I book awards are given to recognize have two children. One is a boy born excellence in the fields of the humani- on a Tuesday. What is the probability I ties, the social sciences, the natural sci- have two boys?” Fortunately, the end ences and mathematics. of the article explains why the answer The Ralph Waldo Emerson Award isn’t 50 percent. is given to books that contribute signif- Gardner’s “Tadpole” collection icantly to interpretations of the intel- includes a section on “Bogus Science,” lectual and cultural condition of explaining “Why I am not a paranor- humanity. Established in 1960, this malist.” Later, he explains “Why I am award recognizes works in the fields of not an atheist.” It is fun to dip into the history, philosophy and religion. variety of topics covered in this book. The Christian Gauss Award is For a more extensive view of the given to books in the field of literary fight against pseudoscience, see the scholarship or criticism. The prize was SCIENCE BOOK AWARD collection edited by Kendrick Frazier, established by the FBK Senate in 1950 the editor of the Skeptical Inquirer to honor the late Christian Gauss, the The Art and Politics of Science quarterly. You can find interesting arti- distinguished Princeton University BY HAROLD VARMUS cles about denialism of evolution, scholar, teacher and dean who also AIDS and global climate change. In served as president of the Society. W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. separate articles, you can learn about The Phi Beta Kappa Award in vaccine safety and if the anti-vaccina- Science is given to outstanding contri- tion movement is killing young chil- butions by scientists to the literature of dren. You can read about several science. The intent of the award is to pseudocientific investigations, such as encourage literate and scholarly inter- magnet therapy, “A Billion-Dollar pretations of the physical and biologi- Boondoggle.” The article by Gardner cal sciences and mathematics. himself deals with false memories and The 2010 winners will be gives examples of the unfortunate con- announced soon! Follow us on Twitter sequences for those accused of such or visit www.pbk.org for more informa- pseudoscience. tion.

www.pbk.org Fall 2010 15 THE KEY REPORTER Periodicals Postage THE PHI BETA KAPPA SOCIETY P A I D 1606 New Hampshire Ave. NW at Washington DC Washington, D.C. 20009 and at additional mailing addresses Tel: (202) 265-3808 Fax: (202) 986-1601

krowehT eBihPehtfok coSappaKate yteic mieromsi wontnatropm ebrevenahtw .erofe ceSehTnioJ rceSehTnioJ r dna,elcriCsyrater hdnaelcriCs’yrater h feruoecnavdapleh fff otstro mAnehtgnerts anoitacudenacirem htfoefilehtdna e

Phi Beta Kappa is more than an “honor society.”society. It is the leading advocate for the liberal arts, developing tomorrow’s leaders and thinkers. That’s a worthy investment. Kevin Baird Chief Education Officer, EdLead LLC PBK Carleton College ‘91, Sociology & Anthropology

As a Secr s Ciretary’ Circle participant, you will be invited to attend an array of national and regional events of extraordinary intellectual interest. To learn more, contact the Office of the Secretary at 202 745 3280 or [email protected]. The Secretary’s Circle giving levels start at $1,500.

*)41.")8&/    *)4"8 8/ &6/&7"&3* r$% /05(/ (30,#1888r