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Late Quaternary Paleolimnology in the Southern Hemisphere Tropics

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Late Quaternary Paleolimnology in the Southern Hemisphere Tropics LATE QUATERNARY PALEOLIMNOLOGY IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICS Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors McGlue, Michael Matthew Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 20:23:43 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204064 1 LATE QUATERNARY PALEOLIMNOLOGY IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE TROPICS by Michael Matthew McGlue A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF GEOSCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2011 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Michael Matthew McGlue entitled ‚Late Quaternary Paleolimnology in the Southern Hemisphere Tropics‛ and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 ANDREW COHEN _______________________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 PETER DECELLES _______________________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 VANCE HOLLIDAY _______________________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 ROY JOHNSON _______________________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 JAY QUADE Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. _______________________________________________ Date: January 31, 2011 Dissertation Director: ANDREW COHEN 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This document has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this document are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the author. SIGNED: Michael Matthew McGlue 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Mom, Dad and Ken – I love you. Friends make graduate school bearable. Christine Gans will forever hold a special place in my heart. Sarah Ivory always reminded me to keep looking up. Mark Trees is one of the finest men I have ever known. Andrew and Astrid Kowler made me feel like a part of their family. Kiram Lezzar helped me find some purpose. Anna Felton and Meg Blome always tried. Chris Dyson, Keith Rauch, Josh Carpenter, Mike Sandusky, Ted Dickson, Veronica Langhofer and Graig Avino have been there through it all and kept me laughing. Jules Omarini, Diego Munoz, Martin Plaza, Aguinaldo Silva, Hiran Zani, Tito Corrandini, Fred Gradella, Sidney Kuerten, Beatriz Lima de Paula, Preston Smith, Erin Abel, Erin Gleeson, John Mischler, Majie Fan, Xiaoyu Xiang, the staff at LacCore, and the staff at UA AMS are new friends I’ll not soon forget. Money drives research. I am especially thankful to AAPG, GSA, Sigma Xi, UA- GPSC, Robert Bulter, Karchner Caverns, the Chevron Corporation and LacCore for providing small grants that aided my efforts. Larger grants from NSF, ExxonMobil, ACS-PRF and FAPESP made international fieldwork a possibility; Andy Cohen, Peter DeCelles and Mario Assine were instrumental in securing these funds and making them available to me. Chris Eastoe, David Dettman, Tim Jull and Peter Swarzenski helped keep analytical costs down and I am grateful to them. Geoff Ellis and Peter Rumelhart deserve special mention for all of their efforts on my behalf – both have my respect and thanks. Teaching is really important. Owen Davis, Andy Cohen and Sarah Holmes gave me the opportunity to teach, and I am grateful to them for sharing their expertise. The staff makes the Department work. To Eneida Guerra de Lima, Sharon Bouck, Kiriaki Xiluri, Norm Meader, Anne Chase, and Heather Alvarez – thank you for making my life much easier. Eventually one must graduate. My committee (Andy Cohen, Jay Quade, Peter DeCelles, Vance Holliday and Roy Johnson) helped make that possible. Cheers! 5 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to Mark Trees, Kelly Wendt, Aguinaldo Silva and Fabrício Corrandini – without their courage and resolve – I am quite certain this dissertation never would have been completed. and to Molly McGlue (1992 – 2004). 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT _________________________________________________________________________________ 8 INTRODUCTION ________________________________________________________________________ 10 PRESENT STUDY ________________________________________________________________________ 19 REFERENCES ____________________________________________________________________________ 32 APPENDIX A: SEISMIC RECORDS OF LATE PLEISTOCENE ARIDITY IN LAKE TANGANYIKA, TROPICAL EAST AFRICA _________________________________________ 41 Permission to reprint from the copyright holder ______________________________ 41 Abstract _____________________________________________________________________________ 42 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________ 43 Description of study area _________________________________________________________ 47 Methods _____________________________________________________________________________ 50 Results ______________________________________________________________________________ 51 Discussion __________________________________________________________________________ 57 Conclusions ________________________________________________________________________ 74 Acknowledgements _______________________________________________________________ 76 References __________________________________________________________________________ 77 Figures ______________________________________________________________________________ 86 Tables _______________________________________________________________________________ 98 APPENDIX B: ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS ON SHELL-RICH FACIES IN TROPICAL LACUSTRINE RIFTS: A VIEW FROM LAKE TANGANYIKA’S LITTORAL ________________________________________________________________________________ 99 Permission to reprint from the copyright holder ______________________________ 99 Abstract ____________________________________________________________________________ 100 Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ 101 Background _______________________________________________________________________ 103 Methods ____________________________________________________________________________ 106 Results _____________________________________________________________________________ 108 Interpretations ____________________________________________________________________ 115 Discussion _________________________________________________________________________ 124 Conclusions _______________________________________________________________________ 128 Acknowledgements ______________________________________________________________ 130 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued References _________________________________________________________________________ 131 Figures _____________________________________________________________________________ 139 Tables ______________________________________________________________________________ 148 APPENDIX C: PLAYA-LAKE SEDIMENTATION AND ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION IN AN ANDEAN PIGGYBACK BASIN: THE RECENT RECORD FROM THE CUENCA DE POZUELOS, NW ARGENTINA ____________ 152 Abstract ____________________________________________________________________________ 153 Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ 154 Regional Overview _______________________________________________________________ 156 Methods and Materials ___________________________________________________________ 159 Results and Interpretations ______________________________________________________ 162 Discussion _________________________________________________________________________ 166 Conclusions _______________________________________________________________________ 172 Acknowledgements ______________________________________________________________ 175 References _________________________________________________________________________ 176 Figures _____________________________________________________________________________ 184 Tables ______________________________________________________________________________ 191 APPENDIX D: LIMNOGEOLOGY IN BRAZIL’S ‚FORGOTTEN WILDERNESS": A SYNTHESIS FROM THE GREAT LAKES OF THE PANTANAL _________________ 197 Abstract ____________________________________________________________________________ 198 Introduction _______________________________________________________________________ 199 Methods and Materials ___________________________________________________________ 206 Results _____________________________________________________________________________ 209 Discussion _________________________________________________________________________
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