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Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy

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Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy Editor HUANG Yong Kutztown University, Kutztown, PA, U.S.A. While ‘‘philosophy’’ is a Western term, philosophy is not something exclusively Western. In this increasingly global world, the importance of non-Western philosophy becomes more and more obvious. Among all the non-Western traditions, Chinese philosophy is certainly one of the richest. In a history of more than 2500 years, many extremely important classics, philosophers, and schools have been produced. As China is becoming an economical power today, it is only natural that more and more people become interested in learning about the cultural tradition, including the philosophical tradition, of China. The Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy series aims to provide the most comprehensive and most updated introduction to various aspects of Chinese philosophy as well as philosophical traditions heavily influenced by it. Each volume in this series focuses on an individual school, text, or person. For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/8596 John Makeham Editor Dao Companion to Neo-Confucian Philosophy 13 Editor John Makeham School of Culture, History and Language College of Asia and the Pacific Bldg. #110 The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200 Australia [email protected] ISBN 978-90-481-2929-4 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2930-0 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2930-0 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010925028 # Springer ScienceþBusiness Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover Caligraphy: Ni Peimin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Contents Introduction ................................................ ix John Makeham ZHOU Dunyi’s Philosophy of the Supreme Polarity .................. 1 Tze-ki Hon SHAO Yong’s Numerological-Cosmological System .................. 17 Don J. Wyatt ZHANG Zai’s Theory of Vital Energy ............................. 39 Robin R. Wang and DING Weixiang CHENG Yi’s Moral Philosophy .................................. 59 HUANG Yong The Thesis of Single-Rootedness in the Thought of CHENG Hao ........ 89 WONG Wai-ying HU Hong’s Philosophy........................................ 105 Hans van Ess ZHANG Shi’s Philosophical Perspectives on Human Nature, Heart/Mind, Humaneness, and the Supreme Ultimate .......................... 125 Hoyt Cleveland Tillman and Christian Soffel ZHU Xi’s Cosmology ......................................... 153 John Berthrong ZHU Xi’s Moral Psychology.................................... 177 Kwong-loi Shun LU¨Zuqian’s Political Philosophy................................ 197 Kai Marchal v vi Contents Neo-Confucian Philosophy and Genre: The Philosophical Writings of CHEN Chun and ZHEN Dexiu ................................. 223 Hilde De Weerdt LU Xiangshan’s Ethical Philosophy .............................. 249 Philip J. Ivanhoe ‘‘The Four Masters of Mingzhou’’: Transmission and Innovation among the Disciples of LU Jiuyuan (Xiangshan) .................... 267 Linda Walton Metaphysics and the Basis of Morality in the Philosophy of WANG Yangming ................................................. 295 David W. Tien WANG Yangming as a Virtue Ethicist............................. 315 Stephen C. Angle LIU Zongzhou on Self-Cultivation ............................... 337 Chung-yi Cheng WANG Fuzhi’s Philosophy of Principle (Li) Inherent in Qi ............. 355 JeeLoo Liu LI Guangdi and the Philosophy of Human Nature ................... 381 NG On-cho DAI Zhen on Human Nature and Moral Cultivation ................. 399 Justin Tiwald Index ..................................................... 423 Contributors Stephen C. Angle Philosophy Department, Wesleyan University, 350 High Street, Middletown, CT 06459, USA, [email protected] John Berthrong Associate Professor of Comparative Theology, Boston University School of Theology, and Deputy Director of the Division of Religious and Theological Studies, Boston, USA, [email protected] Chung-yi Cheng Department of Philosophy and Research Center for Chinese Philosophy and Culture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC, [email protected] DING Weixiang Department of Philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, People’s Republic of China, [email protected] Tze-ki Hon History Department, State University of New York at Geneseo, USA, [email protected] HUANG Yong Department of Philosophy, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Kutztown, PA 19530, USA, [email protected] Philip J. Ivanhoe Professor of Philosophy, Department of Public and Social Administration, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC, [email protected] JeeLoo Liu Department of Philosophy, California State University at Fullerton, USA, [email protected] John Makeham The Australian National, University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, [email protected] Kai Marchal Soochow University, Department of Philosophy, 70 Linhsi Road, Shihlin, Taipei 111-02, Taiwan, R.O.C., [email protected] NG On-cho Professor of History, Religious Studies, and Asian Studies; The Pennsylvania State University, USA, [email protected] Kwong-loi Shun The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PRC, [email protected] vii viii Contributors Christian Soffel Christian Soffel, Institute of Chinese Studies, Munich University, Germany, [email protected] David W. Tien Department of Philosophy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, [email protected] Hoyt Cleveland Tillman School of Historical, Philosophical and Religious Studies at Arizona State University, Tempe, USA, [email protected] Justin Tiwald Department of Philosophy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA, [email protected] Hans van Ess LMU Munich, Department for Asian Studies, Sinologisches Seminar, Kaulbachstr. 51a, 80539 Munich, Germany, [email protected] Linda Walton Professor of History, Portland State University, USA, [email protected] Robin R. Wang Loyola Marymount University, USA, [email protected] Hilde De Weerdt University of Oxford, Institute for Chinese Studies and Pembroke College, UK, [email protected] WONG Wai-ying Department of Philosophy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, PRC, [email protected] Don J. Wyatt Department of History, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA, [email protected] Introduction John Makeham Early in 2007, HUANG Yong approached me to see if I might be interested in editing a volume on Neo-Confucian philosophy as part of the new Springer book series, ‘‘Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy.’’ Unhampered by any realistic sense of what such a task might entail, somewhat naively I accepted the invitation and began to approach potential contributors to solicit advice on how the volume might be structured. The question of whether the volume should be arranged on the basis of philosophical themes and topics or organized on the basis of the philosophical thought of individual thinkers proved to be the first challenge. Intellectually the first option seemed to be the most rewarding (and difficult); it was also the one on which there was little consensus among contributors to the project about just how a thematic volume might be structured. The eventual decision to structure the volume on the basis of the philosophical thought of individual thinkers, in addition to being organizationally more straightforward, had the benefit of enabling authors to address issues of historical context more directly, and also to explore more systematically how individual thinkers had used particular combinations of concepts to frame their philosophical views. The choice of which thinkers to include was made through a combination of inviting the participation of contributors with acknowledged expertise on particular thinkers and also allowing contributors to choose the thinkers and ideas they wanted to introduce. The result of this collaborative undertaking is the first volume to provide a comprehensive introduction, in accessible English, to the Neo-Confucian philosophical thought of representative Chinese thinkers from the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries.1 The volume is not simply a collection of biographies nor is it designed to provide a history of Neo-Confucian philosophy; it is, first 1 The volume does not include coverage of the philosophical thought of all Neo-Confucian thinkers. The relative thinness of coverage for the Ming period is due, in part, to the existence of a partial translation of Case Studies of Ming Confucians (Ming ru xue’an 明儒學案) (Huang 1987) and Willard Peterson’s chapter in the Cambridge History (Peterson 1998). On the other hand, given the historical importance and ongoing legacies of ZHU Xi 朱熹 (1130–1200) and WANG Yangming 王陽明 (1472–1529), it was decided to devote two essays to them each. ix x Introduction and foremost, concerned with the philosophical thought of individual Neo- Confucian thinkers. It brings together nineteen essays on a range of topics in Neo-Confucian philosophy, embracing natural and speculative philosophy through to virtue ethics and political philosophy. It is written
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