The Teacup Media History of Chinese Philosophy 9-Part Series Presented by Laszlo Montgomery

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Teacup Media History of Chinese Philosophy 9-Part Series Presented by Laszlo Montgomery The Teacup Media History of Chinese Philosophy 9-Part Series Presented by Laszlo Montgomery Timeline of Chinese Philosophers @LaszloCHP teacup.media Name 名字 When Dynasty Elsewhere Yuzi 鬻⼦ c.1100 BCE 周 Zhou Sima Tan’s 6 Schools of Thought Guan Zhong 管仲 720 - 645 BCE 论六家要旨 Lùn Liùjiā Yàozhî Confucius Laozi ⽼⼦ ? - 531 BCE Pythagoras 570-495 BCE 孔⼦ Deng Xi 邓析 545 - 501 BCE Kôngzî Confucius 孔⼦ 551 - 479 BCE Gautama Buddha 563-480 BCE Sunzi 孙⼦ 544 - 496 BCE Mozi 墨⼦ 470 - 391 BCE Socrates 469-399 BCE 1. Confucianism 儒家 Rú Jiā Liezi 列⼦ 450 - 375 BCE Democritus 450-370 BCE 2. Daoism 道家 Dào Jiā Yang Zhu 杨朱 440 - 360 BCE Plato 427-347 BCE 3. Legalism 法家 Fâ Jiā 4. Mohism 墨家 Mò Jiā Shen Buhai 申不害 400 - 337 BCE 5. School of Names 名家 Míng Jiā 6. Yin Yang School 阴阳家 Yīnyáng Jiā 13 Confucian Classics Shang Yang 商鞅 390 - 338 BCE Aristotle 384-322 BCE ⼗三经 Shísànjīng Hui Shi 惠施 370 - 310 BCE Mengzi 孟⼦ 372 - 289 BCE 1. I Ching / The Book of Changes 易经 Yìjīng 2. The Classic of History 书经 Shūjīng Zhuangzi 庄⼦ 369 - 286 BCE 3. The Classic of Poetry 诗经 Shījīng 4. Rites of Zhou 周礼 Zhōulî Shen Dao 慎到 350 - 275 BCE Epicurus 341-270 BCE 5 Founders of Neo-Confucianism Yílî 5. Rites and Ceremonies 仪礼 Gongsun Long 公孙⻰ 325 - 250 BCE Zeno 333-264 BCE 宋明理学 6. The Classic of Rites 礼记 Lîjì Sòng Míng Lîxué 7. The Commentary of Zuo 左传 Zuô Zhuàn Zou Yan 邹衍 305 - 240 BCE 8. The Commentary of Gongyang 公⽺传 Gōngyáng Zhuàn 9. The Commentary of Guliang ⾕梁传 Gûliáng Zhuàn Xunzi 荀⼦ 313 - 238 BCE Lúnyû 10. The Analects 论语 Han Feizi 韩⾮⼦ 280 - 233 BCE 11. The Classic of Filial Piety 孝经 Xiàojīng 12. Erya 尔雅 Ěryâ Li Si 李斯 280 - 208 BCE 13. Mencius 孟⼦ Mèngzî Dong Zhongshu 董仲舒 179 - 104 BCE 汉 Han Zhou Dunyi Shao Yong 周敦颐 邵雍 Yang Xiong 杨雄 53 BCE - 18 CE 1017-1073 1011-1077 Confucius’s 4 Books & 5 Classics Wang Chong 王充 27 - 100 四书五经 Sìshū Wûjīng Wang Bi 王弼 226 - 249 三国 Three Kingdoms Xiang Xiu 向秀 227 - 272 1. The Great Learning ⼤学 Dàxué 2. The Doctrine of the Mean 中庸 Zhōngyōng Guo Xiang 郭象 252 - 312 3. The Analects 论语 Lúnyû Zhang Zai Cheng Hao Cheng Yi 4. The Mencius 孟⼦ Mèngzî Ge Hong 葛洪 283 - 343 晋 Jin 张载 程颢 程颐 Liu Zongyuan 柳宗元 773 - 819 唐 Tang Augustine 354-430 1020-1077 1032-1085 1033-1107 1. I Ching / The Book of Changes 易经 Yìjīng 2. The Classic of Poetry 诗经 Shījīng Han Yu 韩愈 768 - 824 Al-Kindi 801-873 3. The Classic of Rites 礼记 Lîjì Li Ao 李傲 ? - 844 4. The Classic of History 书经 Shūjīng 3 Key Scholars of Neo-Confucianism 5. The Spring and Autumn Annals 春秋 Chūnqiū Zhou Dunyi 周敦颐 1017 - 1073 宋 Song Ibn Sina 980-1037 Shao Yong 邵雍 1011 - 1077 Zhang Zai 张载 1020 - 1077 Cheng Hao 程颢 1032 - 1085 Cheng Yi 程颐 1033 - 1107 Maimonides 1135-1204 Lu Jiuyuan Zhu Xi Wang Yangming 陆九渊 朱熹 王阳明 Lu Jiuyuan 陆九渊 113 9 - 119 3 Francis of Assisi 1135-1226 113 9 - 119 3 113 0 - 12 0 0 1472-1529 Supreme Ultimate Zhu Xi 朱熹 113 0 - 1200 Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 ⽆极 Wang Yangming 王阳明 1472 - 1529 明 Ming Erasmus 1466-1536 Wújí Martin Luther 1483-1546 Montaigne 1533-1592 summer 5 Elements S 五⾏ Wûxíng SE SW 8 Trigrams fire ⼋卦 spring E W autumn ⽕ creates Bā Guà huô 4 Yang Trigrams 4 Yin Trigrams creates destroys 阳仪四卦 ☯ 阴仪四卦 wood⽊ earth NE NW Yángyí Sìguà Yīnyí Sìguà ⽊ ⼟ destroys N heaven lake fire thunder wind water mountain earth mù tû 乾 兌 离 震 巽 坎 ⾉ 坤 destroys creates qián duì lí zhèn xùn kân gèn kūn winter destroys destroys creates water metal ⽔ ⾦ shuî creates jīn 64 Hexagrams Yellow River Map 六⼗四卦 河图 Liùshísì Guà Hétú heaven thunder water mountain earth wind fire lake 乾 震 坎 ⾉ 坤 兌 fire 巽 离 qián zhèn kân gèn kūn xùn lí duì Zhou Dunyi’s Taijitu 太极图 heaven Tàijítú 乾 qián wood metal earth thunder 震 zhèn water water 坎 yang yáng 陽 陰 yīn yin kân action dòng 動 静 jìng stillness mountain fire water ⾉ gèn ⽕ ⽔ Luo Shu Square 洛书 earth earth ⼟ Luòshū 坤 kūn fire wood metal ⽊ ⾦ wind wood S earth 巽 xùn summer male qián 乾 坤 kūn female aspect dào 道 道 dào aspect fire chéng 成 成 chéng 离 nán 男 ⼥ nû E W lí wood metal spring autumn earth lake 兌 duì N earth winter metal transformation and creation of all living things 化⽣万物 water huāshēng wànwù © Teacup Media, 2017 Designed by Jeannette Lee.
Recommended publications
  • What Is NP?-Interpretation of a Chinese Paradox" White Horse Is
    What is NP ? - Interpretation of a Chinese paradox white horse is not horse Yu LI (1) MIS, Universit´ede Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80090 Amiens, France (2) Institut of computational theory and application, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China Abstract The notion of nondeterminism has disappeared from the current definition of NP , which has led to ambiguities in understanding NP , and caused fundamental difficulties in studying the relation P versus NP. In this paper, we question the equivalence of the two definitions of NP , the one defining NP as the class of problems solvable by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and the other defining NP as the class of problems verifiable by a deterministic Turing machine in polynomial time, and reveal cognitive biases in this equivalence. Inspired from a famous Chinese paradox white horse is not horse, we further analyze these cognitive biases. The work shows that these cognitive biases arise from the confusion between different levels of nondeterminism and determinism, due to the lack of understanding about the essence of nondeterminism. Therefore, we argue that fundamental difficulties in understanding P versus NP lie firstly at cognition level, then logic level. Keywords: recognition of problem; P versus NP ; nondeterminism; determinism; polynomial time verifiability; nondeterministic Turing machine; deterministic Turing machine; white horse is not horse 1 Introduction arXiv:1501.01906v1 [cs.CC] 8 Jan 2015 One of the main issues in the theory of NP -completeness is to study whether a NP problem can be efficiently solved by an algorithm, i.e., the existence of a polynomial time algorithm to solve a NP problem.
    [Show full text]
  • Kung Tzu Confucius 500 BC the DOCTRINE of the MEAN The
    Kung tzu Confucius 500 BC THE DOCTRINE OF THE MEAN The Doctrine of the the Mean [Zhong Yong Chung Yung], attrib. to Confucius, trans. In Wing-Tsit Chan, A Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy, (Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963), 95-115 this version available on the Internet via World Wide Web at gopher://gopher.vt.edu:10010/11/66/3 What Heaven has conferred is called The Nature; an accordance with this nature is called The Path of duty; the regulation of this path is called Instruction. The path may not be left for an instant. If it could be left, it would not be the path. On this account, the superior man does not wait till he sees things, to be cautious, nor till he hears things, to be apprehensive. There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more manifest than what is minute. Therefore the superior man is watchful over himself, when he is alone. While there are no stirrings of pleasure, anger, sorrow, or joy, the mind may be said to be in the state of Equilibrium. When those feelings have been stirred, and they act in their due degree, there ensues what may be called the state of Harmony. This Equilibrium is the great root from which grow all the human actings in the world, and this Harmony is the universal path which they all should pursue. Let the states of equilibrium and harmony exist in perfection, and a happy order will prevail throughout heaven and earth, and all things will be nourished and flourish.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Translation and Creative Misunderstanding in the Art Of
    Cultural Translation and Creative Misunderstanding in the Art of Wenda Gu David Cateforis One of the major Chinese-born avant-garde artists of his generation, Wenda Gu (b. Shanghai, 1955) began his career as part of the ’85 Movement in China, relocated to the United States in 1987, and achieved international renown in the 1990s.1 Since the late 1990s Gu has spent increasing amounts of time back in China participating in that country’s booming contemporary art scene; he now largely divides his time between Brooklyn and Shanghai. This transnational experience has led Gu to create numerous art works dealing with East–West interchange. This paper introduces and briefly analyzes two of his recent projects, Forest of Stone Steles—Retranslation and Rewriting of Tang Poetry (1993–2005), and Cultural Transference—A Neon Calligraphy Series (2004–7), both of which explore creatively certain problems and paradoxes of attempts to translate between Chinese and English languages and cultures. A full understanding of these projects requires some knowledge of the work that first gained Gu international recognition, his united nations series of installations, begun in 1993.2 The series consists of a sequence of what Gu calls “monuments,” made principally of human hair fash- ioned into such elements as bricks, carpets, and curtains, and combined to create large quasi-architectural installations. Comprising national mon- uments made from hair collected within a single country and installed there, and transnational or “universal” monuments made of hair collected from around the world, Gu’s series uses blended human hair to suggest the utopian possibility of human unification through biological merger.
    [Show full text]
  • The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery Within Korea’S Neo-Confucian Culture
    The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 The Body in Packaging Culture: Researching Cosmetic Surgery within Korea’s Neo-Confucian Culture By Eunji Choi Submitted to Utrecht University Graduate Gender Studies Program Main Supervisor: Prof. dr. Anne-Marie Korte Support Supervisor: Dr. Mark Johnson Approved by: Utrecht, The Netherlands 2015 2 Abstract Contemporary developments within the current global self-care regime have increased the potential of many individuals to control their own bodies, and to have their bodies surveilled by others (Shilling, 2003). The body is understood as a project that needs to be “worked at and accomplished as part of an individual’s self-identity” (Shilling, 2003:4) in this time of ‘high modernity’ (Giddens, 1991). The project of cosmetic surgery is one example of how modern individuals attribute significance both to their bodies and the way their bodies look. In a South Korean context, the cosmetic surgery scene is especially interesting to examine in the light of the uniquely Korean practice of giving cosmetic surgery as a gift, especially to daughters. Ironically, the body has to remain unaltered from how it has been received at birth according to the Neo-Confucian tradition, which continues to form the ideological base of contemporary Korean society. Moreover, this tradition teaches that inward goodness does not depend upon one’s outer appearance, something that is quite opposite to “popular physiognomic assumptions that the body, especially the face, is a reflection of the self” (Featherstone, 2010:195).
    [Show full text]
  • Glossary of Personal Names
    Glossary of Personal Names Ai Kai 艾恺 (Guy Alitto) Chen Duxiu 陈独秀 Ai Siqi 艾思奇 Chen Fuchen 陈黻宸 Roger Ames 安乐哲 Chen Guangzhong 陈广忠 An Qinian 安启念 Chen Guofu 陈国符 Kengo Araki 荒木见悟 Chen Guying 陈鼓应 Asano Yuichi 浅野裕一 Chen Hanzhang 陈汉章 Bai Tongdong 白彤东 Chen Jian 陈坚 Bai Xi 白溪 Chen Jing 陈静 Ban Gu 班固 Chen Jinkun 陈进坤 Bao Guizhen 宝贵贞 Chen Jiuchuan 陈九川 Bao Lige 宝力格 Chen Jiujin 陈久金 Bao Shibin 鲍世斌 Chen Junmin 陈俊民 Batu Bagan 巴图巴干 Chen Junyi 陈君毅 Bi Yangsai 毕养赛 Chen Keming 陈克明 Bo Shuren 薄树人 Chen Lai 陈来 Cai Boming 蔡伯铭 Chen Lisheng 陈立胜 Cai Degui 蔡德贵 Chen Mengjia 陈梦家 Cai Fanglu 蔡方鹿 Chen Menglin 陈猛麟 Cai Shangsi 蔡尚思 Chen Ming 陈明 Cai Yuanpei 蔡元培 Chen Pan 陈槃 Cai Zhongde 蔡仲德 Chen Shaoming 陈少明 Cao Cao 曹操 Chen Qiaojian 陈乔见 Cao Feng 曹峰 Chen Qifang 陈期芳 Cao Fujing 曹福敬 Chen Qiyun 陈启云 Cao Jianguo 曹建国 Chen Qizhi 陈启智 Cao Yaoming 曹耀明 Chen Renren 陈仁仁 Cao Zhongjian 曹中建 Chen Rongjie 陈荣捷 Ceng Xiangyun 曾祥云 Chen Rui 陈锐 Cengzi 曾子 Chen Shaoming 陈小明 Wing-Tsit Chan 陈荣捷 Chen Shengbai 陈声柏 Chen Banghuai 陈邦怀 Chen Songchang 陈松长 Chen Bao 陈莹 Chen Tongsheng 陈桐生 Chen Biao 陈彪 Chen Weiping 陈卫平 Chen Chang 陈畅 Chen Xianchu 陈先初 Chen Chun 陈淳 Chen Xianyou 陈宪猷 Chen Daqi 陈大齐 Chen Xiuzhai 陈修斋 Chen Daixiang 陈代湘 Chen Yangjiong 陈扬炯 © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004360495_018 Qiyong Guo - 9789004360495 Downloaded from Brill.com09/24/2021 05:39:45PM via free access 598 Glossary of Personal Names Chen Yaoting 陈耀庭 Dao An 道安 Chen Yingning 陈撄宁 Deng Aimin 邓艾民 Chen Yinke 陈寅恪 Deng Bingyi 邓冰夷 Chen Yong 陈勇 Deng Kewu 邓克武 Chen Yongge 陈永革 Deng Lianhe 邓联合 Chen Youqin 陈友琴 Deng Mu 邓牧 Chen Yuan 陈垣 Deng
    [Show full text]
  • The Analects of Confucius
    The analecTs of confucius An Online Teaching Translation 2015 (Version 2.21) R. Eno © 2003, 2012, 2015 Robert Eno This online translation is made freely available for use in not for profit educational settings and for personal use. For other purposes, apart from fair use, copyright is not waived. Open access to this translation is provided, without charge, at http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23420 Also available as open access translations of the Four Books Mencius: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23421 Mencius: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23423 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: An Online Teaching Translation http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23422 The Great Learning and The Doctrine of the Mean: Translation, Notes, and Commentary http://hdl.handle.net/2022/23424 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION i MAPS x BOOK I 1 BOOK II 5 BOOK III 9 BOOK IV 14 BOOK V 18 BOOK VI 24 BOOK VII 30 BOOK VIII 36 BOOK IX 40 BOOK X 46 BOOK XI 52 BOOK XII 59 BOOK XIII 66 BOOK XIV 73 BOOK XV 82 BOOK XVI 89 BOOK XVII 94 BOOK XVIII 100 BOOK XIX 104 BOOK XX 109 Appendix 1: Major Disciples 112 Appendix 2: Glossary 116 Appendix 3: Analysis of Book VIII 122 Appendix 4: Manuscript Evidence 131 About the title page The title page illustration reproduces a leaf from a medieval hand copy of the Analects, dated 890 CE, recovered from an archaeological dig at Dunhuang, in the Western desert regions of China. The manuscript has been determined to be a school boy’s hand copy, complete with errors, and it reproduces not only the text (which appears in large characters), but also an early commentary (small, double-column characters).
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China Annual Report 2019
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 18, 2019 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: https://www.cecc.gov VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2019 ONE HUNDRED SIXTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION NOVEMBER 18, 2019 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: https://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 36–743 PDF WASHINGTON : 2019 VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate JAMES P. MCGOVERN, Massachusetts, MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Co-chair Chair JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio TOM COTTON, Arkansas THOMAS SUOZZI, New York STEVE DAINES, Montana TOM MALINOWSKI, New Jersey TODD YOUNG, Indiana BEN MCADAMS, Utah DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California CHRISTOPHER SMITH, New Jersey JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon BRIAN MAST, Florida GARY PETERS, Michigan VICKY HARTZLER, Missouri ANGUS KING, Maine EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS Department of State, To Be Appointed Department of Labor, To Be Appointed Department of Commerce, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed At-Large, To Be Appointed JONATHAN STIVERS, Staff Director PETER MATTIS, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate Nov 24 2008 13:38 Nov 18, 2019 Jkt 036743 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 G:\ANNUAL REPORT\ANNUAL REPORT 2019\2019 AR GPO FILES\FRONTMATTER.TXT C O N T E N T S Page I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Ch' Eng
    C143 ) A Study of Ch' eng -The Cosmo-ethical Principle in the Confucian Metaphysics of Morality- by Shim, Jae-Ryong* I. Introduction The efforts of some of the modern Confucian scholars seem to turn toward re-establishingConfucian order ~nd harmony with creative en­ thusiasm. They declare that the contribution of Confucianism to the eternal hope of mankind toward realizing the true sense of culture and peace is not to be simply discarded, because the true spirit of Confucianism is nothing but a craving for order and harmony. \\That, then, is the motive to achieye the ideal of Confucianists In their craving for harmony? The answer given from the time of its initiator Confucius himself down to the present is invariably one: ch' eng' (sincerity, truth, or absolute reality). The other key-concepts like hsing b (nature), jen C (humanity or benevolence), li d (principle or rationality) and ch'j e (principle of dynamic creativity or material force), etc. have been cast to incessant trnasformation and faced ups and downs according to the time and situations. The intricate relations and proper places of those key-concepts will be examined later on within the general framework of the Neo-Confucian metaphysics of morality centering around the concept of ch' eng. The purpose of this paper is, first, to trace the ongm and develop- * Assisstant Professor, Department of Philosophy; Seoul National University. mentof the concept ch' eng in the history of Chinese philosophy, and, second, to reconstruct the genuine philosophy of commitment in com­ pliance with the true spirit of Confucianism which is now .
    [Show full text]
  • B Philosophy (General) B
    B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Philosophy (General) For general philosophical treatises and introductions to philosophy see BD10+ Periodicals. Serials 1.A1-.A3 Polyglot 1.A4-Z English and American 2 French and Belgian 3 German 4 Italian 5 Spanish and Portuguese 6 Russian and other Slavic 8.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Societies 11 English and American 12 French and Belgian 13 German 14 Italian 15 Spanish and Portuguese 18.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 20 Congresses Collected works (nonserial) 20.6 Several languages 20.8 Latin 21 English and American 22 French and Belgian 23 German 24 Italian 25 Spanish and Portuguese 26 Russian and other Slavic 28.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z 29 Addresses, essays, lectures Class here works by several authors or individual authors (31) Yearbooks see B1+ 35 Directories Dictionaries 40 International (Polyglot) 41 English and American 42 French and Belgian 43 German 44 Italian 45 Spanish and Portuguese 48.A-Z Other. By language, A-Z Terminology. Nomenclature 49 General works 50 Special topics, A-Z 51 Encyclopedias 1 B PHILOSOPHY (GENERAL) B Historiography 51.4 General works Biography of historians 51.6.A2 Collective 51.6.A3-Z Individual, A-Z 51.8 Pictorial works Study and teaching. Research Cf. BF77+ Psychology Cf. BJ66+ Ethics Cf. BJ66 Ethics 52 General works 52.3.A-Z By region or country, A-Z 52.5 Problems, exercises, examinations 52.65.A-Z By school, A-Z Communication of information 52.66 General works 52.67 Information services 52.68 Computer network resources Including the Internet 52.7 Authorship Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Study and Uses of the I Ching in Tokugawa Japan
    Study Ching Tokugawa Uses of and I Japan the in Wai-ming Ng University Singapore National of • Ching $A (Book Changes) The of 1 particular significance has been book of a history. interest and in Asian East Divination philosophy basis its and derived from it on integral of Being civilization. Chinese within parts orbit the Chinese of the cultural were sphere, Japan traditional Ching development indebted for the the 1 of of its to aspects was culture. Japan The arrived in later sixth than the and little studied text in century no was (539-1186). Japan ancient readership expanded major It literate such Zen to groups as high-ranking monks, Buddhist courtiers, and period warriors medieval in the (1186- 1603). Ching scholarship 1 during reached Tokugawa its period the (1603-1868) apex Ching when the became 1 popular of the influential and Chinese This 2 most texts. one preliminary is provide work aims which brief Ching of overview 1 to essay a a scholarship highlighting Tokugawa Japan, in popularity themes: several of the the text, major writings, schools, the scholars, of/Ching and characteristics the and scholarship. 3 Popularity Ching The of the I popularity Ching Tokugawa of the The Japan in acknowledged I has been by a t• •" :i• •b Miyazaki Japanese number scholars. of Michio Tokugawa scholar of a thought, has remarked: "There by [Tokugawa] reached Confucians consensus was a pre-Tokugawa historical of the For overview Wai-ming in Japan, Ng, Ching "The 1 in text a see Japan," Quarterly Ancient (Summer Culture 1996), 26.2 Wai-ming 73-76; Asian and Ng pp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Approaches to Confucian Filial Morality1 Forthcoming in Philosophy Compass
    Recent Approaches to Confucian Filial Morality1 Forthcoming in Philosophy Compass Hagop Sarkissian Department of Philosophy The City University of New York Graduate Center | Baruch College ABSTRACT: A hallmark of Confucian morality is its emphasis on duties to family and kin as weighty features of moral life. The virtue of ‘filiality’ or ‘filial piety’ (xiao 孝), for example, is one of the most important in the Confucian canon. This aspect of Confucianism has been of renewed interest recently. On the one hand, some have claimed that, precisely because it acknowledges the importance of kin duties, Confucianism should be seen as an ethics rooted in human nature that remains a viable system of morality today. On the other hand, some have argued that the extreme emphasis on filial duties is precisely the aspect of Confucian moral philosophy that ought to be jettisoned in favor of greater impartialism; without mitigating its emphasis on filial piety, Confucianism risks irrelevance to modern concerns. In this paper, I will outline the nature of filial morality in the Confucian tradition and discuss these recent contributions to the literature. A hallmark of Confucian morality is its emphasis on duties to family and kin as weighty features of moral life. The virtue of ‘filiality’ or ‘filial piety’ (xiao 孝), for example, is one of the most important in the Confucian canon. This aspect of Confucianism has been of renewed interest recently. On the one hand, some have claimed that, precisely because it acknowledges the importance of kin duties, Confucianism should be seen as an ethics rooted in human nature that remains a viable system of morality today.
    [Show full text]