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Revitalisasi Interior Gedung Loteng Keraton Sumenep Sebagai Sarana

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Revitalisasi Interior Gedung Loteng Keraton Sumenep Sebagai Sarana Prosiding Seminar Nasional Desain dan Arsitektur (SENADA) Vol.2, Februari 2019 REVITALISASI INTERIOR GEDUNG LOTENG KERATON SUMENEP SEBAGAI SARANA WISATA SPA TRADISIONAL MADURA DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0 Anggri Indraprasti ¹), Imam Santosa ²) ¹) Institut Teknologi Bandung [email protected] ²) Institut Teknologi Bandung [email protected] ABSTRACT Indonesia has a long history of its royal kingdoms that once lived and ruled the Nusantara archipelago dated back since the 4th century. Each kingdom delivers their own cultures with high philosophy value and benefit for the civilization, material and nonmaterial. Some of the culture have extinct, some have nourished and sustain, and some are struggling to survive. In the modern era like recently known as the 4.0 Industry Revolution Eras, nearly most of the living aspects have been demanded and being forced by the acceleration of machine, digitally and manually. In other words each aspect of living must perform its “cultures” dynamically and adaptive. Sumenep, a regency located at the east part of Madura island, is the only East Java regent that has a royal remains, the Royal Palace of Sumenep. Inherited from the palace is the tradition of producing and consuming traditional herbs, called the Jamu Madura, as a way of keeping the body healthy and well (beautiful). Along with the 4.0 industry revolution, the Sumenep District Government responded creatively by revitalizing the interior of the Gedung Loteng building to accommodate the practice of producing and consuming the Maduranese traditional herbs (jamu) and transforming it in to a modern spa relaxation facility. This paper studies the aspects of an interior design of a spa facility that is corporated in to the Gedung Loteng building. The Gedung Loteng is integrated with the Royal Palace of Sumenep and is listed as one of the cultural conservation building. Keywords: Keraton Sumenep, Gedung Loteng, revitalization, traditional spa, 4.0 industry revolution ABSTRAK Indonesia memiliki sejarah yang besar tentang kerajaan-kerajaan yang pernah hidup dan memerintah di kepualuan Nusantara sejak awal abad ke 4. Masing- masing kerajaan melahirkan kebudayaan baik benda maupun tak benda yang memiliki nilai falsafah tinggi dan manfaat bagi kehiduan. Beberapa dari kebudayaan tersebut ada yang sudah punah, ada yang masih hidup lestari, ada pula yang terus berjuang untuk dapat bertahan hidup. Di era moderen sekarang ini atau yang disebut dengan era revolusi industri 4.0, hampir semua bidang kehidupan tak lepas dari sistem kecepatan dan percepatan mesin, digital maupun manual. Dengan kata lain semua aspek kehidupan menuntut setiap performa “budaya”nya bergerak cepat dan praktis. Sumenep, sebuah kabupaten di ujung timur pulau Madura, adalah satu-satunya wilayah di Jawa Timur yang masih memiliki peninggalan artifak budaya berupa keraton. Termasuk dalam keraton tersebut adalah budaya menjaga kesehatan dan merawat kecantikan tubuh dengan mengkonsumsi ramuan rempah tradisional yang disebut dengan jamu Madura. Jamu Madura diolah dengan cara tradisional. Seiring berlarinya era revolusi industri 4.0 pihak pengelola keraton tanggap dalam menyikapi tuntutan- tuntutan era tersebut, salah satunya yaitu memperdayakan potensi meramu dan mengkonsumsi jamu tradisonal dan mengemasnya dalam wadah modern yaitu dengan revitalisasi interior Gedung Loteng sebagai sarana wisata Spa Tradisional Madura. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis meninjau tentang aspek-aspek perancangan interior sebuah sarana wisata spa yang terdapat pada Gedung 646 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Desain dan Arsitektur (SENADA) Vol.2, Februari 2019 Loteng, dimana gedung tersebut adalah satu kesatuan bagian dari komplek bangunan Keraton Sumenep, dan termasuk dalam bangunan cagar budaya. Kata kunci: Keraton Sumenep, Gedung Loteng, revitalisasi, spa tradisional, revolusi industri 4.0 EKSISTENSI KERATON DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRY 4.0 Dari catatan sejarah didapatkan bahwa daerah-daerah di nusantara pernah memiliki bentuk pemerintahan berupa kerajaan atau kesultanan. Sebuah kerajaan lazimnya memiliki tempat yang dikenal dengan keraton (Jawa, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Madura, dan lain-lain), atau puri (Bali). Keraton adalah tempat tinggal dan memerintah seorang penguasa (raja atau ratu) dalam sistem kerajaan (Kasali 2018:277). Usia keraton-keraton tersebut mencapai lebih dari 300 tahun. Banyak keraton yang usianya hingga 700 tahun, namun secara fisik sudah rapuh bahkan hancur sama sekali. Banyak pengetahuan tentang sejarah dan kearifan lokal yang dapat dipelajari dari periode berdirinya sebuah keraton untuk kemudian dikembangkan kandungan potensinya agar dapat memberi manfaat. Keraton layak dijadikan destinasi wisata sejarah yang potensial. Desakan dinamika kehidupan modern dan hadirnya generasi baru dengan tuntutan pemenuhan fasilitas yang canggih dari segi teknis maupun performa mengharuskan keraton sebagai obyek destinasi wisata sejarah sekaligus edukasi untuk berbenah agar bisa mengakomodasi berbagai tuntutan perkembangan jaman tersebut. Kecenderungan generasi moderen adalah enggan untuk mengikuti kegaiatan seremoni kebudayaan lama, upacara atau adat lainnya termasuk mengunjungi situs-situs bersejarah seperti kearton sebaliknya lebih berminat pada kegiatan berselancar di dunia maya. Terlebih bila media sosialisasi kurang kuat. Selain itu perkembangan teknologi yang pesat menciptakan dunia tanpa sekat menyebabkan penetrasi budaya asing tidak dapat dihindari. Budaya asing dan budaya pop (kontemporer) yang ringan lebih mudah diminati. Pihak pengelola keraton dan masyarakatnya harus melakukan upaya kreatif agar kegiatan seremoni budaya lokal tetap relevan dengan perkembangan jaman dan dapat hidup berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian akan terjaga eksistensi keraton. Forum Silaturahmi Keraton Nusantara (FSKN) sebagai contoh, telah mengupayakan solusi dengan menghadirkan aplikasi “My Keraton” yang disosialisasikan di Kementrian Pariwisata, Februari 2018 (kompas.com, 22 Februari 2018). Melalui aplikasi ini masyarakat dapat mengetahui dan mempelajari sejarah keraton yang jumlahnya mencapai 250 di seluruh Indonesia. Selain melalui aplikasi, beberapa keraton di Indonesia juga berbenah secara fisik. Sebagai contoh, membuat suasana di keraton lebih nyaman, terutama pada interior keraton dengan dilengkapinya mesin pendingin ruang, penambahan fasilitas coffee shop atau fasilitas spa seperti yang terdapat di salah satu bangunan dalam kompleks Keraton Sumenep, yaitu Gedung Loteng. SEJARAH BERDIRINYA GEDUNG LOTENG PADA KERATON SUMENEP Gedung Loteng merupakan sebuah bangunan yang terletak di depan pendopo, di seberang halaman depan dan sekaligus merupakan pagar depan komplek Keraton Sumenep. Pada awal berdirinya bangunan tersebut, oleh Belanda dimaksudkan untuk keperluan pejabat-pejabat Belanda (VOC) yang menginap di Keraton Sumenep, sekaligus merupakan kantor administrasi VOC. Posisi dimana bangunan tersebut berdiri juga dimaksudkan agar tentara Belanda dapat memantau setiap aktifitas yang dilakukan oleh penghuni keraton dalam hal ini raja/ ratu beserta pengikutnya. Selain itu, posisi bangunan yang segaris dengan pagar halaman depan dan sekala bangunan tersebut yang lebih tinggi dari keraton sengaja dirancang oleh Belanda agar fasad utama bangunan keraton tertutup. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar citra kewibawaan keraton jatuh dan tidak tersekspos (Wiryoprawiro 1986: 73). 647 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Desain dan Arsitektur (SENADA) Vol.2, Februari 2019 Bangunan Gedung Loteng memiliki 2 lantai. Pada bagian atas (lantai 2) memiliki beberapa ruang dengan jendela kaca yang menghadap ke luar dan ke dalam komplek keraton. Pada bagian bawah (lantai 1) ruang-ruanganya menghadap ke depan dengan pintu-pintu yang lebar. Sedangkan untuk ke arah dalam keraton hanya terdapat dua pintu kecil yang masing-masing membuka ke arah barat dan timur dan relatif tersembunyi. Ketinggian lantai pada bangunan ini memiliki perbedaan yang mencolok dengan bangunan-bangunan keraton. Ketinggian lantai bangunan Gedung Loteng sekitar 40 cm dari permukaan tanah. Sementara ketinggian lantai bangunan keraton hanya 10 cm. Hal ini seperti sudah jelas direncanakan oleh pihak Belanda untuk menyampaikan maksud bahwa bagaimanapun Kolonial Belanda adalah tetap penguasa yang mempunyai status yang lebih tinggi dari pada penguasa setempat. Setelah jaman kemerdekaan, bangunan ini berfungsi sebagai bagian dari kantor Pemda Kabupaten Sumenep, yaitu untuk kantor Dinas Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten. Kondisi bangunannya kurang terawat bila dibanding dengan bangunan keraton yang lain. Atas kondisi tersebut Pemda Kabupaten Sumenep merevitalisasi interior bangunan Gedung Loteng dengan mengubah fungsi kedua lantai sebagai Museum Pusaka (lantai 2) dan sarana Spa Tradisional Madura (lantai 1). Adapun fungsi administrasi Dinas Pariwisata, Kebudayaan, Pemuda dan Olahraga Kabupaten Sumenep dipindah ke gedung eks Kantor Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Sumenep. KEARIFAN LOKAL JAMU TRADISIONAL MADURA Pengobatan modern banyak dikenal oleh masyarakat di Indonesia, namun di berbagai masyarakat masih ada yang mengobati penyakit atau menjaga kesehatan dengan cara tradisional, di antaranya dengan mengonsumsi jamu. Bahan baku jamu diperoleh dari alam sekitar. Kearifan lokal tertentu yang terkandung dalam jamu sangat berbeda dari satu wilayah dengan wilayah lain. Madura merupakan daerah di ujung Pulau Jawa yang sebagian masyarakatnya masih mengonsumsi jamu. Menurut hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamu atau obat tradisional yang menggunakan bahan-bahan alami seperti tumbuh-tumbuhan
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