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Polyploidization and Cancer ADVANCES in EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE and BIOLOGY Polyploidization and Cancer ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research JOHN D. LAMBRIS, University of Pennsylvania RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 668 SUPERMEN1 Edited by Katalin Balogh and Attila Patocs Volume 669 NEW FRONTIERS IN RESPIRATORY CONTROL Edited by Ikuo Homma and Hiroshi Onimaru Volume 670 THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF CELL MICROENCAPSULATION Edited by José Luis Pedraz and Gorka Orive Volume 671 FRONTIERS IN BRAIN REPAIR Edited by Rahul Jandial Volume 672 BIOSURFACTANTS Edited by Ramkrishna Sen Volume 673 MODELLING PARASITE TRANSMISSION AND CONTROL Edited by Edwin Michael and Robert C. Spear Volume 674 INTEGRINS AND ION CHANNELS: MOLECULAR COMPLEXES AND SIGNALING Edited by Andrea Becchetti and Annarosa Arcangeli Volume 675 RECENT ADVANCES IN PHOTOTROPHIC PROKARYOTES Edited by Patrick C. Hallenbeck Volume 676 POLYPLOIDIZATION AND CANCER Edited by Randy Y.C. Poon A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. Polyploidization and Cancer Edited by Randy Y.C. Poon, MA, PhD Department of Biochemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Landes Bioscience Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Landes Bioscience Copyright ©2010 Landes Bioscience and Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission [ being entered and executed on a computer system; for exclusive use by the Purchaser of the work. Printed in the USA. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, New York 10013, USA http://www.springer.com Please address all inquiries to the publishers: Landes Bioscience, 1002 West Avenue, Austin, Texas 78701, USA Phone: 512/ 637 6050; FAX: 512/ 637 6079 http://www.landesbioscience.com The chapters in this book are available in the Madame Curie Bioscience Database. http://www.landesbioscience.com/curie Polyploidization and Cancer, edited by Randy Y.C. Poon. Landes Bioscience / Springer Science+Business Media, LLC dual imprint / Springer series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. ISBN: 978-1-4419-6198-3 [ usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord with current recommend ations and practice at the time of publication, they make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to material described in this book. In view of the ongoing research, equipment development, changes in governmental regulations and the rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical sciences, the reader is urged to carefully review and evaluate the information provided herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Polyploidization and cancer / edited by Randy Y.C. Poon. p. ; cm. -- (Advances in experimental medicine and biology ; vol. 676) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4419-6198-3 1. Cancer--Genetic aspects. 2. Polyploidy. I. Poon, Randy Y. C. II. Series: Advances in experimental medicine and biology, v. 676. 0065-2598 ; [DNLM: 1. Neoplasms--genetics. 2. Chromosomal Instability--genetics. 3. Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic--genetics. 4. Polyploidy. W1 AD559 v.676 2010 / QZ 202 P7826 2010] RC268.4.P65 2010 616.99’4042--dc22 2010008083 DEDICATION For my parents v PREFACE Limiting genome replication to once per cell cycle is vital for maintaining genome stability. Although polyploidization is of physiological importance for several specialized cell types, inappropriate polyploidization is believed to promote aneuploidy and transformation. A growing body of evidence indicates that the surveillance mechanisms that prevent polyploidization are frequently perturbed in cancers. Progress in the past several years has unraveled some of the underlying principles that maintain genome stability. This book brings together leaders of the field to overview subjects relating to polyploidization and cancer. The importance of polyploidization in the evolution of cancer is discussed by Merlo, Wang, Pepper, Rabinovitch, and Maley. Proper execution of mitosis is controlled by the spindle-assembly checkpoint and is paramount in preventing mitotic slippage and polyploidization. Ito and Matsumoto discuss our current understanding of this checkpoint. Cytokinesis failure is another important route to polyploidization. A discourse on the mechanisms that lead to cytokinesis failure and their relationship to genome instability is provided by Normand and King. The evidence of a role of DNA damage in polyploidization is also discussed (Chow and Poon). In normal cells, polyploidization is prevented by p53-dependent mechanisms. Salient features of these pathways are described by Talos and Moll. As discussed by Duensing and Duensing, defective mitosis caused by supernumerary centrosomes is increasingly being recognized for their roles in causing polyploidy and cancer. Furthermore, important examples of polyploidization including hematopoietic cells (Nguyen and Ravid) and liver cells (Celton-Morizur and Desdouets) serve to illustrate the pivotal role of polyploidization in cancers and senescence. Last but not least, state-of-the-art methodologies of how ploidy can be measured are detailed by Darzynkiewicz, Halicka, and Zhao. I thank the various authors for their invaluable contribution. Much remains to be learned about the regulation of mitosis, cytokinesis, centrosome duplication, checkpoints, and their relationship to polyploidization and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that these articles will serve as a resource for further progress of this important area of cancer research. Randy Y.C. Poon, MA, PhD Department of Biochemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China vii ABOUT THE EDITOR... RANDY Y.C. POON, MA, PhD is a professor of Biochemistry at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. He was educated at Tonbridge School and received his Master of Arts degree from St. Catharine’s College at the University of Cambridge. He then studied for a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Cambridge and Cancer Research UK with Tim Hunt, FRS. Dr. Poon conducted postdoctoral training at the Salk Institute with Tony Hunter, FRS. Dr. Poon is a member of Editorial Board of numerous international journals, including the Biochemical Journal and Cancer Biology and Therapy. His research interests focus on understanding the molecular basis of cell cycle control in normal and cancer cells. ix PARTICIPANTS Séverine Celton-Morizur Stefan Duensing Institut Cochin Molecular Virology Program Université Paris Descartes Hillman Cancer Center CNRS, UMR 8104 University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute INSERM U567 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Paris USA France H. Dorota Halicka Jeremy P.H. Chow Brander Cancer Research Institute Department of Biochemistry New York Medical College Hong Kong University of Science Valhalla, New York and Technology USA Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong China Daisuke Ito Radiation Biology Center Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Graduate School of Biostudies Brander Cancer Research Institute Kyoto University New York Medical College Kyoto Valhalla, New York Japan USA Randall W. King Chantal Desdouets Department of Cell Biology Institut Cochin Harvard Medical School Université Paris Descartes Boston, Massachusetts CNRS, UMR 8104 USA INSERM U567 Paris Carlo C. Maley France Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program Anette Duensing The Wistar Institute Molecular Virology Program Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Hillman Cancer Center USA University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA xi xii Participants Tomohiro Matsumoto Randy Y.C. Poon Radiation Biology Center Department of Biochemistry Graduate School of Biostudies Hong Kong University of Science Kyoto University and Technology Kyoto Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong Japan China Lauren M.F. Merlo Peter S. Rabinovitch Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Divisions of Human Biology Program and Public Health Sciences The Wistar Institute Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Center USA and Department of Pathology Ute M. Moll University of Washington Department of Pathology Seattle, Washington Health Science Center USA State University of New York at Stony Brook Katya Ravid Stony Brook, New York Department of Biochemistry USA Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and Boston University School of Medicine Department of Molecular Oncology Boston, Massachusetts University of Göttingen USA Göttingen Germany Flaminia Talos Department of Pathology Hao G. Nguyen Health Science Center Department of Biochemistry State University of New York Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute at Stony Brook Boston University School of Medicine Stony Brook, New York Boston, Massachusetts USA USA Li-san Wang Guillaume Normand Department of Pathology HTS Core Facility and Laboratory Medicine Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Institute on Aging Center Penn Center for Bioinformatics New York, New York University of Pennsylvania USA Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USA John W. Pepper Department
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