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Os Nomes Dos Outros: Alteridade E Comunicação Em Roy Wagner

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Os Nomes Dos Outros: Alteridade E Comunicação Em Roy Wagner UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO DEPARTAMENTO DE ANTROPOLOGIA IRACEMA DULLEY Os nomes dos outros: alteridade e comunicação em Roy Wagner (versão corrigida) SÃO PAULO 2012 IRACEMA DULLEY OS NOMES DOS OUTROS: ALTERIDADE E COMUNICAÇÃO EM ROY WAGNER (versão corrigida) Tese apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo para obtenção do título de doutora em antropologia social. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Paula Montero De acordo: São Paulo 2012 para Barbara e Ariel Agradecimentos Agradeço a minha orientadora, Paula Montero, por muitas coisas: as leituras atentas e formadoras, a sabedoria, a disponibilidade, o rigor, a confiança, a inteligência. E por ter me acompanhado, instigado e apoiado durante minha formação como antropóloga. É difícil pôr em palavras o tamanho dessa dívida. À Fapesp e seu parecerista, respectivamente, pela bolsa de pesquisa e pela generosidade na leitura de meus relatórios. Aos professores, funcionários e colegas do Departamento de Antropologia da USP, especialmente a Márcio Silva e Rainer Schmidt, que foram meus professores, por todos os ensinamentos. Aos editores da Cadernos de Campo, pelo aprendizado conjunto e pela parceria, especialmente a André Schouten, Giovanni Cirino, Diana Mateus, Enrico Spaggiari, Inácio Andrade, Janaína Damasceno, Rodrigo Lobo e Samantha Gaspar. A Rosalind Morris agradeço por ter me recebido em Nova York e participado com perspicácia e leveza de um momento importante de descobertas. Bambi Schieffelin foi muito amável e me apresentou um pouco de Melanésia. Agradeço aos amigos e colegas dos tempos de sanduíche, especialmente Ellen Hunt, Firat Kurt, Elena Petkova, Isabela Oliveira e Aarti Sethi. Agradeço a Aarti também pelo apoio e companheirismo dos últimos tempos. Roy Wagner foi extremamente generoso e surpreendente. A Suely Kofes e Renato Sztutman agradeço a leitura atenta e generosa de meus textos e a participação em minha banca de qualificação. Suely Kofes acompanhou meu doutorado com inteligência e amizade. Florência Ferrari, Renato Sztutman, Stelio Marras, Luísa Valentini e Jamille Pinheiro foram parceiros de diálogo inestimáveis em nossas Wagnerianas e para além delas. Agradeço a meu orientador de mestrado, Omar Thomaz, e a meus professores da Unicamp pelo diálogo e envolvimento que marcaram um momento que trago comigo. Sou grata, ainda, a meus colegas de turma, com quem dividi muita coisa. Guita Debert ajudou-nos a concretizar essa parceria em forma de livro. John Monteiro, Ronaldo Almeida e Heloísa Pontes foram interlocutores importantes também durante o doutorado. Aos colegas do grupo de estudos conduzido por minha orientadora agradeço pelo diálogo, especialmente a Aramis Silva, Eva Scheliga, Henrique Antunes, Jacqueline Teixeira, Leonardo Antonio e Melvina Araújo. A Jacque agradeço a ajuda inestimável em diversos momentos. Agradeço também aos integrantes do grupo “Mediação e alteridade”, em especial a Alessandra Guerra e João Bort. A troca e o diálogo que tenho com alguns amigos e colegas foi fundamental para dar forma a esta tese. Agradeço pela parceria e amizade de Ariel Rolim, Barbara Arisi, Bruna Bumachar, Bruno Sotto Mayor, Christiano Tambascia, Derek Newberry, Eva Scheliga, Fabiola Corbucci, Florência Ferrari, Giovanni Cirino, Isabela Oliveira, Jamille Pinheiro, Justin Shaffner, Luísa Valentini, Luiz Henrique Passador, Marta Jardim, Marcelo Mello, Mirjam Strasser, Olivia Janequine, Raquel Gomes e Thaícia Stona. A Ariel Rolim, Bruna Bumachar, Eva Scheliga, Fabiola Corbucci, Jamille Pinheiro e Marta Jardim agradeço especialmente pela leitura e comentário de vários trechos desta tese. Sou extremamente grata a Marcelo Mello por ter lido e comentado praticamente todo o texto em momentos decisivos. Marília Carneiro contribuiu imensamente para a tessitura do texto que se segue apresentando-me ao tear que materializa os devaneios e ensina, com cores, a comparar os tecidos. Meus professores Jürgen Kohring e Marina de Mello e Souza colocaram- me, cada um a seu modo, na trilha das ideias que aqui desenvolvo. Gabriela Bagattini e Ricardo Zambelli mantiveram-me no prumo com competência e bom humor. Agradeço a amizade de Helenice, Carlos e Silvia Corbucci; Lilian Dluhosch; Karen Silva; Leandro Dário e Guilherme Maciel; Rita Batista; Augusto Postigo; Eric Schambach, Joana Lins e Clarice Freitas; Larissa e Helena Rybka; Brisa Vieira, Rosa e Guga Cacilhas; Márcia Puntel e família; Isabel, Manuh e Moisés Graciano; Luciana Uts, Sofia, Cecília e Roberto Galdino; Danilo, Predo e Ulrike Tiemann-Arsenic; Maila Goellner e Hilde; Magda Silva; Carolina Parreiras; Cauê Krüger; Paulo Müller; Milena Kipfmüller; Hans Dechandt; José Maurício Arruti; Michelle Sternberg; Maurício Fiore; Barbara Weiss; Eugênia Chilombo; Eva Türk, Hanne Lore, Karin Spiske e Annette Bartels; Manfred Von Roncador; Anne-Kristin Borszik, Miriam e Paulo Inglês; Clarissa e Freya Vierke; Grabielle Astier; Deborah Sellera; Ana Paula Brant. A meu pai, Frederico Dulley, agradeço pelo conforto. A Paul Dulley, meu irmão e amigo, pela cumplicidade de todas as horas. Auro Pontedeiro, Elizabeth Dulley, Eunice Braga Dulley, Larissa Dulley e Regina Hilário me ofereceram amizade e compreensão. Finalmente, agradeço a minha família, Barbara Dulley e Ariel Rolim, por muitas coisas, entre as quais o diálogo, a constância, a compreensão, a sabedoria, o amor e a amizade. Actually, NAMES are the real problem. (Wagner, Coyote Anthropology) If the border is, in diverse ways, the place of danger and fear par excellence, it is equally clear today that the contemporary world is anything but a world without borders. (Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, “Immanence and Fear”) Me deram um nome e me alienaram de mim. (Clarice Lispector, Um sopro de vida) RESUMO A obra de Roy Wagner trata de um problema candente para a antropologia: a relação com a diferença. A partir do regime de leitura desenvolvido por Jacques Derrida, pretendo seguir os movimentos do texto de Wagner com o objetivo de compreender sua proposta de antropologia e articulá-la ao universo epistemológico mais amplo da disciplina. O texto wagneriano será, assim, articulado ao texto-contexto da antropologia, considerado como um conjunto de linhas de força em tensão e distensão. Na análise da obra de Wagner será privilegiada a relação entre proposta teórica e análise empírica por ser este um aspecto central para a antropologia e também um ponto de ruptura frequente nos textos da disciplina. De modo a estabelecer a mediação entre esses dois níveis, relacionarei em um primeiro momento a ideia de diálogo, no plano de interação em campo, ao conceito de dialética, no plano teórico. Em seguida, acompanharei o movimento de desconstrução e reposição conceitual realizado pelo autor para os conceitos de grupo e cultura com o objetivo de pensar o estatuto da nomeação em seus textos e relacioná-lo à concepção da diferença como alteridade em antropologia. Palavras-chave: Roy Wagner, Jacques Derrida, alteridade, comunicação nomeação ABSTRACT The work of Roy Wagner deals with a core issue in anthropology, that of the relation to difference. Based on the regime of reading developed by Jacques Derrida, I intend to follow the moves of Wagner’s text with the purpose of understanding his proposal for anthropology and articulating it to the discipline’s broader epistemological universe. Wagner’s text will thus be articulated to the text-context of anthropology, considered as a set of lines of strength in tension and distension. In the analysis of Wagner’s work, the relationship between theoretical stance and empirical analysis will be privileged because this is a central aspect to anthropology and frequently the point at which the discipline’s texts break. In order to mediate between these two levels, I will first relate the idea of dialogue at the level of field interaction to the concept of dialectic at the theoretical level. I will then follow the movement of conceptual deconstruction and reestablishment carried out by the author for the concepts of group and culture with the purpose of considering the status of nomination in his texts and relating it to anthropology’s conception of difference as alterity. Key-words: Roy Wagner, Jacques Derrida, alterity, communication, nomination Lista de abreviaturas das obras AS – An Anthropology of the Subject ATSG – “Are There Social Groups in the New Guinea Highlands?” CA – Coyote Anthropology FP – “The Fractal Person” LS – Lethal Speech COI – “Scientific and Indigenous Papuan Conceptualizations of the Innate: a Semiotic Critique of the Ecological Perspective” STSFT – Symbols That Stand for Themselves TCS – The Curse of Souw TIC – The Invention of Culture Sumário 1. Introdução: a trajetória da pesquisa ......................................................... 14 1.1 Sobre ventos e chapéus.......................................................................... 14 1.2 A tese ...................................................................................................... 25 2. Desconstrução e alteridade: pontos de ruptura ...................................... 29 2.1 Notas sobre Wagner e o gesto êmico ..................................................... 29 2.2 Sobre a desconstrução como regime de leitura ...................................... 34 2.3 A metafísica da presença, a différance e o pharmakon .......................... 39 2.4 Derrida e a antropologia: a lição de escrita ............................................. 45 3. A invenção da cultura como relação: o paradoxo da dialética entre cultura e comunicação..................................................................................
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