Africa Policy Journal

Spring 2021 A Harvard Kennedy School Student Publication Harvard Kennedy A Africa Policy Journal Africa Policy Africa Policy Journal A Harvard Kennedy School Student Publication Spring 2021 The Africa Policy Journal The Africa Policy Journal (APJ) is a John F. Kennedy School of Government student-run publication dedicated to promoting dialog about African policy and current affairs in governance, law, education, business, health, design, and culture. Through its annual print publication and online presence, the APJ acts as a hub for timely debate, opinion, research, and analysis into the most significant opportunities and challenges facing African nations and peoples today. As the only student journal in America dedicated exclusively to African policy issues, APJ seeks to publish thought-provoking content that provides fresh insight into the most significant opportunities and challenges facing African nations and peoples today. Interested contributors can contact the journal by email at [email protected]. Follow the Africa Policy Journal on social media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HarvardAPJ Acknowledgments Twitter: @HKS_APJ Instagram: @hks_africapolicyjournal We would like to thank Martha Foley, the assistant director of Student Services at the John F. Kennedy School of Government (HKS), who provided immeasurable support in the production of this year’s publication. All views expressed in the Africa Policy Journal are those of the authors or interviewees only and do not repre- We would also like to thank the Harvard University Center for African Studies (CAS) for their financial support sent the views of Harvard University, the John F. Kennedy School of Government, the staff of the Africa Policy in the development of our interview series and strengthening our digital presence as we adjusted to this new Journal, the Faculty Advisory Board of the Africa Policy Journal, or any associates of the journal. virtual environment. Cover art by Rabin Eli Musili. We would like to thank our copy editor, Tracy Campbell, and our layout designer, Cerise Steel, for their work in Cover and interior design by Cerise Steel. ensuring the final product lived up to the standard of excellence of all HKS student journals. Last but not least, we want to thank all of our contributors who have turned their passion and research on © 2021 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise specified, no Africa-related topics into well-formed and well-articulated academic articles and opinion pieces. We are proud to article or portion herein is to be reproduced or adapted to other works without the expressed written consent of share their work in this year’s publication. the editors of the Africa Policy Journal. The Africa Policy Journal The Africa Policy Journal (APJ) is a John F. Kennedy School of Government student-run publication dedicated to promoting dialog about African policy and current affairs in governance, law, education, business, health, design, and culture. Through its annual print publication and online presence, the APJ acts as a hub for timely debate, opinion, research, and analysis into the most significant opportunities and challenges facing African nations and peoples today. As the only student journal in America dedicated exclusively to African policy issues, APJ seeks to publish thought-provoking content that provides fresh insight into the most significant opportunities and challenges facing African nations and peoples today. Interested contributors can contact the journal by email at [email protected]. Follow the Africa Policy Journal on social media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/HarvardAPJ Acknowledgments Twitter: @HKS_APJ Instagram: @hks_africapolicyjournal We would like to thank Martha Foley, the assistant director of Student Services at the John F. Kennedy School of Government (HKS), who provided immeasurable support in the production of this year’s publication. All views expressed in the Africa Policy Journal are those of the authors or interviewees only and do not repre- We would also like to thank the Harvard University Center for African Studies (CAS) for their financial support sent the views of Harvard University, the John F. Kennedy School of Government, the staff of the Africa Policy in the development of our interview series and strengthening our digital presence as we adjusted to this new Journal, the Faculty Advisory Board of the Africa Policy Journal, or any associates of the journal. virtual environment. Cover art by Rabin Eli Musili. We would like to thank our copy editor, Tracy Campbell, and our layout designer, Cerise Steel, for their work in Cover and interior design by Cerise Steel. ensuring the final product lived up to the standard of excellence of all HKS student journals. Last but not least, we want to thank all of our contributors who have turned their passion and research on © 2021 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise specified, no Africa-related topics into well-formed and well-articulated academic articles and opinion pieces. We are proud to article or portion herein is to be reproduced or adapted to other works without the expressed written consent of share their work in this year’s publication. the editors of the Africa Policy Journal. Africa Policy Journal A Student Publication of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University Spring 2021 1 Staff Danielle Callaway Njama of the Executive Education Programme in Innovation is the Editor-in-Chief of the and Entrepreneurship: Policy Considerations, HKS, Africa Policy Journal and and the Silicon Valley Executive Education Programme an MPA candidate at the in Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Haas School of John F. Kennedy School of Business, University of California, Berkeley. His research Government at Harvard has been published in leading journals such as Global University (HKS). She holds a bachelor of arts degree Media and Communication, African Journalism Studies, from Williams College, where she majored in psychology Journal of African Media Studies, and the Journal of Arab and Africana studies. She is a former Fulbright Research and Muslim Media Research. He has published several Fellow in Tanzania, where she conducted research on book chapters on online journalism, corruption and the mental health stigma and its policy implications. Danielle media, critical discourse analysis, and representation of has over ten years of experience facilitating foreign direct Muslims in the media. investment in East Africa. She founded and ran the strat- Brice Ngameni is the Senior egy and management consulting firm, Africa Access, based Interview Editor for the in Nairobi. Prior to Africa Access, Danielle worked with Africa Policy Journal. Brice Deloitte and supported the implementation of President is a Cameroonian citizen who Obama’s Power Africa Initiative in Kenya, Tanzania, immigrated to the United Ethiopia, Ghana, and Liberia. She has led private sector States to further his studies. projects in real estate, technology, tourism, health, and He graduated from American University in 2012 with a brand franchising. She is a dynamic leader, entrepreneur- bachelor of science in business administration. He then ial minded, and passionate about building economic and went to work for Citigroup for a total of six years, during social bridges between African diaspora communities and which he rose to the position of assistant-vice president the African continent. within Citi’s Export and Agency Finance division. In that Muhammad Jameel Yusha’u, capacity, Brice helped several African governments and Managing Editor, is an corporate clients of Citigroup raise funding for important incoming MPA candidate at infrastructure or capital expenditure programs. Brice is HKS. He works as a lead exec- passionate about the development of energy infrastruc- utive coordinator (resource ture in Africa and its nexus with sustained and inclusive mobilization and private economic growth across the continent. In his spare time, sector), at the Jeddah-based Multilateral Development Brice enjoys watching soccer, reading classic African Bank, the IsDB Group. He is a development expert, the novels, and playing basketball. Brice also enjoys mento- author of Regional Parallelism and Corruption Scandals ring teenagers from disfavored economic backgrounds. in Nigeria (2018), and co-editor of The Palgrave Handbook He served as a mentor for Catholic Big Sisters and Big of International Communication and Sustainable Brothers. Development (2021). He was a senior lecturer in media and Bulelani Jili is a Senior politics at Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Publication Editor and PhD UK; a former producer at the BBC World Service, London; student with AAAS and associate lecturer in global journalism at the University Government department. His of Sheffield; British correspondent of Deutsche Welle research interests include (Hausa Service); as well as a lecturer in mass communi- Africa-China relations, ICT cation at Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. He holds a PhD development, African political economy, internet policy, in journalism studies and an MA in political communica- and privacy law. He is currently conducting research with tion from the University of Sheffield, UK, and MBA from the Globalization, Lawyers, and Emerging Economies proj- IE Business School, Madrid, Spain. Jameel is an alumnus ect at Harvard Law School. His recent paper,

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