DOCSLIB.ORG

XII (L): L0l - Ll8 Kiel, Juni 1992

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
XII (L): L0l - Ll8 Kiel, Juni 1992 AMAZONIANA XII (l): l0l - ll8 Kiel, Juni 1992 Food taboos and folk medicine among fishermen from the Tocantins River (Brazil) by Alpina Begossi- and Francisco Manoel de Souza Braga Dr. Alpina Begossi, Departamento de Ecologia, IB, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, C.P. 68020, 21941Rio de Janeiro, RI, Brazil. Prof. Dr. Francisco Manoel de Souza Braga, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Estadual Paulisø, C.P. 179, 13.500 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil. (Accepted for publicatian: August, 1990). Abstract Fish utilization for food and folk medicine, and fish preference of families from the Tocantins river were studied. Questionnaires werc used in the 234 interviews performed in cities, towns and scatteres houses located along 100 km of river stretch. Curimatí (Prochilodtu nigricans) is the most consumed fish and pacu-manteiga (Mylossorna duriventre) ¡he most preferred species. The fish species avoided are correlated with the species used in folk medicine (r, = 0,54, p < 0.02). Food t¡boos, orfish species not consumed during illness, are also cited. The usefulness of fish species for folk medicine and the piscivorous habits of most fish quoted as not consumed partially explain the food choices of fishermen. These explanations conform to materialist theories in cultural ecology. Keywords: DIeÇ food teboog ñshlng communitleq Brezll, Rlo Toc¡ntins. Introduction Food preferences and avoidances have been a subject of many studies in Anthro- pology and Human Ecology. MESSER (1984) reviewed some of these studies and factors involved in the fmd choice of human populations. The avoidances of some food by people are considered to be based on ideological criteria (SAHLINS 1976) or on materialist reasons (HARRIS L977,1985). The ideologi- cal view considers that cultural patterns are arbitrary and derive from the human mind (ROSS 1987). Thus, we need to understand the internal logic of culturally specific symbol systems (BASSO 1978). The materialist point of view considers tho costs and ' Present address: NEPAÌví/IJMCAMP, C. P. I170, BR-13081 Campias, SP, Brazil. ISSN 0065675511992t1011 @ MPI fü¡ Limnologie, AG Tropenökologie, Plön; INPA, Manaus 101 benefits involved in any decision making process, including food choices. For example, HARRIS (1985), based mainly on ecological and economical principles, explained why cor¡/s are avoided as food in India, why dogs are usually not eaten by Westerners and why insects are eaten and considered very østy by a variety of other human populations. A R,A As summarized by HARRIS (1987), food habits are explained by the idealist approach " /,/ as consequence of culture and by the materialist criæria by environmental, demographic, technological and political-economic factors. Food avoidances, or food taboos, have also been interpreted as a way of minimizing fhe overexploitation of certain animals G.OSS I MPERÂÎâ I Z r978). STATE This study focuses on fish preferences and avoidances of fisherman families on the 4æ V¡Rar.¡¡]ÃO Tocantins river, in Brazil. Our aim is to analyze fish utilization and understand why STATE some available fish are eaten where¿¡s others are rejected as food. In this study we use the terms "fish avoided" for species of fish which are usually not consumed and "fish a L^JË^OO taboos" for species of fish not consumed during illness. TOCANTIN9 Methodology STATE The study sites include cities, small towns and riverine settlements loc¡ted in the banks of the Tocantins river, between the cities of Imperatriz and Estreito. The extension of the area is abor¡t 100 km and it is located in the States of Mara¡rhão and Tocantins. Fieldwork included mainly interviews with fishermen and their wives, and was performed in altemate months from October 1987 to June 1988. The cities and towns studied at the Tocantins river are shown in figure l Imperatri", Porto Franco, Tocantinópolis and Estreito are considered. as "cities" and ltaguatins, Descarreto and lajeato.as "towns". Fig. 1: Riverine fishermen were sampled in both sides of the river. Map including the cities and towns studied. 1. Interviews lnterviews were based on questiørnaires. A preliminary questionnaire was prepared before going into the 2. Fish identification field and tested in the first visit. The, secqrd questionnaire focused on, among others, fish food øboos a¡rd fish Prof. J. C. CARAVELLO (Universidade Federal de São Carlos) collected and identified fish specimens, medicinal uses. Inten¡iews were performed panianlarly with fishermen. Wives were asked about rheir literacy, and checked many of them with fishermen. Prof. M. PETRERE Jr., from the Universidade Esødual Paulista, number of children and age. They also participated in questians about diet, food taboos and medicinal animals. contributed useful information. A list of common and scientific names of fish are in BEGOSSI & Wqnen were found to react more cørfortably than men in answering about food taboos as well as in quoting GARAVELLO (r990). medicinal animals. This probably occurs because women take care of children and prepare folk medicine at home. In the case of a fisherman's absence, the questionnaire was applied to his wife. The family was the unit 3. Fish feeding habits of study. Fish feeding habits werc observed through the analysis of stomach contents and through the literature. The "Colônias de pescadores" (fishermen's associatiurs) of Imperatriz and Estreito helped in estimating Unfortunately, there are cønparatively few studies on feeding habits of Br¿zilian fresh water fish. This kind the number of fishermen from each city and in locaring their residences. The affilation files were also of information for specific species was taken from BRITSKI (1972), NOMURA (1975), NOMURA et al. consulted, Three kinds of sampling methods were carried out, deper,ding upon the size of the settlements: (1981), NOMURA & NEMOTO (1983), NOMURA & TAVEIRA (1979), NOMURA et al. (1983), CATELLA a) cities - fisherman hor.¡ses were located after informal interviews with fishermen at the main harbor and & TORRES (1984), MOURÃO & TORRES (1984) and GOULDING & FERREIRA (1984). Trre dier of a after consulting the affiliation files of the "Colônias". Fishermen were found to live clustered in specific group of species of specific regiors were found in intemal reports, such as INPA/ÏLETRONORTE (1980/83), localities, usually close to the river. Interviews were undertaken in fishermen's homes orat the main harbor. IAIPU-BINACIONAL (1987) and ELETRONORTE/THEMAG (1987/89). Descripions of trophic interactiørs b) towns - these are small settlements, with fifteen thousands inhabiønts or less. Children and other among fishes and other organisms in the Amazon area were found in LOWE-McCONNEL (1975) and memþn of fisherman families helped in the location of residences. GOULDING (1980). General food habits of fresh water Brazilian fish and folk habits and beliefs are in c) riverine settlements - These include houses scattered along the banks of the Tocantins river. \ile used SANTOS (1962). motor boats of 25 and 45 HP. Houses werc sited f¡qn the boat and famfies from the first three consecutive houses interviewed; the next was skipped. By. this method, we tried to sample 75 lo of the fisherman families living along the river banks. Farmers werc not included, uriless they mentioned any kind of subsistence fishing. r02 103 Results Tab. 1: lnterviews with fisherman families performed in the area of study; 'localities in the surroundings of Imperatriz: fishermen in this 1. Study site description and interviews category were interviewed in the market "O Povo Merece", during Imperatriz is the largest city snrdied (Table 1). Afær the construction of the fish landings; " source: IBGE @razilian Institute of Geography and Belém-Brasilia and São Luis-Imperatriz highways, migrants from many Brazilian states Suristics)(1987); "' rough estimarion of rhe number of fishermen came to Imperatriz (AROSO & LIMA 1984). Migration was suong during 1960-70, and (urban areas) from the Colônias de pescadores (fishermen's associa- contributed to the growth and commercial development of Imperatriz (KATZMAN trøs) Z-29 (Itnpe¡uriz) md Z-35 @streito). 1975). Fishermen of Imperatriz are locaæd in the vicinities of the market "O Povo Merece" (where hsh is sold to buyers). Most streets near fisherman houses are unpaved and houses are made of wood or are huts with mud walls. l,ocality Numbcr o? Tot¡l Number of Descarreto is found at the periphery of ltaguatins. It consists mainly of an uncovered Intervlews Populrtlon" Flshermen (thousends) main street, where huts made of stra'rvs or mud are found as well as a small church. Dry c') leaf palms are collecæd from the babaçú palm (Orbignya martiana) which is a very common palm tree in this region. It is used for roofs and walls. Imperatriz 52 235 Lajeado is near Lajeado a small town found the Belém-Brasilia highway and the Descarreto t7 15 T river. Porto Franco and Tocantinópolis are located at the Tocantins river banks, in Itaguatins 19 opposite sides. A ferry boat connects these cities. As in the other settlements, fisherman Lajeado l4 2 houses are found near the river banks, living in uncovered streets and in houses made Porto Franco 6 27 10 of straw or mud. Tocantinópolis 23 3t 40 The number of interviews are found in Table l. About 60 Vo of interviewed people Estreio 26 18 1 of both sexes are illiterate (including functional illiteraæs). Vy'omen have in average 4 Riverine 57 to 5 child¡en. Commercial fishermen are found mainly at Imperatriz, Porto Franco, Other' 20 Tocantinópolis and Esreito. In towns, such as Itaguatins, Descarreúo and lajeado, we Total found both commercial and part-time fishermen-peasants (or subsistence fishermen). 234 Riverine fishermen are usually fishermen-peasants. These categories tend ¡o use different fishing technologies. Commercial hshermen use motor boats and a variety of nets. Sub- sistence fishermen use paddled canoes, small nets and hook and line techniques Figure 4 shows the fish prefened as food by hshermen families.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Icthyofauna from Streams of Barro Alto and Niquelândia, Upper Tocantins River Basin, Goiás State, Brazil
    Icthyofauna from streams of Barro Alto and Niquelândia, upper Tocantins River Basin, Goiás State, Brazil THIAGO B VIEIRA¹*, LUCIANO C LAJOVICK², CAIO STUART3 & ROGÉRIO P BASTOS4 ¹ Laboratório de Ictiologia de Altamira, Universidade Federal do Para – LIA UFPA e Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação – PPGBC, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Altamira. Rua Coronel José Porfírio 2515, São Sebastião, Altamira, PA. CEP 68372-040, Brasil; [email protected] ² Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, UFG, Caixa postal 131, Goiânia, GO, Brasil, CEP 74001-970. [email protected] 3 Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais e Ações IPAAC Rua 34 qd a24 Lt 21a Jardim Goiás Goiânia - Goiás CEP 74805-370. [email protected] 4 Laboratório de Herpetologia e Comportamento Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, ICB, UFG, Caixa postal 131, Goiânia, GO, Brasil, CEP 74001-970. [email protected] *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: In face of the accelerated degradation of streams located within the Brazilian Cerrado, the knowledge of distribution patterns is very important to aid conservation strategies. The aim of this work is to increase the knowledge of the stream’s fish fauna in the State of Goiás, Brazil. 12 streams from the municipalities of Barro Alto and Niquelândia were sampled with trawl nets. During this study, 1247 fishes belonging to 27 species, 11 families, and three orders were collected. Characiformes comprised 1164 specimens of the sampled fishes, the most abundant order, while Perciformes was the less abundant order, with 17 collected specimens. Perciformes fishes were registered only in streams from Niquelândia. Astyanax elachylepis, Bryconops alburnoides and Astyanax aff.
    [Show full text]
  • Tocantins, Brazil
    Tocantins, Brazil Jurisdictional indicators brief State area: 277,721 km² (3.26% of Brazil) Original forest area: 39,853 km² Current forest area (2019): 9,964 km² (3.6% of Tocantins) Yearly deforestation (2019) 23 km² Yearly deforestation rate (2019) 0.23% Interannual deforestation change -8% (2018-2019) Accumulated deforestation (2001-2019): 1,800 km² Protected conservation areas: 38,548 km² (13.9% of Tocantins) Carbon stocks (2015): 62 millions tons (above ground biomass) Representative crops (2018): Sugarcane (3,106,492 tons); Soybean (2,667,936 tons); Rice (659,809 tons) Value of agricultural production (2016): $1,152,935,462 USD More on jurisdictional sustainability State of jurisdictional sustainability Index: Forest and people | Deforestation | Burned area | Emissions from deforestation | Livestock | Agriculture | Aquaculture Forest and people In 2019, the estimated area of tropical forest in the state of Tocantins was 9,964 km2, equivalent to 3.6% of the state’s total area, and to 0.3% of the tropical forest remaining in the nine states of the Brazilian legal Amazon. The total accumulated forest lost during the period 2001-2019 was 1,800 km2, equivalent to 16.1% of the forest area remaining in 2001. Tocantins concentrated about 0.2% of the carbon reserves stored in the biomass of the Brazilian tropical forest (about 62 mt C as of 2019). a b 100% 3.6% of the state is covered with forest DRAFT80% 60% 0.3% of Brazilian tropical forest area 40% 20% 0.2% of Brazilian tropical forest carbon stock 3.6% 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2001 2019 No forest (%) Deforestation (%) Forest (%) Figure 1: a) forest share and b) transition of forest to deforestation over the last years There were 1.6 million people living in Tocantins as of 2020, distributed in 19 municipalities, with 0.3 million people living in the capital city of Palmas.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Distancing Measures in the Fight Against COVID-19 in Brazil
    ARTIGO ARTICLE Medidas de distanciamento social para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 no Brasil: caracterização e análise epidemiológica por estado Social distancing measures in the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil: description and epidemiological analysis by state Lara Lívia Santos da Silva 1 Alex Felipe Rodrigues Lima 2 Medidas de distanciamiento social para el Démerson André Polli 3 Paulo Fellipe Silvério Razia 1 combate a la COVID-19 en Brasil: caracterización Luis Felipe Alvim Pavão 4 y análisis epidemiológico por estado Marco Antônio Freitas de Hollanda Cavalcanti 5 Cristiana Maria Toscano 1 doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00185020 Resumo Correspondência L. L. S. Silva Universidade Federal de Goiás. Medidas de distanciamento social vêm sendo amplamente adotadas para mi- Rua 235 s/n, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia, GO tigar a pandemia da COVID-19. No entanto, pouco se sabe quanto ao seu 74605-050, Brasil. impacto no momento da implementação, abrangência e duração da vigência [email protected] das medidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar as medidas de distan- 1 ciamento social implementadas pelas Unidades da Federação (UF) brasileiras, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil. 2 Instituto Mauro Borges de Estatística e Estudos incluindo o tipo de medida e o momento de sua adoção. Trata-se de um estudo Socioeconômicos, Goiânia, Brasil. descritivo com caracterização do tipo, momento cronológico e epidemiológico 3 Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil. da implementação e abrangência das medidas. O levantamento das medidas 4 Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional, Brasília, Brasil. foi realizado por meio de buscas em sites oficiais das Secretarias de Governo 5 Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
    [Show full text]
  • Typhlobelus Macromycterus ERSS
    Typhlobelus macromycterus (a catfish, no common name) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, December 2016 Revised, December 2018 Web Version, 8/30/2019 1 Native Range, and Status in the United States Native Range From Froese and Pauly (2018): “South America: Tocantins River near Tucuruí, Pará, Brazil.” Status in the United States Typhlobelus macromycterus has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. No information was found on trade of T. macromycterus in the United States. Means of Introductions in the United States This species has not been reported as introduced or established in the United States. Remarks From Schaefer et al. (2005): “Costa and Bockmann [1994] based their description of Typhlobelus macromycterus on a single specimen from the Rio Tocantins of Brazil” 2 Biology and Ecology Taxonomic Hierarchy and Taxonomic Standing From Eschmeyer et al. (2018): “Current status: Valid as Typhlobelus macromycterus Costa & Bockmann 1994.” From ITIS (2018): “Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Osteichthyes Class Actinopterygii Subclass Neopterygii Infraclass Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Siluriformes Family Trichomycteridae Subfamily Glanapteryginae Genus Typhlobelus Species Typhlobelus macromycterus Costa and Bockmann, 1994” Size, Weight, and Age Range From Froese and Pauly (2018): “Max length : 2.2 cm SL male/unsexed [de Pínna and Wosiacki, 2003]” Environment From Froese
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Alive: a Decade of Discoveries 1999-2009
    Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known.
    [Show full text]
  • DNA Barcode) De Espécies De Bagres (Ordem Siluriformes) De Valor Comercial Da Amazônia Brasileira
    UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO AMAZONAS ESCOLA DE CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOTECNOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS DA AMAZÔNIA ELIZANGELA TAVARES BATISTA Código de barras de DNA (DNA Barcode) de espécies de bagres (Ordem Siluriformes) de valor comercial da Amazônia brasileira MANAUS 2017 ELIZANGELA TAVARES BATISTA Código de barras de DNA (DNA Barcode) de espécies de bagres (Ordem Siluriformes) de valor comercial da Amazônia Brasileira Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de mestre em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais Orientador: Prof Dra. Jacqueline da Silva Batista MANAUS 2017 ELIZANGELA TAVARES BATISTA Código de barras de DNA (DNA Barcode) de espécies de bagres (Ordem Siluriformes) de valor comercial da Amazônia Brasileira Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de mestre em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais Data da aprovação ___/____/____ Banca Examinadora: _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ MANAUS 2017 Dedicatória. À minha família, especialmente ao meu filho Miguel. Nada é tão nosso como os nossos sonhos. Friedrich Nietzsche AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus, por me abençoar e permitir que tudo isso fosse possível. À Dra. Jacqueline da Silva Batista pela orientação, ensinamentos e pela paciência nesses dois anos. À CAPES pelo auxílio financeiro. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia MBT/UEA. À Coordenação do Curso de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Recursos Naturais da Amazônia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of the Cerrado's Water
    THE RELEVANCE OF THE CERRADO’S WATER RESOURCES TO THE BRAZILIAN DEVELOPMENT Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck Lima1; Euzebio Medrado da Silva1; Eduardo Cyrino Oliveira-Filho1; Eder de Souza Martins1; Adriana Reatto1; Vinicius Bof Bufon1 1 Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, km 18, Planaltina, Federal District, Brazil, 70670-305. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) is the second largest Brazilian biome (204 million hectares) and due to its location in the Brazilian Central Plateau it plays an important role in terms of water production and distribution throughout the country. Eight of the twelve Brazilian hydrographic regions receive water from this Biome. It contributes to more than 90% of the discharge of the São Francisco River, 50% of the Paraná River, and 70% of the Tocantins River. Therefore, the Cerrado is a strategic region for the national hydropower sector, being responsible for more than 50% of the Brazilian hydroelectricity production. Furthermore, it has an outstanding relevance in the national agricultural scenery. Despite of the relatively abundance of water in most of the region, water conflicts are beginning to arise in some areas. The objective of this paper is to discuss the economical and ecological relevance of the water resources of the Cerrado. Key-words: Brazilian savanna; water management; water conflicts. INTRODUCTION The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome in extension, with about 204 million hectares, occupying 24% of the national territory approximately. Its largest portion is located within the Brazilian Central Plateau which consists of higher altitude areas in the central part of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Amazon Alive!
    Amazon Alive! A decade of discovery 1999-2009 The Amazon is the planet’s largest rainforest and river basin. It supports countless thousands of species, as well as 30 million people. © Brent Stirton / Getty Images / WWF-UK © Brent Stirton / Getty Images The Amazon is the largest rainforest on Earth. It’s famed for its unrivalled biological diversity, with wildlife that includes jaguars, river dolphins, manatees, giant otters, capybaras, harpy eagles, anacondas and piranhas. The many unique habitats in this globally significant region conceal a wealth of hidden species, which scientists continue to discover at an incredible rate. Between 1999 and 2009, at least 1,200 new species of plants and vertebrates have been discovered in the Amazon biome (see page 6 for a map showing the extent of the region that this spans). The new species include 637 plants, 257 fish, 216 amphibians, 55 reptiles, 16 birds and 39 mammals. In addition, thousands of new invertebrate species have been uncovered. Owing to the sheer number of the latter, these are not covered in detail by this report. This report has tried to be comprehensive in its listing of new plants and vertebrates described from the Amazon biome in the last decade. But for the largest groups of life on Earth, such as invertebrates, such lists do not exist – so the number of new species presented here is no doubt an underestimate. Cover image: Ranitomeya benedicta, new poison frog species © Evan Twomey amazon alive! i a decade of discovery 1999-2009 1 Ahmed Djoghlaf, Executive Secretary, Foreword Convention on Biological Diversity The vital importance of the Amazon rainforest is very basic work on the natural history of the well known.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Historical and Potential Future Deforestation on The
    Journal of Hydrology 369 (2009) 165–174 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hydrology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhydrol The influence of historical and potential future deforestation on the stream flow of the Amazon River – Land surface processes and atmospheric feedbacks Michael T. Coe a,*, Marcos H. Costa b, Britaldo S. Soares-Filho c a The Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Rd., Falmouth, MA 02540, USA b The Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-000, Brazil c The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil article info summary Article history: In this study, results from two sets of numerical simulations are evaluated and presented; one with the Received 18 June 2008 land surface model IBIS forced with prescribed climate and another with the fully coupled atmospheric Received in revised form 27 October 2008 general circulation and land surface model CCM3-IBIS. The results illustrate the influence of historical and Accepted 15 February 2009 potential future deforestation on local evapotranspiration and discharge of the Amazon River system with and without atmospheric feedbacks and clarify a few important points about the impact of defor- This manuscript was handled by K. estation on the Amazon River. In the absence of a continental scale precipitation change, large-scale Georgakakos, Editor-in-Chief, with the deforestation can have a significant impact on large river systems and appears to have already done so assistance of Phillip Arkin, Associate Editor in the Tocantins and Araguaia Rivers, where discharge has increased 25% with little change in precipita- tion. However, with extensive deforestation (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Index 881 SYSTEMATIC INDEX
    systematic index 881 SYSTEMATIC INDEX Acanthodoras 28, 41, 544, 546-548 Anchoviella sp. 20, 152, 153, 158, 159 Acanthodoras cataphractus 28, 41, 544, 546-548 Ancistrinae 412, 438 ACESTRORHYNCHIDAE 24, 130, 168, 334-337 ANCISTRINI 412, 438 Acestrorhynchus 24, 72, 82, 84, 334-337 Ancistrus 438, 442-449 Acestrorhynchus falcatus 24, 334-336 Ancistrus aff. hoplogenys 26, 443-446 Acestrorhynchus guianensis 336 Ancistrus gr. leucostictus 26, 443, 446, 447 Acestrorhynchus microlepis 24, 82, 84, 334, 336, Ancistrus sp. ‘reticulate’ 26, 443, 446, 447 337 Ancistrus temminckii 26, 443, 448, 449 ACHIRIDAE 33, 77, 123, 794-799 Anostomidae 21, 33, 50, 131, 168, 184-201, 202 Achirus 4, 33, 794, 796, 797 Anostomus 131, 184, 185, 188-191 Achirus achirus 4, 33, 794, 796, 797 Anostomus anostomus 21, 185, 188, 189 Achirus declivis 33, 794, 796 Anostomus brevior 21, 185, 188, 189 Achirus lineatus 796 Anostomus ternetzi 21, 117, 185, 188-191 Acipenser 5 Aphyocharacidium melandetum 22, 232, 236, 237 Acnodon 23, 48, 288-292 APHYOCHARACINAE 23, 132, 304, 305 Acnodon oligacanthus 23, 48, 289-292 Aphyocharax erythrurus 23, 132, 304, 305 ACTINOPTERYGII 8 Apionichthys dumerili 33, 794, 796-798 Adontosternarchus 602 Apistogramma 720, 723, 728-731, 756 Aequidens 31, 724, 726-729, 750, 752 Apistogramma ortmanni 31, 723, 728-730 Aequidens geayi 750 Apistogramma steindachneri 31, 41, 69, 79, 723, Aequidens paloemeuensis 31, 724, 726, 727 730, 731 Aequidens potaroensis 726 apteronotidae 29, 124, 602-607 Aequidens tetramerus 31, 724, 728, 729 Apteronotus albifrons 4, 29,
    [Show full text]
  • Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 Version Available for Download From
    Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) – 2009-2012 version Available for download from http://www.ramsar.org/ris/key_ris_index.htm. Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework and guidelines for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 14, 3rd edition). A 4th edition of the Handbook is in preparation and will be available in 2009. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Beatriz de Aquino Ribeiro - Bióloga - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) Designation date Site Reference Number 99136-0940. Antonio Lisboa - Geógrafo - MSc. Biogeografia - Analista Ambiental / [email protected], (95) 99137-1192. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade - ICMBio Rua Alfredo Cruz, 283, Centro, Boa Vista -RR. CEP: 69.301-140 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List 8(3): 592-594, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution N
    Check List 8(3): 592-594, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution N ISTRIBUTIO New records of fishes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi) from D the Upper Tapajós River Basin 1 1 1, 2* RAPHIC G Fernando C. P. Dagosta , Murilo N. L. Pastana and André L. H. Esguícero EO G N 1 Universidade de São Paulo - FFCLRP, Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia. Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900. CEP O 14040-901. Ribeirão Preto, SP, [email protected]. 2 Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Nazaré, 481, Ipiranga. CEP 04218-970. São Paulo, SP, Brazil. OTES * Corresponding author. E-mail: N Abstract: Sartor Tatia intermedia Sartor The firstTatia report intermedia of (Anostomidae) and (Auchenipteridae) for the Upper Tapajós River Basin are presented here. is very rare on collections, and is reported only from the Trombetas, Tocantins and Upper Xingu river basins. is registered in the upper reaches of the Araguaia, Tocantins, Xingu, and Capim rivers, tributaries of the lower Amazon River in Brazil, northwards to the Suriname coastal rivers and the Essequibo River in Guyana. S. tucuruiense Since freshwater fishes are embedded within a It differs from by body depth (18.1-19.8 vs. terrestrial landscape that limits dispersal within and 23-25.9% of SL), caudal peduncle length (15-18.1 vs. 18.5- among drainage basins it can provide unique opportunities 20% of SL), caudal peduncle depth (8.6-9.8 vs. 10.4-11.2% for the identificationet al.of distribution patterns, which may of SL), interorbital width (38-41.8 vs.
    [Show full text]