FACULTY OF CIVIL POLISH ASSOCIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING OF SANITARY ENGINEERS BIAŁYSTOK UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICIANS SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS „ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – THROUGH A YOUNG EYE” Vol. 9 Iwona Skoczko Janina Piekutin Aleksandra Kłębek Białystok 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 9, 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – THROUGH A YOUNG EYE VOL. 9 Edited by Iwona Skoczko Janina Piekutin Aleksandra Kłębek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej Białystok 2014 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 9, 2014 FACULTY OF CIVIL POLISH ASSOCIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING OF SANITARY ENGINEERS BIAŁYSTOK UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY AND TECHNICIANS SERIES OF MONOGRAPHS Vol. 9 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 9, 2014 We would like to thank to our patronage for help in organization of this event and this publication. BIAŁYSTOK UNIVERSITY of TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Under the patronage of Rector of Bialystok University of Technology Prof. Lech Dzienis DSc, PhD, Eng Media patronage: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 9, 2014 Volume editor: Iwona Skoczko Janina Piekutin Aleksandra Kłębek Editorial team: Iwona Skoczko– Editor-in-chef Janina Piekutin – Editor-in-chef Aleksandra Kłębek – Monograph composition Magdalena Horysz – Monograph composition Reviewers of monograph: PhD Eng Iwona Skoczko Scientific team: PhD Eng Iwona Skoczko – Białystok University of Technology PhD Janina Piekutin – Białystok University of Technology Prof. PK Jacek Piekarski DSc, PhD, Eng - Koszalin University of Technology PhD Eng Mariusz Dudziak– Silesian University of Technology Prof. Bożena Łozowicka DSc, PhD – Institute of Plant Protection Prof. Józefa Wiater DSc, PhD, Eng – Białystok University of Technology Prof. Rafał Miłaszewski DSc, PhD, Eng – Białystok University of Technology PhD Eng Katarzyna Ignatowicz – Białystok University of Technology Prof. PB Mirosław Żukowski DSc, PhD, Eng - Białystok University of Technology Prof. Aleksey Ternovtsev – Kyiv National University of COnstruction and Architecture Prof. Dmitry Spitsov – Moscow State University of Civil Engineering PhD Joanna Szczykowska – Białystok University of Technology PhD Eng Anna Siemieniuk – Białystok University of Technology PhD Eng Elżbieta Grygorczuk – Petersons – Białystok University of Technology PhD Eng Dariusz Andraka – Białystok University of Technology PhD Eng Katarzyna Gładyszewska – Fiedoruk – Białystok University of Technology All works published in the monograph are reviewed Copyright by Politechnika Białostocka, Białystok 2014 ISBN – 978-83-62582-55-8 Publication can not be reproduced in any way without the written permission of the copyright holder Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej Print run: 100 copies. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej Ul. Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Białystok Tel.: 85 746 91 37 fax: 85 746 90 12 e-mail: [email protected] www.pb.edu.pl ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 9, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS The structure of electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plants……………………..….……7 Jerzy Ciepliński, Zbigniew Mucha, Włodzimierz Wójcik The implementation of CHP systems in existing district heating systems in Poland…………….…...42 Anna Ostrowska-Bućko Changes of quantitative and qualitative parameters of wastewater treatment plant in Stawiski……....81 Piotr Ofman, Joanna Struk-Sokołowska Wastewater and sludge management in chosen dairy WWTP plants in Podlaskie province………...103 Pavel Averin, Dmitry Samsonenko Agricultural biogas plants…….….…….…………..………….……..…………………………..…...115 Joanna Kazimierowicz, Zuzanna Kazimierowicz Using cementation and fertilization in industrial wastewater cleaning from coppe……….………....144 Zoria Dmytro, Kochetov G.M. ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 4, 2014 MSc Eng Jerzy Ciepliński, PhD Eng Zbigniew Mucha, Prof. Włodzimierz Wójcik DSc, PhD, Eng Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Technology Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow e-mail: [email protected] The structure of electricity consumption in wastewater treatment plants Key words: wastewater treatment, energy consumption`s diagram, energy efficiency Abstract: The main focus of the article is on the energy consumption in Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) from the viewpoint of its distribution on individual blocks, systems or devices. Conventional systems were taken into account, and additionally a few non-standard plants. To develop energy distribution diagrams archival data from several Polish conventional plants were used, and, additionally, complimentary data from a few non- conventional WWTPs from the USA. During development of the detailed energy usage diagram, a few methods were elaborated with varying degrees of accuracy, allowing estimation of proper results even with incomplete data. These methods were compared with available literature and methods currently used. Based on the above materials, a compact summary was developed, showing the distribution of the energy consumption of the wastewater treatment plants with a biological stage contaminant removal. 1. Introduction Despite of many research on energy efficiency and energy distribution in environmental engineering systems there are still many unknown or unsolved issues. Situation in the waste water treatment industry always was a little different than in other sectors. Energy issues never were on the first place on “the list of concerns”, the greatest possible effluent quality was for a very long time a primary goal. However, some papers were published in seventies and eighties of last century in which this issue was addressed but the noticeable increase of interest started 25-30 years ago. Reasons for this increase interest were various and may be different in different regions/countries. Two most obvious were economy and ecology: rising energy costs and increasing pressure on environment protection including CO2 emissions reduction. Moreover, probably one of the technological factors was development of more advanced automation and on-line monitoring systems, new technologies, and more efficient machinery and control software. The most valuable papers were published in the last 15 years. Summing all up, there is still a lot of work that could and should be done regarding energy efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Also, revisions of some theories and assumptions due to ongoing technological development may be required. 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 4, 2014 2. Methods This research was based on data from 6 small, conventional WWTPs in Southern Poland (located near Kraków agglomeration), and four non-conventional plants in USA). Because of the protection of corporate data, applicable to several objects, all names of the plants were changed. (By „conventional system” authors understand a common type of WWTP in UE or US, consisting of two stages of treatment with activated sludge (mechanical + biological) and biological Corg. N, and P. removal) 2.1 Descriptions of studied WWTPs. Conventional two-stage (mechanical + biological) WWTPs with active-sludge reactor type with aerobic and anaerobic conditions, are listed below in ascending order according to the designed average daily flow rate. 3 Plant A was designed for flow rate Qavdp =114 m /d, PE = 813; single technological line with continuous bio-reactor type. The plant was designed for TSS (Total Suspended Solids), organic carbon and additionally nitrogen and phosphorous removal. [1] [2] During studied period, years 2007 and 2008, treatment plant was under constant and substantial overflow (about 3 times greater than a designed average daily flow), despite that actual BOD loading of raw wastewater was about 98% of assumed at the designing stage. Excess sludge from both primary and secondary sedimentation was directed into an Imhoff sedimentation tank for anaerobic stabilization. After such stabilization and thickening sludge from the Imhoff tanks was directed to Sludge Drying Beds (SDB) for dewatering. SDB - dewatering system of excess sludge due to natural evaporation of water from sludge distributed over a large area. Highly effective in terms of total removal of water (over 50%) but not sufficiently efficient in terms of overall process duration (days to even months) and area needed [4]. After stabilization and dewatering, sludge was exported to Central Sludge Processing facility located in one of the two major City WWTPs. 3 Plant B was designed for flow rate Qavdp = 165 m /d and PE = 1 100; with continuous biological reactor type for TSS, organic carbon and additionally nitrogen and phosphorus removal. [1] [2]It had two parallel technological lines. During studied period (years 2007 and 2008) the treatment plant was under constant and substantial overflow (flow rate was almost two times greater than a designed average daily flow). Also BOD loading was 25% higher than designed. 8 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING – TROUGH A YOUNG EYE vol. 4, 2014 Excess sludge (both, primary and secondary) was directed into thickener and then to non-mechanical dewatering at the sludge drying beds. After such stabilization and dewatering, sludge was exported to central sludge processing facility located in one of the two major City WWTPs. 3 Plant C was designed for flow rateQavdp = 225 m /d and PE = 1 500, with continuous biological reactor type for TSS, organic carbon and additionally nitrogen and phosphorus removal.