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A Comparative Morphological Study of the Somatic Innervation of The Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1966 A comparative morphological study of the somatic innervation of the antebrachium and manus, crus and pes of the domestic animals (Bovidae, Ovidae, Capridae, Suidae, Equidae) Nani Gopal Ghoshal Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Animal Structures Commons, and the Veterinary Anatomy Commons Recommended Citation Ghoshal, Nani Gopal, "A comparative morphological study of the somatic innervation of the antebrachium and manus, crus and pes of the domestic animals (Bovidae, Ovidae, Capridae, Suidae, Equidae)" (1966). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5286. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5286 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been microiihned exactly as received 6 7-2044 GHOSHAL, D.T.V.M., Nani Gopal, 1934- A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOMATIC INNERVATION OF THE ANTEBRACHIUM AND MANUS, CRUS AND PES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS (BOVIDAE, OVIDAE, CAPRIDAE, SUIDAE, EQUIDAL). Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ph.D., 1966 Anatomy University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SOMATIC INNERVATION OF THE Al^JTEBRACHIUM Aim MANUS, CRUS Al^D PES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS (BOVIDAE, OVIDAE, CAPRIDAE, SUIDAE, EQUIDAE) by Nani Gopal Ghoshal . / / A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major Subject: Veterinary Anatomy Approved; Signature was redacted for privacy. In Charge of Majoy Work Signature was redacted for privacy. Head of Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. Dean Graduate College Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1966 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3 A. Innervation of the Forearm and Foot of Domestic Animals 3 B. Innervation of the Leg and Foot of Domestic Animals 40 III. MATERIAL AliD I-IETHODS 74 IV. RESULTS 76 A. Innervation of the Forearm, or Antebrachium, and Foot, or Nanus, in Ox, Sheep, Goat, Pig and Horse 76 B. Innervation of the Leg, or Crus, and Foot, or Pes, in Ox, Sheep, Goat, Pig and Horse 132 V. DISCUSSION 186 A. Innervation of the Forearm and Foot of Domestic Animals 186 B. Innervation of the Leg and Foot of Domestic Animals 193 VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 204 A. Innervation of the Forearm and Foot of Domestic Animals 204 B. Innervation of the Leg and Foot of Domestic Animals 211 VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY 217 VIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 224 IX. APPENDIX A FIGURES 1 TO 20 226a X. APPENDIX B PLATE NOS. 1 TO 20 246a ill LIST OP FIGURES Page Figure 1. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Porelimb of Oz; Dorsal view (Schematic) 22? Figure 2. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Porelimb of Ox; Volar view (Schematic) • 22? Figure 3* Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Sheep; Dorsal view (Schematic) 229 Figure Nerves of Distal Part of Right Porelimb of Sheep; Volar view (Schematic) 229 Figure 5* Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Goat; Dorsal view (Schematic) 231 Figure 6. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Goat; Volar view (Schematic) 231 Figure 7* Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Pig; Dorsal view (Schematic) 233 Figure 8. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Pig; Volar view (Schematic) 233 Figure 9* Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Horse; Dorsal view (Schematic) 235 Figure 10. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Forelimb of Horse; Volar view (Schematic) 235 Figure 11. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Ox; Dorsal view (Schematic) 237 Figure 12. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Ox; Plantar view (Schematic) 237 Figure 13. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Sheep; Dorsal view (Schematic) 239 Figure 14. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Sheep; Plaiitar view (Schematic) 239 Figure 15» Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Goat; Dorsal view (Schematic) 241 iv Page Figure 16. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Goat; Plantar view (Schematic) Z^l-l Figure 17. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Pig; Dorsal view (Schematic) 243 Figure 18. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Pig; Plantar view (Schematic) 243 Figure 19* Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Horse; Dorsal view (Schematic) 245 Figure 20. Nerves of Distal Part of Right Hind Limb of Horse; Plantar view (Schematic) 245 V LIST OF PLATES Page Plate No. 1. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Ox; Medial view 2^7 Plate No. 2. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Ox; Lateral view .... 24? Plate No. 3* Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Sheep; liedial view .. 249 Plate No. 4. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Sheep; Lateral view . 249 Plate No. 5* Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Goat; Medial view ... 251 Plate NOo 6. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Goat; Lateral view .. 251 Plate No. 7* Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Pig; Medial view .... 253 Plate No. 8. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Right Forelimb of Pig; Lateral view ... 253 Plate No. 9* Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Left Forelimb of Horse; Medial view ... 255 Plate No. 10. Nerves of the Forearm and Foot of Left Forelimb of Horse; Lateral view .. 255 Plate No. 11. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Ox; Medial view 257 Plate No. 12. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Ox; Lateral view 257 Plate No. 13« Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Sheep; Medial view 259 Plate No. 14. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Sheep; Lateral view 259 Plate No. 15. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Goat; Medial view 26l vl Page Plate No. 16. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Goat; Lateral view 26l Plate No. 17. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Left Hind Limb of Pig; Medial view 263 Plate No. 18. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Left Hind Limb of Pig; Lateral view 263 Plate No. 19. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Horse; Medial view 265 Plate No. 20. Nerves of the Leg and Foot of Right Hind Limb of Horse ; Lateral view » 265 1 I. INTRODUCTION A comprehensive knowledge regarding the innervation and disposition of various nerves supplying the appendages in ox, sheep, goat, pig and horse is essential from a com­ parative anatomical standpoint and for the sake of "applied" or "practical" anatomy, in order to satisfactorily accomplish various nerve "blocks and to perform satisfactory surgery. A specific knowledge about the nerve supply to a particular region may, in turn, aid in the diagnosis of the area of involvement when certain nerves are affected by fracture, trauma, tumor, etc. Diseases of the feet of livestock often impair their utility and cause economic loss to the farmer, and indirectly to the country. Therefore, this investigation has both academic and practical application. Moreover, the pig and small ruminants (e.g. sheep and goat) are frequently used as experimental animals in various research institutions around the country and abroad. How­ ever, very little information to date is available in the literature, especially in English, on the nerve supply .to the appendages of the pig and small and large ruminants. There are few references to the innervation of the digital regions in the goat, although it has been assumed that possibly there is no significant difference in the pattern of distribution of nerves in these regions than those of 2 the ox and sheep. Thus, in order to obtain detailed in­ formation in this area and for a better understanding of the domestic species differences, if any, this investigation has been undertaken. Within the framework of the present investigation, the innervation of the forearm or "antebrachium" and foot or "manus" of the forelimb and leg or "crus" and foot or "pes" of the hind limb has been studied. At times, information regarding the origin of some nerves supplying these regions has been included in the observations to present a more comprehensive picture. For all practical purposes, the Nomina Anatomlca Veterinaria (Pars prima) approved by the International Commission on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) in 1963, was used for the nomenclature of the muscles and, whenever possible, the Nomina Anatomlca (1955) was used for the nomenclature of the nerves. 3 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE A. Innervation of the Forearm and Foot of Domestic Animals 1. Ox a. ^ ulnaris From the ulnar nerve arises the N. cutaneus antebrachii caudalis s. proprius, soon after its separation from the N. medianus. Reimers (1925b) and Schreiber (1956a) state that the caudal cutaneous nerve of the forearm immediately divides into a cranial and a caudal twig. The Ramus cranialis lies on the medial side of the forearm and is covered by the M. pectoralis transversus, appears within the proximal third under the fascia, runs distally and somewhat on the volar surface, and ends at the level of the carpus.
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