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Comparative Study on the Nomenclature of the Nerves of the Forearm and Forefoot of the Domestic Animals N

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Comparative Study on the Nomenclature of the Nerves of the Forearm and Forefoot of the Domestic Animals N Volume 29 | Issue 1 Article 7 1967 Comparative Study on the Nomenclature of the Nerves of the Forearm and Forefoot of the Domestic Animals N. G. Ghoshal Iowa State University R. Getty Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/iowastate_veterinarian Part of the Veterinary Anatomy Commons Recommended Citation Ghoshal, N. G. and Getty, R. (1967) "Comparative Study on the Nomenclature of the Nerves of the Forearm and Forefoot of the Domestic Animals," Iowa State University Veterinarian: Vol. 29 : Iss. 1 , Article 7. Available at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/iowastate_veterinarian/vol29/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Iowa State University Veterinarian by an authorized editor of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Comparative Study on the Nomenclature of the Nerves of the Forearm and Forefoot of the Domestic Animals N. G. Ghoshal, G.V.Sc., D.T.V.M., Dr.med.vet., Ph.D. R. Getty, D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D. A review of the textbooks of the anat­ palm of the hand or sole of the foot. In omy of domestic animals, applied anat­ most of the Veterinary Anatomy books, omy, operative surgery and various other especially in English literature, the term publications pertaining to these regions, "volaris" instead of "palmaris" is fre­ both in English and foreign literature, in­ quently used. As both the terms refer to dicate that a variety of terms which are the same anatomical area and for the sake often very confusing are used to designate of consistency with human anatomy, the nerves, especially in the digital region. term "palmaris" will be used in, this article, Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to wherever applicable. summarize and compare the various termi­ nologies of the nerves of the forearm (antebrachium) and forefoot (manus) in 1. THE ULNAR NERVE our domestic animals. (N. «lnaris) (Table I) The classical studies concerning the nerve supply of the forelimb in domestic At a variable level within the distal half ariimals are those by Sussdorf!!6 and Reim­ of the arm, the ulnar nerve releases a long, ers.!!! These early studies essentially de· slender cutaneous branch. In veterinary scribe the gross branchings of the nerves anatomy, it has been called by different supplying the region. terms, in different species by various The nerves which supply the forearm authors (Table I). In the domestic ani­ and forefoot in the domestic animals arise mals, this cutaneous branch of the ulnar from the brachial plexus (Plexus brachi­ nerve essentially supplies the caudal as­ alis) in the proximal part of the forelimb. pect and the adjoining segments of the They include: the ulnar nerve (N. ul­ medial and lateral surfaces of the forearm. naris); the median nerve (N. medianus); As the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria1!1 the Ramus muscularis distalis of the restricts the use of "caudalis" on the limbs musculocutaneous nerve (N. musculo­ proximal to the carpus and tarsus, we pro­ cutaneus); the radial nerve (N. radialis); pose to designate this cutaneous branch of and the Nn. cutanei antebrachii craniales the ulnar nerve as the N. cutaneus ante­ of the axillary nerve (N. axillaris). brachii caudalis. Before discussing the principal The two terminal branches of the ulnar branches of the various nerve trunks sup­ nerve in man are designated as the Ramus plying the forearm and forefoot in do­ dorsalis n. ulnaris and Ramus palmaris n. mestic animals, we quote the definition of ulnaris. 1H For the sake of simplicity and the following terms as recommended by conformity with the nomenclature of hu­ the World Association of Veterinary Anat­ man anatomy, we also propose to name omists (WAVA).111 "Palmaris"-Palma these terminal branches as the Ramus (Cicero et al.) designates the palm of the dorsalis n. ulnaris and Ramus palmaris n. hand. "Vola," the hollow, refers to the ulnaris. However, it will be evident from 30 Iowa State University Veterinarian Table I that different terms are applied to at first splits into the N. digiti V palmaris these terminal branches of the ulnar nerve proprius and N. digitalis palmaris com­ by various authors within the same spe­ munis (superficialis) IV (after receiving cies, and also between different species. contributions from the N. medianus) In polydactyl animals, the Ramus dor­ which later divides into the Nn. digitales salis n. ulnaris continues as the Nn. digi­ IV et V palmares proprii. tales dorsales in man;1H as the N. digitalis In the species mentioned above, the dorsalis communis IV which splits into Ramus profundus is expended entirely in­ the Nn. digitales IV et V dorsales proprii side the M. interosseus medius, except in in the ruminants; and the N. digiti V dor­ the dog. In the latter species, the Ramus salis proprius and N. digitalis dorsalis profundus divides into the Nn. digitales communis IV (after receiving the Ramus palmares communes (profundi) II, III et lateralis of the N. digitalis dorsalis com­ IV. After receiving the Nn. digitales pal­ munis III) in the pig. The latter divides mares communes (superficiales) II et III of into the Nn. digitales IV et V dorsales the N. medianus it becomes the Tr. pal­ proprii. It becomes the N. digiti V dorsalis mares communes II et III. The latter di­ proprius in the dog and the N. digiti V vide into the Nn. digitales palmares pro­ dorsalis proprius and N. digitalis dorsalis prii. communis IV (after receiving a branch of In perissodactyl animals (e.g., horse) the Ramus superficialis of the N. radialis) the ulnar nerve also divides into the Ra­ in the cat. The latter divides into the Nn. mus dorsalis n. ulnaris and Ramus pal­ digitales dorsales proprii. maris n. ulnaris. The Ramus dorsalis n. In order to simplify the nomenclature ulnaris furnishes twigs to the fascia and in the region of the "manus," we propose skin on the dorsolateral aspect of the car­ to drop the terms "metacarpicus," "meta­ pus and the dorsolateral aspect of the carpalis," "metacarpeus," etc. This change metacarpus to the fetlock joint. is, however, in accordance with the No­ The Ramus palmaris n. ulnaris at first mina Anatomica. 1s joins the N. palmaris lateralis and then, Similarly, the Ramus palmaris n. ul­ similar to other animals, divides into a naris, in man, divides into the Ramus Ramus superficiaJis and Ramus profundus. superficialis and Ramus profundus. Later, The Ramus superficiaJis receives a com­ the former (Ramus superficialis) becomes municating branch from the N. palmaris the Nn. digitales palmares communes medialis and subsequently divides into which split into the Nn. digitales palmares the N. digitalis dorsalis lateralis and N. proprii.1S digitalis palmaris lateralis. Occasionally, In the domestic animals, the Ramus an inconstant N. digitalis intermedius is palmaris n. ulnaris also divides into the found. Ramus superficialis and Ramus pro­ II. THE MEDIAN NERVE fundus. The Ramus superficialis (after (N. mediallus) AND receiving the Ramus lateralis of the N. MUSCULOCUTANEOUS NERVE palmaris lateralis) becomes the N. digitalis (N. mllJClIioClltallellS) (Table II) palmaris communis IV, which splits into the Nn. digitales IV et V palmares proprii The Ramus musculocutancus of the in the ruminants. In the pig, it divides median nerve should be regarded as the into the N. digiti V palmaris proprius and Ramus muscularis distalis of the musculo­ N. digiti IV palmaris proprius. In the dog, cutaneous nerve (N. musculocutaneus) for the Ramus superficialis gives rise to the N. comparative reasons. In the cat, this digiti V palmaris proprius and N. digitalis branch does not associate with the median palmaris communis (superficialis) IV nerve in its distal course. We propose to (which receives a contribution from the call its cutaneous branch the N. cutaneus Ramus profundus). The latter divides into antebrachii medialis which corresponds to the Nn. digitales IV et V palmares pro­ the N. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis in prii. In the cat, the Ramus superficialis man. Issue, No.1, 1967 31 For the sake of uniformity with human scends as the N. digitalis palmaris com­ anatomy and for comparative reasons, we munis III. The former extends as the N. propose to designate the terminal branches digiti V palmaris proprius, while the latter, of the median nerve as the medial and following division, gives rise to the Nn. lateral palmar nerves. digitales III et IV palmares proprii. In In man, the Ramus palmaris n. mediani the dog and cat, the N. palmaris lateralis gives off the Ramus communicans cum n. continues as the N. digitalis palmaris com­ ulnari and later forms the Nn. digit ales munis (superficialis) III which finally palmares communes. The latter split into splits into the Nn. digitales III et IV pal­ the Nn. digitales palmares propriPs mares proprii. Besides, in the cat, the N. In polydactyl animals, especially in the palmaris lateralis gives off a Ramus com­ ox and sheep, the N. palmaris medialis municans cum ramo superficiali (e nervo divides into a Ramus medialis (N. digitalis ulnari). palmaris communis II) and Ramus inter­ In the horse, the N. palmaris medialis digitalis. The former descends as the Nn. gives off a Ramus communicans. It di­ digitales II et III palmares proprii, while vides finally into the N. digitalis dorsalis the latter continues as the N. digiti III medialis and N. digitalis palmaris medi­ palmaris proprius. In the goat, the N. pal­ alis. Sometimes, a N. digitalis intermedius maris medialis usually divides into the is also encountered. Ramus medialis (N. digitalis palmaris The N. palmaris lateralis joins the Ra­ communis II) and N.
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