Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019 e-ISSN : 2541-4208 p-ISSN : 2548-1606

http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati

THE FISH FAUNA IN LAKITAN RIVER, MUSI RAWAS REGENCY, SOUTH

Dian Samitra*1, Zico Fakhrur Rozi2

Received : January 30, 2019 Abstract. Fish diversity in the Lakitan River is not well recorded, even Accepted : February 24, 2019 though the data is important to add information about the diversity of freshwater fish in . This study aims to study fish composition DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v4i1.4097 and ecological index in the Lakitan River. The study was conducted 1,2Biology of Education, STKIP PGRI in the Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, Province. . Jl. Mayor Toha, Kelu- The method used was the survey method. The direct sampling was rahan Air Kuti, Lubuklinggau 31626, done at 5 stations, the numbering of stations followed the direction telp. 0733-451432 of the river from upstream to downstream. The data at each station are tabulated based on species, family and order. Data analysis in- e-mail: cludes a diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, and sim- *[email protected] [email protected] ilarity index. The fish caught during the study were 418 individuals, which were identified into 20 species and 11 families. Barbonymus *Corresponding author gonionotus is the most captured species in the Lakitan River. Cypri- nidae is the most captured family (9 species). The highest diversity index was found at station 5, with the number of fish collected was 16 species. The evenness index at 5 stations showed the equivalent species distribution and stable communities. The domination index at 5 stations were at, low category. The similarity index between sta- tions in Lakitan River which ranging from 0.65 – 0.97. These results indicate that fish diversity in the Lakitan River medium biodiversity.

Keywords: fish, fauna, Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Su- matera.

Citation Samitra, D. & Rozi, Z. F. (2019). The Fish Fauna in Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Biodjati, 4(1), 11-20

INTRODUCTION itan River have been reduced and some spe- cies have rarely been caught. Decreasing fish The Lakitan River is one of the rivers populations in the Lakitan River due to over- in South Sumatra Province of Indonesia. It fishing. In addition, several results of the study flows 1.113 KM2 from Bengkulu Province statethat a decrease fish is caused by damage as upstream and empties into the Musi Riv- to the environment and human activities (Hos- er (Emilia et al., 2013; Badan Pusat Statistik sain et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018). Lack of in- Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2019). The Lak- formation and knowledge related to the fish in itan River has been built by The Lakitan Dam the river makes people less concerned about (Berita Satu, 2015). maintaining habitat and fish populations. Information from respondents stated that Information about the fish in the waters over the past 5 years fish catches in the Lak- is very necessary due to the fish population Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019

http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati changes from time to time (Purwanto et al., diversity of freshwater fish. The aims of this 2014). Study on fish diversity in several riv- study to asses the fish composition and eco- ers of South Sumatra Province has been con- logical aspect the Lakitan River. ducted such as in the , (Eddy, 2013) and research on fish diversity MATERIALS AND METHODS in the Kelingi River Lubuklinggau and Musi Rawas (Samitra & Rozi, 2018a; Samitra, et Site Study al., 2018). Samitra & Rozi (2018b) have been The study was conducted in the Lakitan conducted research at the Lakitan Dam locat- River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra ed in the Lakitan River. However, informa- Province, from January to May 2018. The tion about fish diversity in the Lakitan River coordinates and map location of the study in is still limited. Research in the Lakitan River Figure 1. is important to add information regarding the

Figure 1. Research Location in the Lakitan River (Arcgis 10.2)

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Sampling Methods Data Analysis The tools used in sampling are GPS, Fish data at each station ware tabulat- pH, DO meter, thermometer, cast net 1/2 inch ed based on species, family, and order. Data for small fish and 1 1/2 inch for big fish, dikes, analysis includes a diversity index, evenness stationery, ruler, spuit 3 ml and digital camer- index, dominance index, and similarity index. as. The materials needed are plastic bags, la- The calculation of diversity index aimed to bel paper and 4% formalin. The survey meth- determine diversity in a community (Pratami od was used in this research. Direct sampling et al., 2018). was carried out at 5 stations, selected by the Diversity index is calculated using the purposive sampling station based on safety Shannon-Wienner (Hossain et al., 2017; Guo considerations and water conditions. The sta- et al., 2018). tion numbering based on the direction of the river from upstream to downstream (Samitra H’= - ∑ (n1/N) x ln (n1/N) & Rozi, 2018a). Before taken the sample, Where H’ = diversity index, n1 = number of measurements of abiotic factor data in the type i individuals, N = number of individuals Lakitan River included: water temperature, of all types. The criteria for diversity index pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Sampling are as follows: H’≤ 2.0 low category, 2.0< H’ in each station is done three times. Samples ≤ 3.0 is a medium category and H’ ≥ 3.0 is a were obtained using scatter and dikes. Fish high category (Rappe, 2010). caught photographed using a digital camera, Evenness index shows the evenness pat- then samples are preserved and put into plas- tern of distribution of biota, (Rahman & Muji- tic bags containing 4% formalin and labeled. yanto, 2013). The uniformity index value (E) Specifically for the large or thick-bodied fish using the Pielou evenness index (Hossain et samples, the formalin needs to be injected al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018). through anal (Hadiaty, 2011). The fish sam- ples obtained were then taken to the STKIP E=H’/lnS PGRI Lubuklinggau Biology Education labo- Where, E = evenness index type, H’ = index ratory to be identified. of diversity and S = Number of types found. If the value of evenness index approaches 0, it Laboratory Activities can be interpreted that there is a tendency for Bottle collection and trays are tools used dominance of certain species in the ecosys- in laboratory activities. The material used is tem/community, and if the value approaches tap water and 70% alcohol. Fish samples were 1 then the ecosystem/community is in a rela- removed from formalin plastic bags and then tively stable condition and the spread of spe- soaked in water for several hours. The fish cies is evenly distributed (Rahman & Muji- samples were sorted morphologically and put yanto, 2013). into a collection bottle containing 70% alco- Dominance index is calculated using hols (Hadiaty, 2011). Identification activities the Simpson dominance index (Hossain et al., were carried out in a laboratory based on Kot- 2017; Guo et al., 2018). telat et al. (1993), Iqbal (2011) and Sukmono & Margaretha (2017). C= ∑ (ni/N) Where C = dominance index, ni = number of individual species i, N = total number of indi-

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http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati viduals of all species. The dominance index it is reasonable that this family dominates in criteria are as follows: 0.00 C ≤0.75 medium category and 0.75 2017; Wahyuni & Zakaria, 2018).

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http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati des is least concern (Froese & Pauly, 2018). taecembelus maculatus is a type of benthope- Xenentodon canciloides in the Lakitan River lagic fish, and these fish are able to live in rivers were caught only as many as 5 specimens. with acidic condition (Froese & Pauly, 2018). From this finding, to be a study related to its The family of Pangsiidae found was 1 conservation status is needed. species, namely Pangasius micronemus (Ta- In the Lakitan River, there was only 1 ble 1). Pangsidae are mustache fish, do not species belonged to Belontiidae family found, have scales and have murmurs (Kottelat et namely Trichopodus trichopterus (Table 1). al., 1993). During the study, Pangasius mi- The findings of Trichopodus trichopterus in cronemus caught was 10 specimens (Table 1). the Lakitan River are actually quite strange Pangasius micronemus is benthopelagic fish because the characteristics of these fish live and can grow up to 1 m (Rainboth, 1996; Fro- in stagnant water and are able to live in wa- ese & Pauly, 2018). ters with low oxygen concentration (Kottelat The family of Pristolepididae found et al., 1993). The possibility of this fish enter- was 1 species, namely the Pristolepis grooti ing the Lakitan River might be from swamps/ (Table 1). Pristolepididae is close to Nan- ponds during a flood. Trichopodus trichop- didae, in Indonesia, there are only 2 types terus has now been found as a foreign fish in of this family (Kottelat et al., 1993). Dur- Brazil (Rodrigues-Filhoa et al., 2018). ing the study, Pristolepis grooti caught as There was 1 species of Channidae found, many as 17 specimens (Table 1). Pristolep- namely Channa striata (Table 1). Channidae is grooti is an Indonesian native fish with is snakehead fish, these kinds of fish are able good economic value (Alawi et al., 2014). to breathe air from the atmosphere and usu- The family of Siluridae found in the ally live in the tropics (Kottelat et al., 1993). Lakitan River was 1 species, namely Kyrp- Channa striata is fish that dominantly lives topterus schilbeides. Siluridae is a mustache in swamps and calm waters (Froese & Pauly, fish with various, body sizes varies and lives 2018). Currently, Channa striata are used as a on the riverbed (Kottelat et al., 1993). During source of albumin supplement for health (Ro- the study, Kyrptopterus schilbeides captured madhoni et al., 2016). was 4 specimens. Clarias batrachus is only species be- The familiy of Tetraodontidae found longed to Clariidae in the Lakitan River (Table in the Lakitan River was 1 species, name- 1). Clariidae is a family of fish with character- ly Pao leiurus (Table 1). Tetraodontidae are istics of hard heads, cylindrical bodies and can fish whose bodies have poisonous thorns and walk using pectoral fins and pelvic fins (Kot- are able to expand when they feel threatened telat et al., 1993). Some of the studies state (Kottelat et al., 1993). Pao leiurus is a dem- that Clarias batrachus has become introduced ersal fish that is aggressive and highly- tox in several places (Froese & Pauly, 2018). ic. Sometimes it is export as ornamental fish This species potential for ornamental fish. (Froese & Pauly, 2018). The family of Mastacembelidae was Even though there are 6 endemic fish found in in the Lakitan River as many as 1 species in South Sumatra namely, Nundus species, Mastaecembelus maculatus (Table mercatus, Betta renata, Rasbora jacobsoni, 1). Mastacembelidae is a fish that resembles Puntius dorsimaculatus, Parosphoremus su- eel, has a long body with a flat tail, a snout that matranus, and Pseudomystus moeschii (Prian- forms like a nose (Kottelat et al., 1993). Mas- to et al., 2016). The fish that have been caught

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http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati during this study are not endemic. Moreover, shows that the people around the Lakitan Riv- no introduced fish were found such as those er did not release alien fish species into the found in several rivers such as 2 species in the river. Kelingi River (Samitra & Rozi, 2018a). This

Table 1. Data on Number of Specimens, Species and Family of Fish in the Lakitan River Station Data Total 1 2 3 4 5 Number of Specimens 44 34 42 121 173 418 Species 6 7 11 15 16 20 Family 2 2 7 7 8 11

Ecological Aspects show that the compositions of fish species The overall results of the study in the between stations are almost the same, as evi- Lakitan River (Tabel 2), the diversity index is denced by the high evenness index value which categorized as medium (H’= 2.19). The result means the community is stable (Rappe, 2010). of categorical diversity index indicates that Based on Table 3, the fish dominance the number of fish species in the Lakitan River index at each station ranged from 0.08-0.197 is quite large because it is supported by a bal- and was categorized as low. Overall, the fish anced ecosystem. This is seen from the result dominance index in the Lakitan River is 0.13 obtained in stations 3 to 5 (Table 3), the spe- (low category), this shows that the Lakitan cies of fish caught are quite large, namely 11 River is not dominated by one particular spe- species (station 3), 15 species (station 4) and cies. This is in accordance with the statement 16 species (station 5). However, the diversity of Fikriyanti et al. (2018), where if the domi- index at station 1 (H’= 1.69) and station 2 (H’ nance index value is close to 0, few species or = 1.8) are in a low category. The low index no species dominate. This can be seen in Table value means that the number of species living 1 that there are no species with very high spe- in these two stations is small (Table 3). Di- cies composition values. The absence of dom- versity index value depends on the number of inating fish because the river is not polluted variations of species caught. If the number of which characterized by balanced ecological species caught more, the level of fish diversity conditions and contain diverse life (Purwanto in water will be even greater (Sriwidodo et al., et al., 2014). 2013; Erika et al., 2018). The results of measurements of the Overall evenness index and among sta- physical and chemical factors of the Lakitan tion in the Lakitan River > 0.9 (Table 3), so River in Table 5. Water temperature in the that it can be interpreted that the uniformity Lakitan River ranges from 27.90 - 28.80°C, between species of fish in the River Lakitan is these results are still below the temperature evenly distributed. This evidence is strength- threshold that can support fish life. The opti- ened by the results of the similarity index mum temperature for fish in tropical rivers is between stations in the Lakitan River which 24-30°C (Pankhurst & Munday, 2011). Tem- ranging from 0.65 – 0.7 (Table 4). The lowest perature changes that will significantly affect similarity index value between stations 1 and fish activity and can cause fish to die (Masjudi 5 is 0.65 and the highest similarity index value et al., 2016). between stations 4 and 5 is 0.97. These results Water pH in the Lakitan River ranges

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http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati from 7.03 - 7.56 (Table 5), this result shows Lakitan River is good so that fish can live and that the condition of the river pH is good for breed because fish can live in waters where fish life. The pH value of water that can sup- DO content is at least 5 mg/L (Tatangindatu port the life of organisms ranges from 6-9 et al., 2013). Table 5 shows that the higher the (Wahyuni & Zakaria, 2018). If the condition DO content the more fish caught. This opinion of pH is too low it will kill the organism be- was reinforced by Okyere (2018) DO increase cause a low pH can increase the solubility of will increase the diversity of fish species. heavy metals in the waters so that it is toxic to Data physical and chemical factors of aquatic organisms including fish (Kencono- water that the data obtained is still below the jati et al., 2016; Wahyuni & Zakaria, 2018). threshold for fish life. Possible differences High pH levels can increase the concentration in fish diversity at each station are nutrition, of ammonia in water which is also toxic to and fish migration (Yuanda et al., 2012; Hos- aquatic organisms (Tatangindatu et al., 2013). sain et al., 2017). Rashid et al. (2015) state Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in Lakitan several factors that cause fluctuations and re- River ranges from 8.26 - 12.3 mg/L (Table placement of species such as changes in water 5). The data shows that the water quality in speed due to high rainfall.

Table 2. Fish Composition in Lakitan River

Species Number of Local Name Species Family composition Specimens (%) Nyoloung Xenentodon canciloides Belonidae 5 0.24 Cawang Hidung Schismatorhynchos heterorhynchos Cyprinidae 32 7.73 Kapiat Barbonymus gonionotus 61 14.73 Kapiul Barbodes lateristriga 30 7.25 Kepalau Osteochilus vittatus 23 5.56 Keperas Cyclocheilichtys apogon 31 7.49 Ombut Labiobarbus fasciatus 23 5.56 Seluang Rasbora caudimaculata 18 4.35 Kebarau Hampala microlepidota 29 7.00 Seluang Rasbora dusonesis 22 5.31 Sepatung Pristolepis grooti Pristolepididae 17 4.11 Gabus Channa striata Channidae 19 4.59 Sepat Trichopodus trichopterus Belontiidae 1 0.24 Baung Pisang Bagroides melapterus Bagridae 27 6.52 Baung Hemibagrus velox 40 9.66 Jiho Kocor Pangasius micronemus Pangsiidae 10 2.42 Tapahae Kyrptopterus schilbeides Siluridae 4 0.97 Lele Clarias batrachus Clariidae 1 0.24 Tilan Mastaecembelus maculatus Mastacembelidae 8 1.93 Buntal Pao leiurus Tetraodontidae 17 4.11 Total Individu 418

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Table 3. Ecology Index in the Lakitan River Station Index 1 2 3 4 5 Average Diversity index 1.70 1.81 2.23 2.64 2.62 2.20 Evenness index 0.96 0.93 0.93 0.97 0.95 0.94 Dominance index 0.29 0.18 0.12 0.08 0.65 0.13

Table 4. Similarity Index Among Stations in the Lakitan River Station 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 0.93 3 0.81 0.82 4 0.66 0.67 0.68 5 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.97

Table 5. Average Water Quality in the Lakitan River Station Paramater 1 2 3 4 5 Temperature, oC 28.03 28.26 27.90 27.96 28.80 pH 7.56 7.03 7.33 7.50 7.76 Dissolved oxygen, mg/L 8.26 8.30 9.03 12.3 9.3

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