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The Fish Fauna in Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra

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The Fish Fauna in Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019 e-ISSN : 2541-4208 p-ISSN : 2548-1606 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati THE FISH FAUNA IN LAKITAN RIVER, MUSI RAWAS REGENCY, SOUTH SUMATRA Dian Samitra*1, Zico Fakhrur Rozi2 Received : January 30, 2019 Abstract. Fish diversity in the Lakitan River is not well recorded, even Accepted : February 24, 2019 though the data is important to add information about the diversity of freshwater fish in Indonesia. This study aims to study fish composition DOI: 10.15575/biodjati.v4i1.4097 and ecological index in the Lakitan River. The study was conducted 1,2Biology of Education, STKIP PGRI in the Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. Lubuklinggau. Jl. Mayor Toha, Kelu- The method used was the survey method. The direct sampling was rahan Air Kuti, Lubuklinggau 31626, done at 5 stations, the numbering of stations followed the direction telp. 0733-451432 of the river from upstream to downstream. The data at each station are tabulated based on species, family and order. Data analysis in- e-mail: cludes a diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, and sim- *[email protected] [email protected] ilarity index. The fish caught during the study were 418 individuals, which were identified into 20 species and 11 families. Barbonymus *Corresponding author gonionotus is the most captured species in the Lakitan River. Cypri- nidae is the most captured family (9 species). The highest diversity index was found at station 5, with the number of fish collected was 16 species. The evenness index at 5 stations showed the equivalent species distribution and stable communities. The domination index at 5 stations were at, low category. The similarity index between sta- tions in Lakitan River which ranging from 0.65 – 0.97. These results indicate that fish diversity in the Lakitan River medium biodiversity. Keywords: fish, fauna, Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Su- matera. Citation Samitra, D. & Rozi, Z. F. (2019). The Fish Fauna in Lakitan River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra. Jurnal Biodjati, 4(1), 11-20 INTRODUCTION itan River have been reduced and some spe- cies have rarely been caught. Decreasing fish The Lakitan River is one of the rivers populations in the Lakitan River due to over- in South Sumatra Province of Indonesia. It fishing. In addition, several results of the study flows 1.113 KM2 from Bengkulu Province statethat a decrease fish is caused by damage as upstream and empties into the Musi Riv- to the environment and human activities (Hos- er (Emilia et al., 2013; Badan Pusat Statistik sain et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018). Lack of in- Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2019). The Lak- formation and knowledge related to the fish in itan River has been built by The Lakitan Dam the river makes people less concerned about (Berita Satu, 2015). maintaining habitat and fish populations. Information from respondents stated that Information about the fish in the waters over the past 5 years fish catches in the Lak- is very necessary due to the fish population Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati changes from time to time (Purwanto et al., diversity of freshwater fish. The aims of this 2014). Study on fish diversity in several riv- study to asses the fish composition and eco- ers of South Sumatra Province has been con- logical aspect the Lakitan River. ducted such as in the Musi River, Palembang (Eddy, 2013) and research on fish diversity MATERIALS AND METHODS in the Kelingi River Lubuklinggau and Musi Rawas (Samitra & Rozi, 2018a; Samitra, et Site Study al., 2018). Samitra & Rozi (2018b) have been The study was conducted in the Lakitan conducted research at the Lakitan Dam locat- River, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra ed in the Lakitan River. However, informa- Province, from January to May 2018. The tion about fish diversity in the Lakitan River coordinates and map location of the study in is still limited. Research in the Lakitan River Figure 1. is important to add information regarding the Figure 1. Research Location in the Lakitan River (Arcgis 10.2) Samitra & Rozi 12 Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati Sampling Methods Data Analysis The tools used in sampling are GPS, Fish data at each station ware tabulat- pH, DO meter, thermometer, cast net 1/2 inch ed based on species, family, and order. Data for small fish and 1 1/2 inch for big fish, dikes, analysis includes a diversity index, evenness stationery, ruler, spuit 3 ml and digital camer- index, dominance index, and similarity index. as. The materials needed are plastic bags, la- The calculation of diversity index aimed to bel paper and 4% formalin. The survey meth- determine diversity in a community (Pratami od was used in this research. Direct sampling et al., 2018). was carried out at 5 stations, selected by the Diversity index is calculated using the purposive sampling station based on safety Shannon-Wienner (Hossain et al., 2017; Guo considerations and water conditions. The sta- et al., 2018). tion numbering based on the direction of the river from upstream to downstream (Samitra H’= - ∑ (n1/N) x ln (n1/N) & Rozi, 2018a). Before taken the sample, Where H’ = diversity index, n1 = number of measurements of abiotic factor data in the type i individuals, N = number of individuals Lakitan River included: water temperature, of all types. The criteria for diversity index pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Sampling are as follows: H’≤ 2.0 low category, 2.0< H’ in each station is done three times. Samples ≤ 3.0 is a medium category and H’ ≥ 3.0 is a were obtained using scatter and dikes. Fish high category (Rappe, 2010). caught photographed using a digital camera, Evenness index shows the evenness pat- then samples are preserved and put into plas- tern of distribution of biota, (Rahman & Muji- tic bags containing 4% formalin and labeled. yanto, 2013). The uniformity index value (E) Specifically for the large or thick-bodied fish using the Pielou evenness index (Hossain et samples, the formalin needs to be injected al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018). through anal (Hadiaty, 2011). The fish sam- ples obtained were then taken to the STKIP E=H’/lnS PGRI Lubuklinggau Biology Education labo- Where, E = evenness index type, H’ = index ratory to be identified. of diversity and S = Number of types found. If the value of evenness index approaches 0, it Laboratory Activities can be interpreted that there is a tendency for Bottle collection and trays are tools used dominance of certain species in the ecosys- in laboratory activities. The material used is tem/community, and if the value approaches tap water and 70% alcohol. Fish samples were 1 then the ecosystem/community is in a rela- removed from formalin plastic bags and then tively stable condition and the spread of spe- soaked in water for several hours. The fish cies is evenly distributed (Rahman & Muji- samples were sorted morphologically and put yanto, 2013). into a collection bottle containing 70% alco- Dominance index is calculated using hols (Hadiaty, 2011). Identification activities the Simpson dominance index (Hossain et al., were carried out in a laboratory based on Kot- 2017; Guo et al., 2018). telat et al. (1993), Iqbal (2011) and Sukmono & Margaretha (2017). C= ∑ (ni/N) Where C = dominance index, ni = number of individual species i, N = total number of indi- Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20 May 2019 13 Jurnal Biodjati 4(1):11-20, May 2019 http://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/biodjati viduals of all species. The dominance index it is reasonable that this family dominates in criteria are as follows: 0.00 <C ≤0.5 low cate- some catches (Kottelat et al., 1993; Adis et al., gory, 0.5> C ≤0.75 medium category and 0.75 2017; Wahyuni & Zakaria, 2018). <C ≤1 high category (Rappe, 2010). Type The species of Cyprinidae that most similarity index is used to determine the level commonly caught in the Lakitan River is Bar- of similarity of fish between 2 communities. bonymus gonionotus (61 specimens). These The similarity index value is calculat- fish can dominate because they are able to ed using the similarity Jaccard index (Negi & adapt well and can become herbivores when Mamgain, 2013). the availability of plankton, water insects and benthos (Froese & Pauly, 2018). The num- CJ= j/(a+b-j) ber of Barbonymus gonionotus caught in the Where Cj: Similarity between any two zones Lakitan River is more than one which caught a and; -j: Number of species common to both in the Lakitan Dam (38 specimens) (Samitra zones a and b; a: number. of species at zone & Rozi, 2018b). This difference is due to the a; b: no. of species at zone b. If Cj is 1, it can sampling point, the present study in the Lak- be interpreted that there is complete similarity itan River used 5 stations while the study at whereas 0 is complete dissimilarity. the Lakitan Dam was only used 1 station. The number of Barbonymus gonionotus caught is RESULTS AND DISCUSSION similar to some of the results from the previ- ous studies, such as in the Kelingi River (Sam- Fish Composition itra & Rozi, 2018a; Samitra et al., 2018) and A total of 418 fish belonging to 20 spe- many were caught during rainy season in the cies and 11 families obtained. Cyprinidae is a Bengawan Solo River (Adjie & Utomo, 2010). family that dominates the catch on the Lakitan Bagridae is the second most common River. Station 5 is the most found location of family found in the Lakitan River.
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