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1/1 GEOMATE Journal Review and Evaluation

Submission Date 2017-12-07 11:02:11

Paper ID number 18652-Dinar

Paper Title INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING i. Originality 3 ii. Quality 2 iii. Relevance 3 iv. Presentation 2 v. Recommendation 4

Total (sum of i to v) 14

General comments It is noted that the research objective is clear while the investigation method is sound, although the abstract was not well written. Great effort required to conduct such a research. Reasonable discussions and presentation of figures and tables can also be found throughout the paper.

Although English is not their first language, I can feel that this paper still need much work to improve English writings.

The author is required to resubmit an improved version with respect to Abstract, Conclusion and English grammar. There are many big mistakes in grammar which I cannot approve acceptance at this stage.

I can recommend acceptance of the paper, provided that the paper has been further revised.

Find attached the file for the changes required.

Mandatory changes It is noted that the research objective is clear while the investigation method is sound, although the abstract was not well written. Great effort required to conduct such a research. Reasonable discussions and presentation of figures and tables can also be found throughout the paper.

Although English is not their first language, I can feel that this paper still need much work to improve English writings.

I can recommend acceptance of the paper, provided that the paper has been further revised.

Find attached the file for the changes required.

Upload file (if any) reviewed 18652-Dinar.pdf GEOMATE Journal Review and Evaluation

Submission Date 2017-12-11 10:42:41

Paper ID number 18652-2

Paper Title INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING i. Originality 3 ii. Quality 3 iii. Relevance 5 iv. Presentation 3 v. Recommendation 5

Total (sum of i to v) 19

General comments This paper can be accepted with the following changes.

Mandatory changes 1. Abstract: Rewrite in concise form. Add some results and conclusions in abstract 2. Introduction: Add more references in introduction 3. Conclusions: Add more results in conclusions 4. List of references: Follow template

Reviewer's E-mail (Remove before sendiing to author) International Journal of GEOMATE, Month,Year, Vol (Issue), pp. 000-000 Geotec., Const. Mat. & Env., ISSN:2186-2990, Japan, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/YourID

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4 Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 00 Nov. 2017, Accepted: 00 Dec. 2017

ABSTRACT:The rapid growth of industry and urbanization has accelerated the transfer of land functions in urban areas. The impact of the land use change has changed the drainage patterns in the existing sub-basin area. The main effects of changes in drainage patterns are flooding and puddles as a result of excessive runoff. Run-off problems with flood peak and inundation characteristics, in addition to being influenced by several factors as mentioned above are also influenced by the influence of tides, sedimentation and river flow pollutants from upstream and other small rivers in the area. However, the connection between water management and spatial planning systems is one of the important keys that must be done. On the basis of this, an analysis of hydrotopographic conditions, type of land cover, duration and time of rain, tidal height, was modeled using spatial analysis, in order to support decision-making for spatial and water management. The use of the duflow model is used to calculate the extent of runoff and flood flow tracking in rivers [1]. The inundation distribution occurring in the sub-river system is obtained by combining the results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial analysis. Patung Raya Metropolitan Area, is a National Strategic Plan that will be realized as a new Metropolitan City of Palembang, Betung, and Inderalaya. Hydrologically, the Patung Raya Metropolitan City Plan haved Lambidaro sub chatment with high critical level, because if the rain is more than one hour, the puddle height reaches 1.5 - 2.5 m above means sea level.

Keywords: Flooding and Puddles, Run-off, Water Management, Inundation, Spatial Planning

1. INTRODUCTION and spatial planning is one of the important keys that must be done if they want to play a role in Changes land use in some areas of the city in reducing the danger of flooding. However, in Indonesia is so fast, due to rapid urbanization and reality in every spatial arrangement, the two industrial development. These changes are almost systems, namely spatial planning and water entirely done by reclamation of swamps, the management are never done together. On this basis, utilization of river banks, and conversion of forest an analysis of hydrotopographic conditions, type land and agricultural land. The impact of changes of land cover, duration and time of rain, tidal in land use has changed the patterns of water height, are modelled using spatial analysis, in drainage in sub-basin areas that exist in urban order to support decision-making for spatial areas. The main effects of changes in drainage management and water management. patterns are flooding and puddles as a result of excessive runoff [2]. . 2. CITY DEVELOPMENT AND FLOOD Human activities have a very significant impact PROBLEM on water quantity, water quality and aquatic ecology. As a result, the dangers of flooding, Similar to the development of several regions household and industrial waste, which, after in Indonesia, the province of South Sumatra has accumulating for a long time, are unlikely to return the development of cities that are very significant. to normal or require enormous costs for recovery. It can be seen from the population growth which Run-off problems with peak flood and averagely reached 2.13% with the population of inundation characteristics are influenced by several 7,446,401 in 2010 [2] of which , 1,452,840 are in factors, such as urbanization, unsuitable landfill, Palembang (19.5%). If the average population tidal effects, as well as sedimentation and river- growth in South Sumatera remains at 2.13%, then flow pollutants from upstream areas and other it is estimated that in 2030, the population in South small rivers that form the sub-watersheds in the Sumatera province will reach 317,216,683 people area. and 42.6% will be in Palembang City. Flow management capability, run-off With such a large population growth, there will mitigation, infiltration and water quality all have be concentration of population in big cities in relevance to land use conditions. However, the South Sumatera Province especially in Palembang connection between the water management system City, which will cause expansion of land use for

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

various urban activities. The expansion that will analysis by simulation to determine the flood change the various functions of the "water park" discharge of each return period, which finally can land, is transformed into a wake-up land, be used to determine the appropriate drainage irrespective of the watershed ecosystem. system in the area [3]. Thus a specific approach Based on data from BMKG (2010), the highest through more useful and accurate techniques is rainfall in South Sumatera Province is 18 - < 34.87 necessary. Transforming data into a Geographic mm / day and the peak rainfall in November, and Information System using Multi criteria Spatial the lowest rainfall <18 mm / day, occurs every Analysis in decision making [4] can be used as a May-August. Surface water is difficult to predict policy combination solution and technical, and its spread in space and time. While the observation also as a model in presenting the watershed system of discharge is done using AWLR in environmental conditions for better data quality several locations along the river, many of which and analysis [5]. are not functioning properly. This has caused many problems to predict the occurrence of peak flood 2.1 Case Study and areas that will occur. In October (2016), the city of Lubuk Linggau, and several sub-districts in Palembang Raya Metropolitan Area (Patung Musi Rawas district have experienced floods, the Raya), is a National Strategic Plan that will be city of Sekayu and several sub-districts in Musi implemented as a new Metropolitan City of Banyuasin regency in September (2016), Palembang Raya [6]. The new metropolitan area of Inderalaya city and several subdistricts in Ogan Ilir Patung Raya covers Palembang, Betung, and Regency (October, 2016 ), Kayu Agung city and Indralaya city. several sub-districts in Ogan Komering Ilir Hydrologically, the Patung Raya Metropolitan regency, Pangkalan Balai City and several City Plan is located in four sub-basins, namely subdistricts in Banyuasin regency, and Palembang Komering Sub-basin (9,199.916 Km2), Ogan sub- City itself always experiences flood every rain basin (9,415.88 km2), Batang Peledas sub-basin with high intensity. (848,898 km2) and Musi part of downstreem Efforts to control floods have been undertaken (2.258,154 km2) and the four are located in the by several cities that often experience floods every territory of the Musi River Basin [7]. The quality year. In Jakarta City by building a flood canal and of the condition of the four sub-basins is in critical make a hole biopore. In Semarang City, by condition (51.6%), somewhat critical (27.65%), building a polder system. But all of them have not and only 4.98% non-critical [8]. The most yet shown that the problem of annual floods can widespread area of critical condition is Ogan sub be overcome. All flood control systems, must Basin (76.56%), second critical condition is Musi depart from existing watershed ecosystem part of downstreem sub-basin (56.64%) and conditions. From these conditions, It requires new Komering sub basin up to 46.35% (Figures 1).

(a)

(b)

Fig.1 (a) Sub-basin area of metropolitan Patung Raya plan; (b) Lambidaro sub basin at Musi downstreem sub basin area

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3. METHODOLOGY calculation of each segment / cross section will be obtained some hydraulic parameters such as flood To anticipate the amount of runoff water, due water level, water flow rate, channel flow and to inappropriate land allocation, multicriteria water level in river and channel. analysis is needed in every decision of land The inundation distribution occurring in the allocation. Land Allocation Management System sub-river system is obtained by combining the (SIMAL) is a watershed analysis system results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial developed using GIS or Geographic Information analysis. The water level in the river and the System (GIS) using land use change parameters, channel is interpolated to obtain the distribution of morphometry and hydrometry of DAS [9]. water level in the selected river sub system. Then the distribution of water level is arranged with 3.1 Research Site topographic condition of river sub system in the form of DEM 5m x 5m so as to obtain the As a study material is to explain the effect of distribution of classified high pools that occur in surface runoff on land use change, the location of each selected river sub-system with 25th the study is the Lambidaro sub-basin (Figure 1b), anniversary period. which is one of 16 sub-basins that form the With several scenarios of land use change it drainage system of Palembang and discharges into can be seen how much the changes in inundation the Musi River, through the city of Palembang. height due to land use change in the selected sub- With an area of 65.42 Km2. system. This scenario is used as a way to see the condition of sub-system of river which in turn will 3.2 Research Data influence the pattern of river environmental control that will be done. The first scenario is to change The data used in this research are river the type of land use so that the value of C tends to hydrometry data, longitudinal cross section (l) and decrease which becomes an indicator of the river cross (b), river slope (ls) and area (A) and condition of the river sub system becomes better. density (r). While spot height data and land use are The second scenario by changing the type of land needed to analyze the infiltration coefficient (c) use so that the value of C tends to increase, this and time concentration (tc). And the ever-changing condition can explain that a river sub system has a dynamic data is the rainfall data (R) needed to condition that is considered to be disturbed. calculate the rain intensity (I) in each sub- watershed. Environmental Condition of sub basin 3.3 Research Methods

The method used in this research is using Hydrological Modeling Hydraulic Modeling (Rainfall, runoff) with multiple hydrology model and Geographic Information scenarios System (GIS). The hydrological model used is to use HEC-HMS, while the hydrodynamic model used to calculate the amount of runoff that occurs GIS analysis, Land Modeling Duflow- Allocation Management ArcGIS Flood is with Duflow which will also be used to track System (SIMAL) Mapping and Puddle flood flow in rivers [9]. Hydrodynamic analysis was performed on selected river sub-systems that have been obtained Fig. 2 Flow Chart of research methods from the results of cluster analysis. This analysis utilizes the 1D (Duflow) non-steady flow model 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION with the maximum rainfall intensity conditions of the 25th anniversary period of the previous 4.1 Correlation Between Surface Run-off with hydrological analysis results as well as the results Morphometric Characteristic Variable of tidal observation forecasting at the sub-systems of selected river sub-systems. The first stage in This correlation is analyzed to address the hydrodynamic analysis by establishing a scheme problem of spatial relationships between land use of hydrodynamic network in sub watershed and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the adapted to the results through terrain morphology extent of surface runoff. The strong correlation and terrain processing analysis on ARCGIS-ARC between independent variables (characteristic of Hydro and field conditions, then incorporating the sub-basin morphometry) and dependent variable of dimensions of water structure, cross section, runoff (Q), is seen through Pearson correlation boundary conditions (tidal, rain Results of value. Correlation values range from -1,000 to hydrological analysis) and flow discharge. After 1,000. The value of -1.000 shows a very strong but

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

negative correlation, while the value of 1,000 an area of 65.25 km2 is a sub watershed which has indicates a very strong correlation / very closely different morphometric characteristics with other directed positively. sub watersheds. Based on the drainage pattern it is The results of the analysis (at 99% confidence divided into two sub-watersheds namely part of level) obtained the correlation value between left Lambidaro Sub-watershed and part of right variables very high runoff (Q) ranges from 0.849 Lambidaro sub-watershed which leads to the Musi to 0.999 with variable length of river order (x1), river. The morphometric characteristics of the river length (x2), watershed (x3), roving watershed Lambidaro watershed are shown in Figure 3. Land (x4) , average Rb (x5), Flow density (x6), Texture utilization in the Lambidaro sub-basin is ratio (x8), Roughness number Rn (x10). dominated by shrubs, trees, fields and forests This means that there is a strongly significant ranging from 72%, settlements ranging from relationship between runoff and long river order, 4.74% to potentially changing land use, such as for river length, basin area, perimeter watershed, settlement development. Settlement construction average Rb, flow density, texture ratio, roughness mainly occurs in right Lambidaro sub-watershed number Rn. While the value of strong correlation close to the main road / outer shaft of Palembang is seen between runoff with Tc concentration time City (Musi dua bridge). At part of left Lambidaro of 0.629. This means at a significance level of 5% sub basin is dominated by bushes and swamps. or a 95% confidence level, there is a strong The sub-watershed of Lambidaro river has varying relationship between runoff and concentration time altitude less than 10 m msl in estuary area up to 36 (Tc). The correlation value is strong enough at flow m in upstream area. The percentage of the slope is frequency (x7), relief (x9) and green area (forest, dominated by 0-3% and more than 8% with a tree, shrub, yard / yard, rice field, field, garden) maximum height of 36 msl in the upstream area. (x14). Low correlation value between runoff and River conditions are still natural, especially in part variable flow coefficient C (x12) of 0.319 with of left Lambidaro, while some rivers in part of significant level and negative correlation of 0.234 right Lambidaro sub basin have been normalized for variable circularity ratio Rc (x13). by cliff reinforcement. With the condition of land use, slope, flow 4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub Basin density and soil type, the range of runoff coefficient in Lambidaro sub-basin shows the As an example of frequent inundation in the runoff coefficient value of 0.66. This means that Lambidaro sub-basin especially in the downstream 34% of the total rainfall falls on the Lambidaro area and around the floodplain, during the rainy river sub-basin can still be infiltrated (see Figure 3). season and high tides. Lambidaro sub basin with

Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area

Legend Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub basin

4.3 Hydrodynamic model of Lambidaro extraction with flow patterns that resulted in sub- watershed basin and drainage line boundaries to illustrate runoff on the floodwaters constructed first (Fig. 4). The simulation of the Duflow-ArcGIS model The Lambidaro sub-basin network scheme was was conducted on the Lambidaro watershed. built by entering the cross-profile data as well as Schematic of the water system based on DEM extending the channels per segment based on the

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

measurement results in the field. Channel width sub basin, and interpolated by the Arc GIS ranges from 11 - 18 m. The boundary conditions procedure to obtain the inundation distribution that for the Duflow model consist of upper boundary will occur for the 25 year anniversary scenario. conditions such as runoff from upstream The results of the analysis of the distribution of Lambidaro watershed and downstream boundary inundation of Lambidaro sub-basin were classified conditions, such as water levels at the mouth of the into six classifications, namely: (1) unlogged areas, Lambidaro river. The rainfall hydrology parameter (2) flooded with altitude less than 0.25 m, (3) was taken from the analysis of the distribution of altitude 0.25 - 0.5 m, (4 ) Altitude of 0.5-0.75 m, (5) maximum daily rainfall by Gumbell method for a altitude of 0.75-1 m and (6) heights of more than 1 25-year period of 163 mm / day. The weighted C m. Result of hydrodynamic modeling using values of each Lambidaro sub-basin were Duflow model followed by analysis of inundation calculated from the results of spatial analysis of distribution that will occur with 25 year period land use, slope, soil type and flow density per sub- return scenario seen as in Fig. 4d. The flooded watershed as shown in Fig. 4b. Water level in areas of the Lambidaro sub-basin are the areas of certain segments of drainage network of flow accumulation and from field observations are Lambidaro watershed is shown in Figure 4c. The low areas with a slope of 0-3% with the type of results of the hydrodynamic modeling, the existing land use in swamp dominance. The calibration of conditions of the Lambidaro sub watershed were this model is shown by the high suitability of approached with a 25-year return period scenario. inundation that occurs in the field with R2= 0.869. The water level on each segment is then transformed into the DEM sub of the Lambidaro

(a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub basin (b) Scematic of Duflow model for Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation and inundated distribution

Legend Not Inundated High of inundated

Fig. 4 Drainage network flood simulation of Lambidaro sub basin: (a) Chatment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub basin (b) Scematic and drainage network; (c) distribution of inundation due to land use change; (d) the puddle area is assembled with flow accumulation

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

The influence of inundation in the upper 1854.5 ha, middle 380.5 ha and downstream 131.1 Lambidaro watershed is 756.81 ha, 2821,6 ha and ha. The distribution of inundation stacked with downstream 513,23 ha. As for the part of left Lambidaro sub-basin can be seen in Figure 5. Lambidaro sub-watershed, upstream area of

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5 m msl

Legend Weeds Bushes Lake/swamps Forest influence of inundation Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

4.4 Land use change scenarios occur in Lambidaro sub basin. Land use change scenario is made as many as 5 scenarios, namely : Zoning scenario to see the effect of land use change on the inundation distribution that will

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

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(1) The first scenario by changing the type of land 7. REFERENCE use area that is still possible to be converted into green area (urban forest, park) so it can [1]Veena Srinivasan,Steven M. Gorelick, and decrease the value of C. Lawrence Goulder, Sustainable urban water (2) The second scenario by changing the type of supply in south India: Desalination, efficiency land utilization of Lambidaro sub-basin of the improvement, or rainwater harvesting, Water right section that may still be converted into a Resour. Res.46, W10504, oi:10.1029/2009 settlement (see the current city development) 2010. resulting in an increase in the value of C. (3) The third scenario similar to the first scenario [2]Flood modeling for mitigation and management is only done on the part of left Lambidaro sub of drainage system of Palembang city, basin. Research report, LPPM-UNSRI, 2008, 1-6 (4) The fourth scenario is the same as the second [4] Bana E, Costa CA, Da Silva PA, Nunes scenario only done on the part of left Correia F Multicriteria Evaluation of Flood Lambidaro sub basin. Control Measures: The Case of Ribeirado (5) The fifth scenario by changing land use with Livramento. Water Resour Manag, 2004,18 different C values ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 (21): 263–283

Some of the effects of land use change [5] SA Hamim, F Sjarkowi, Dinar DA Putranto, scenarios on upstream, mid and downstream sub Totok G, Model control of river sub-system watersheds by minimizing and increasing the value environment in management of drainage of the runoff coefficient C per sub-watershed were system of Palembang City, Disertation, Doctor done to reduce and increase the inundation shown of Environmental science, post graduate in Fig. 6. program University of Sriwijaya, 2013 , pV 4- 16 5. CONCLUSION [6] Government Regulation no. 26, The National Spatial Plan, The secretariat of the Republic of (1) Drainage capacity of Lambidaro River Indonesia, 2008 averaging 14.25 m3 / s, is unable to flow water discharge 25 year return period of [7] Puspics-UGM “Preparation of Integrated Musi 52,43 m3 / s River Basin Management Plan", Musi River (2) The flood discharge of the 25-year return Basin Management Area, Research Report, period resulted in 609.01 hectares or about 2013, 77-80 1.1% of the total Lambidaro river sub basin. [8] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, and Yuono The duration of the puddle varied from 3 AL,“Digital field model for rainfall-runoff hours to 59 hours with a puddle height modeling of sedimentation analysis regionally between 0.01 m from the elevation of the left in the Mus basini”, research report, University bank of the river +2, 5 m to 1.80 m from the of Sriwijaya, 2015 river right bank elevation + 1.5m [9] Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional 6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year 2016-2036, 2016, p III 1-6 Acknowledgments are submitted to the Directorate of Research and Community Service, Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education, for the support of Research Grants Higher Education Copyright © Int. J. of GEOMATE. All rights reserved, grants for the period of study 2016-2018. including the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

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International Journal of GEOMATE, Month,Year, Vol (Issue), pp. 000-000 Geotec., Const. Mat. & Env., ISSN:2186-2990, Japan, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/YourID

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4 Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 00 Nov. 2017, Accepted: 00 Dec. 2017

ABSTRACT: The rapid growth of industry and urbanization has accelerated the transfer of land functions in urban areas. These changes are mostly done by reclamation of swamps, riparian land use, agriculture and forest land conversion. The main effects of changes in drainage patterns are flooding and puddles as a result of excessive runoff. Run-off problems with the characteristics of flood peaks and inundation, in addition to being influenced by several factors as above are also influenced by the influence of tides, sedimentation and river flow pollutants from upstream and other small rivers which forms a sub-watershed in the area. The ability to manage surface flow, run-off mitigation, infiltration and water quality all have a connection with spatial planning. But in reality in every spatial arrangement, the two systems, namely spatial management and water management are never done together. On the basis of this, it is necessary to analyze the conditions of the watershed hydrometry, the type of land cover, the duration and the time of rain, the tidal height, which is modeled spatially, in order to support in decision making for spatial management and water management. Palembang Metropolitan City is one of the major cities on the island of Sumatra, which is regionally included in the Musi Watershed area. Hydrologically Palembang City is located at the mouth of the Musi river, with an altitude of less than 20 m above the mean sea level. When the maximum rainfall in the Watershed Area, Palembang City will be affected, where runoff on the sub-watershed in Palembang city can not be channeled the main channel through Palembang City, due to the tide of Musi river water. This study aims to show the relationship between watershed hydrometry, land use change management, rain intensity, and tidal influences on the watershed area, with various scenarios that will affect the runoff discharge and distribution of inundation that occur in the watershed area. Taking a case study of the Lambidaro sub-basin, in the Palembang city area, all sub-basin parameters that have been tested and are modeled by a duflow to calculate the extent of runoff and flood flow tracking in the river. The inundation distribution occurring in the sub watershed was obtained by combining the results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial analysis. Based on the results obtained it is concluded that there is a strong spatial relationship between land use and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the extent of surface runoff.

Keywords: Land Use Change, flooding and pudles, Run-off, spatial Management

1. INTRODUCTION factors, such as urbanization, unsuitable landfill, tidal effects, as well as sedimentation and river- Changes land use in some areas of the city in flow pollutants from upstream areas and other Indonesia is so fast, due to rapid urbanization and small rivers that form the sub-watersheds in the industrial development. These changes are almost area [2]. entirely done by reclamation of swamps, the Flow management capability, run-off utilization of river banks, and conversion of forest mitigation, infiltration and water quality all have land and agricultural land. The impact of changes relevance to land use conditions. However, the in land use has changed the patterns of water connection between the water management system drainage in sub-basin areas that exist in urban and spatial planning is one of the important keys areas. The main effects of changes in drainage that must be done if they want to play a role in patterns are flooding and puddles as a result of reducing the danger of flooding. However, in excessive runoff [1]. . reality in every spatial arrangement, the two Human activities have a very significant impact systems, namely spatial planning and water on water quantity, water quality and aquatic management are never done together. On this ecology. As a result, the dangers of flooding, basis, an analysis of hydrotopographic conditions, household and industrial waste, which, after type of land cover, duration and time of rain, tidal accumulating for a long time, are unlikely to return height, are modelled using spatial analysis, in to normal or require enormous costs for recovery. order to support decision-making for spatial Run-off problems with peak flood and management and water management [3]. inundation characteristics are influenced by several

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

2. CITY DEVELOPMENT AND FLOOD Information System using Multi criteria Spatial PROBLEM IN SOUTH SUMATERA AREA Analysis in decision making [6] can be used as a policy combination solution and technical, and Similar to the development of several regions also as a model in presenting the watershed in Indonesia, the province of South Sumatra has environmental conditions for better data quality the development of cities that are very significant. and analysis [7]. It can be seen from the population growth which averagely reached 2.13% with the population of 2.1 Case Study 7,446,401 in 2010 [4] of which , 1,452,840 are in Palembang (19.5%). If the average population As an example of frequent inundation in the growth in South Sumatera remains at 2.13%, then Lambidaro sub-basin especially in the downstream it is estimated that in 2030, the population in South area and around the floodplain, during the rainy Sumatera province will reach 317,216,683 people season and high tides. Lambidaro sub basin with and 42.6% will be in Palembang City. an area of 65.25 km2 is a sub watershed which has With such a large population growth, there will different morphometric characteristics with other be concentration of population in big cities in sub watersheds. Based on the drainage pattern it is South Sumatera Province especially in Palembang divided into two sub-watersheds namely part of City, which will cause expansion of land use for left Lambidaro Sub-watershed and part of right various urban activities. The expansion that will Lambidaro sub-watershed which leads to the Musi change the various functions of the "water park" river. land, is transformed into a wake-up land, irrespective of the watershed ecosystem. Based on data from BMKG (2010), the highest rainfall in South Sumatera Province is 18 - < 34.87 mm / day and the peak rainfall in November, and the lowest rainfall <18 mm / day, occurs every May-August. Surface water is difficult to predict its spread in space and time. While the observation system of discharge is done using AWLR in several locations along the river, many of which are not functioning properly. This has caused many problems to predict the occurrence of peak flood and areas that will occur. In October (2016), the city of Lubuk Linggau, and several sub-districts in Musi Rawas district have experienced floods, the city of Sekayu and several sub-districts in Musi Fig.1 Lambidaro sub basin at Musi downstreem Banyuasin regency in September (2016), sub basin area Inderalaya city and several subdistricts in Ogan Ilir Regency (October, 2016 ), Kayu Agung city and 3. METHODOLOGY several sub-districts in Ogan Komering Ilir regency, Pangkalan Balai City and several To anticipate the amount of runoff water, due subdistricts in Banyuasin regency, and Palembang to inappropriate land allocation, multicriteria City itself always experiences flood every rain analysis is needed in every decision of land with high intensity. allocation. Land Allocation Management System Efforts to control floods have been undertaken (SIMAL) is a watershed analysis system by several cities that often experience floods every developed using GIS or Geographic Information year. In Jakarta City by building a flood canal and System (GIS) using land use change parameters, make a hole biopore. In Semarang City, by morphometry and hydrometry of DAS [8]. building a polder system. But all of them have not yet shown that the problem of annual floods can 3.1 Research Site be overcome. All flood control systems, must depart from existing watershed ecosystem As a study material is to explain the effect of conditions. From these conditions, It requires new surface runoff on land use change, the location of analysis by simulation to determine the flood the study is the Lambidaro sub-basin (Figure 1), discharge of each return period, which finally can which is one of 16 sub-basins that form the be used to determine the appropriate drainage drainage system of Palembang and discharges into system in the area [5]. Thus a specific approach the Musi River, through the city of Palembang. through more useful and accurate techniques is With an area of 65.42 Km2. necessary. Transforming data into a Geographic

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

3.2 Research Data influence the pattern of river environmental control that will be done. The first scenario is to change The data used in this research are river the type of land use so that the value of C tends to hydrometry data, longitudinal cross section (l) and decrease which becomes an indicator of the river cross (b), river slope (ls) and area (A) and condition of the river sub system becomes better. density (r). While spot height data and land use are The second scenario by changing the type of land needed to analyze the infiltration coefficient (c) use so that the value of C tends to increase, this and time concentration (tc). And the ever-changing condition can explain that a river sub system has a dynamic data is the rainfall data (R) needed to condition that is considered to be disturbed. calculate the rain intensity (I) in each sub- watershed. Environmental Condition of sub basin

3.3 Research Methods Hydrological Modeling Hydraulic Modeling The method used in this research is using (Rainfall, runoff) with multiple hydrology model and Geographic Information scenarios System (GIS). The hydrological model used is to use HEC-HMS, while the hydrodynamic model GIS analysis, Land Modeling Duflow- used to calculate the amount of runoff that occurs Allocation Management ArcGIS Flood is with Duflow which will also be used to track System (SIMAL) Mapping and Puddle flood flow in rivers [9]. Hydrodynamic analysis was performed on selected river sub-systems that have been obtained Fig. 2 Flow Chart of research methods from the results of cluster analysis. This analysis utilizes the 1D (Duflow) non-steady flow model 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION with the maximum rainfall intensity conditions of the 25th anniversary period of the previous 4.1 Correlation Between Surface Run-off with hydrological analysis results as well as the results Morphometric Characteristic Variable of tidal observation forecasting at the sub-systems of selected river sub-systems. The first stage in This correlation is analyzed to address the hydrodynamic analysis by establishing a scheme problem of spatial relationships between land use of hydrodynamic network in sub watershed and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the adapted to the results through terrain morphology extent of surface runoff. The strong correlation and terrain processing analysis on ARCGIS-ARC between independent variables (characteristic of Hydro and field conditions, then incorporating the sub-basin morphometry) and dependent variable of dimensions of water structure, cross section, runoff (Q), is seen through Pearson correlation boundary conditions (tidal, rain Results of value. Correlation values range from -1,000 to hydrological analysis) and flow discharge. After 1,000. The value of -1.000 shows a very strong but calculation of each segment / cross section will be negative correlation, while the value of 1,000 obtained some hydraulic parameters such as flood indicates a very strong correlation / very closely water level, water flow rate, channel flow and directed positively. water level in river and channel. The results of the analysis (at 99% confidence The inundation distribution occurring in the level) obtained the correlation value between sub-river system is obtained by combining the variables very high runoff (Q) ranges from 0.849 results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial to 0.999 with variable length of river order (x1), analysis. The water level in the river and the river length (x2), watershed (x3), roving watershed channel is interpolated to obtain the distribution of (x4) , average Rb (x5), Flow density (x6), Texture water level in the selected river sub system. Then ratio (x8), Roughness number Rn (x10). the distribution of water level is arranged with This means that there is a strongly significant topographic condition of river sub system in the relationship between runoff and long river order, form of DEM 5m x 5m so as to obtain the river length, basin area, perimeter watershed, distribution of classified high pools that occur in average Rb, flow density, texture ratio, roughness each selected river sub-system with 25th number Rn. While the value of strong correlation anniversary period. is seen between runoff with Tc concentration time With several scenarios of land use change it of 0.629. This means at a significance level of 5% can be seen how much the changes in inundation or a 95% confidence level, there is a strong height due to land use change in the selected sub- relationship between runoff and concentration time system. This scenario is used as a way to see the (Tc). The correlation value is strong enough at flow condition of sub-system of river which in turn will frequency (x7), relief (x9) and green area (forest,

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

tree, shrub, yard / yard, rice field, field, garden) sub basin is dominated by bushes and swamps. (x14). Low correlation value between runoff and The sub-watershed of Lambidaro river has varying variable flow coefficient C (x12) of 0.319 with altitude less than 10 m msl in estuary area up to 36 significant level and negative correlation of 0.234 m in upstream area. The percentage of the slope is for variable circularity ratio Rc (x13). dominated by 0-3% and more than 8% with a maximum height of 36 msl in the upstream area. 4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub Basin River conditions are still natural, especially in part of left Lambidaro, while some rivers in part of The morphometric characteristics of the right Lambidaro sub basin have been normalized Lambidaro watershed are shown in Figure 3. Land by cliff reinforcement. utilization in the Lambidaro sub-basin is With the condition of land use, slope, flow dominated by shrubs, trees, fields and forests density and soil type, the range of runoff ranging from 72%, settlements ranging from coefficient in Lambidaro sub-basin shows the 4.74% to potentially changing land use, such as for runoff coefficient value of 0.66. This means that settlement development. Settlement construction 34% of the total rainfall falls on the Lambidaro mainly occurs in right Lambidaro sub-watershed river sub-basin can still be infiltrated (see Figure 3). close to the main road / outer shaft of Palembang City (Musi dua bridge). At part of left Lambidaro

Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area

Legend Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub basin

4.3 Hydrodynamic model of Lambidaro 25-year period of 163 mm / day. The weighted C watershed values of each Lambidaro sub-basin were calculated from the results of spatial analysis of The simulation of the Duflow-ArcGIS model land use, slope, soil type and flow density per sub- was conducted on the Lambidaro watershed. watershed as shown in Fig. 4b. Water level in Schematic of the water system based on DEM certain segments of drainage network of extraction with flow patterns that resulted in sub- Lambidaro watershed is shown in Figure 4c. The basin and drainage line boundaries to illustrate results of the hydrodynamic modeling, the existing runoff on the floodwaters constructed first (Fig. 4). conditions of the Lambidaro sub watershed were The Lambidaro sub-basin network scheme was approached with a 25-year return period scenario. built by entering the cross-profile data as well as The water level on each segment is then extending the channels per segment based on the transformed into the DEM sub of the Lambidaro measurement results in the field. Channel width sub basin, and interpolated by the Arc GIS ranges from 11 - 18 m. The boundary conditions procedure to obtain the inundation distribution that for the Duflow model consist of upper boundary will occur for the 25 year anniversary scenario. conditions such as runoff from upstream The results of the analysis of the distribution of Lambidaro watershed and downstream boundary inundation of Lambidaro sub-basin were classified conditions, such as water levels at the mouth of the into six classifications, namely: (1) unlogged areas, Lambidaro river. The rainfall hydrology parameter (2) flooded with altitude less than 0.25 m, (3) was taken from the analysis of the distribution of altitude 0.25 - 0.5 m, (4 ) Altitude of 0.5-0.75 m, (5) maximum daily rainfall by Gumbell method for a altitude of 0.75-1 m and (6) heights of more than 1

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

m. Result of hydrodynamic modeling using flow accumulation and from field observations are Duflow model followed by analysis of inundation low areas with a slope of 0-3% with the type of distribution that will occur with 25 year period land use in swamp dominance. The calibration of return scenario seen as in Fig. 4d. The flooded this model is shown by the high suitability of areas of the Lambidaro sub-basin are the areas of inundation that occurs in the field with R2= 0.869.

(a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub basin (b) Scematic of Duflow model for Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation and inundated distribution

Legend Not Inundated High of inundated

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5 m msl

Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

The influence of inundation in the upper 4.4 Land use change scenarios Lambidaro watershed is 756.81 ha, 2821,6 ha and downstream 513,23 ha. As for the part of left Zoning scenario to see the effect of land use Lambidaro sub-watershed, upstream area of change on the inundation distribution that will 1854.5 ha, middle 380.5 ha and downstream 131.1 occur in Lambidaro sub basin. Land use change ha. The distribution of inundation stacked with scenario is made as many as 5 scenarios, namely : Lambidaro sub-basin can be seen in Figure 5.

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

(1) The first scenario by changing the type of land Some of the effects of land use change use area that is still possible to be converted scenarios on upstream, mid and downstream sub into green area (urban forest, park) so it can watersheds by minimizing and increasing the value decrease the value of C. of the runoff coefficient C per sub-watershed were (2) The second scenario by changing the type of done to reduce and increase the inundation shown land utilization of Lambidaro sub-basin of the in Fig. 6. right section that may still be converted into a settlement (see the current city development) 5. CONCLUSION resulting in an increase in the value of C. (3) The third scenario similar to the first scenario 1. There is a strongly significant relationship is only done on the part of left Lambidaro sub between runoff and river length, watershed basin. area, perimeter watershed, average Rb, flow (4) The fourth scenario is the same as the second density, texture ratio, roughness number Rn. scenario only done on the part of left Lambidaro sub basin. 2. There is a strong relationship between runoff (5) The fifth scenario by changing land use with and concentration time (Tc). different C values ranging from 0.2 to 0.9

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

3. The correlation is strong enough on the [5] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, AL, Yuono, Flood Frequency of flow and Relief with the forest modeling for mitigation and management of area drainage system of Palembang city, Research report, LPPM-UNSRI, 2008, 1-6 4. The effect of land-use change with several scenarios made in the Lambidaro sub-basin [6] Bana E, Costa CA, Da Silva PA, Nunes proves that if land use change is not well Correia F Multicriteria Evaluation of Flood Control Measures: The Case of Ribeirado controlled, the extent of the inundation will Livramento. Water Resour Manag, 2004,18 extend from downstream, middle to upstream (21): 263–283 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [7] Majid Mirzael, Application of a rainfall-runoff model for regional-scale flood inundation Acknowledgments are submitted to the Directorate mapping for the Langat River Basin, of Research and Community Service, Ministry of International Journal of GEOMATE, 2017 Research Technology and Higher Education, for [8] SA Hamim, F Sjarkowi, Dinar DA Putranto, the support of Research Grants Higher Education Totok G, Model control of river sub-system grants for the period of study 2016-2018. environment in management of drainage system of Palembang City, Disertation, Doctor 7. REFERENCE of Environmental science, post graduate program University of Sriwijaya, 2013 , p 4-16 [1] B.J.M, Goes, S.E. Howarth, R.B, Wardlaw, I.R, Hancock and U.N. Parajuli, Integrated [9] Government Regulation no. 26, The National water resources management in an insecure Spatial Plan, The secretariat of the Republic of river basin: a case study of Helmand River Indonesia, 2008 Basin, Afghanistan, International Journal of [10] Puspics-UGM “Preparation of Integrated water resources Development, 2014, Volume Musi River Basin Management Plan", Musi 32, 2016 Issue 1 River Basin Management Area, Research

Report, 2013, 77-80 [2] Rosmalinda Permatasari, Dantje Kardana natakusumah, Arwin Sabar, Determining Peak [11] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, and Yuono Discharge Factor Using Synthetic Unit AL,“Digital field model for rainfall-runoff Hydrograph Modelling (Case Study : Upper modeling of sedimentation analysis regionally Komering South Sumatera, Indonesia), in the Mus basini”, research report, University International Journal of Geomate, 2017, Vol. of Sriwijaya, 2015 13, Issue 36, pp.1-5 [12] Province of South Sumatera, Revised

Regional Spatial Plan of South Sumatera [3] Seemanta S. Bhagabati, Akiyuki Kawasaki, Province Year 2016-2036, 2016, p III 1-6 Consideration of the rainfall-run-off-inundation (RRI) Model for flood mapping in a deltaic area of Myanmar, Hydrological Research Copyright © Int. J. of GEOMATE. All rights reserved, Letter, 2017 including the making of copies unless permission is [4] Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional obtained from the copyright proprietors. Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year 2016-2036, 2016, p III 1-6

Response by Authors to Reviewer’s Remarks/Comments

Integration of Surface Water Management in Urban and Regional Spatial Planning

Authors: *Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

The authors have summarized their replies to the Reviewers’ comments in this response letter in a two column format. A revised manuscript is submitted addressing all the comments to the Journal of GEOMATE for possible publication.

No. Reviewer_A’s Comments Authors Response It is noted that the research objective s The authors are grateful for the appreciation clear while the nvestigation method s of the reviewers of the research that the sound, although the abstract was not well author has done, although the writing in the written. Great effort required to conduct feel is still very less, especially in the such a research. Reasonable discussions grammar written in English. and presentation of figures and tables can also be found throughout the paper Upon appreciation, the author tries to write back with some revisions that may still be lacking, but the author's hope to be re- assessed for improvements can the author do better in accordance with the provisions in the necessary publication. 1. Improvements to the abstract have been done Abstract: Rewrite in concise form Add some by the author. Likewise additions to the results and conclusions n abstract conclusions and objectives to be achieved.

2. Introduction: Add more references n The addition of reference to the introduction ntroduction has been done by the author

3. Conclusions: Add more resuts n conclusions Conclusions have been improved in accordance with the objectives to be achieved in research 4. List of references: Foow template Reference writing has been adapted to the existing template

DR. Ir. Dinar Dwi Anugerah Putranto, MSPJ Dr. Imroatul Chalimah Juliana, S.T., M.T

Ir. Sarino, MSCE Agus Lesrti Yuono, ST,MT

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1/1 International Journal of GEOMATE, May, 2018 Vol.14, Issue 45, pp.28-34 Geotec., Const. Mat. &Env., DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.45.18652 ISSN: 2186-2982 (Print), 2186-2990 (Online), Japan

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 16 Dec. 2017, Accepted: 20 Jan. 2017

ABSTRACT:It is necessary to analyze the conditions of the watershed hydrometry, the type of land use, the duration and the time of rain, the tidal height, which is modeled spatially, in order to support in decision making for spatial management and water management. Palembang Metropolitan City is one of the major cities on the island of Sumatra, which is regionally included in the Musi Watershed area. Hydrologically Palembang City is located at the mouth of the Musi river, with an altitude of less than 20 m above the mean sea level. When the maximum rainfall occurs in the watershed Area, Palembang City will be affected by tidal water, and runoff on the sub-watershed in Palembang city can not be flowed through the main channel within Palembang City, due to the tide of Musi river water. This study aims to show the relationship between watershed hydrometry, land use change management, rain intensity, and tidal influences on the watershed area, with various scenarios that will affect the runoff discharge and distribution of inundation that occur in the watershed area. Taking a case study of the Lambidaro sub-basin, in the Palembang City area, all sub- basin parameters that have been tested were modeled by a using duflow to calculate the extent of runoff and flood flow tracking in the river. The inundation distribution occurring in the sub watershed was obtained by combining the results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial analysis. Based on the results obtained it is concluded that there is a strong spatial relationship between land use and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the extent of surface runoff.

Keywords: Land Use Change, flooding and pudles, Run-off, spatial management

1. INTRODUCTION and spatial planning is one of the important keys that must be done if they want to play a role in Land use changes in some areas of the city in reducing the danger of flooding. However, in Indonesia is so fast, due to rapid urbanization and reality in every spatial arrangement, the two industrial development. These changes are almost systems, namely spatial planning and water entirely done by reclamation of swamps, the management have never been integrated. On this utilization of river banks, and conversion of forest basis, an analysis of hydro topographic conditions, land and agricultural land. The impact of changes type of land cover, duration and time of rain, tidal in land use has changed the patterns of water height, are modeled using spatial analysis, in order drainage in sub-basin areas that exist in urban to support decision making for spatial management areas. The main effects of changes in drainage and water management [3]. patterns are flooding and puddles as a result of excessive runoff [1]. . 2. CITY DEVELOPMENT AND FLOOD Human activities have caused very significant PROBLEM IN SOUTH SUMATERA AREA impact on water quantity, water quality and aquatic ecology. As the result, the dangers of flooding, Similar to the development of several regions household and industrial waste, which, after in Indonesia, the province of South Sumatra has accumulating for a long time, are unlikely to return the development of cities that is very significant. It to normal or require enormous costs for recovery. can be seen from the population growth which Run-off problems with peak flood and averagely reached 1.44% with the population of inundation characteristics are influenced by several 7,481,200 in 2010 [4] of which, 1,468,000 are in factors, such as urbanization, unsuitable landfill, Palembang (19.62%). If the average population tidal effects, as well as sedimentation and river- growth in South Sumatera remains at 1.88%, then flow pollutants from upstream areas and other it is estimated that in 2030, the population in South small rivers that form the sub-watersheds in the Sumatera province will reach 10,166,760 people area [2]. and 18.97% will be in Palembang City. Flow management capability, run-off With such a large population growth, there will mitigation, infiltration and water quality all have be concentration of population in big cities in relevance to land use conditions. Furthermore, the South Sumatera Province especially in Palembang connection between the water management system City, which will cause expansion of land use for

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

various urban activities. The expansion that will part of right Lambidaro (Lambidaro-2) sub- change the various functions of the water reservoir watershed which leads to the Musi river. land, is transformed into a developed one,and will neglect the watershed ecosystem. Based on data from BMKG (2010), the highest rainfall in South Sumatera Province is 18 - <34.87 mm/day and the peak rainfall in November, and the lowest rainfall <18 mm/day, occurs every in May-August. Surface water is difficult to predict in relation to space and time distribution . While the AWLR which is used to record water level in several locations along the river has not worked properly. This has caused much constraints to predict the occurrence of peak flood and areas that will occur. In October (2016), the city of Lubuk Linggau, and several sub-districts in Musi Rawas district have experienced floods, the city of Sekayu and several sub-districts in Musi Banyuasin Fig.1 Lambidaro sub-basin at Musi downstreem regency in September (2016), Inderalaya city and sub-basin area several sub-districts in Ogan Ilir Regency (October, 2016), Kayu Agung city and several sub- 3. METHODOLOGY districts in Ogan Komering Ilir regency, Pangkalan Balai City and several sub-districts in Banyuasin To anticipate the amount of runoff water, due regency, and Palembang City itself always to inappropriate land allocation, a multicriteria experiences flood in every rainy season with high analysis is needed in every decision of land intensity. allocation. Land Allocation Management System Efforts to control floods have been undertaken (SIMAL) is a watershed analysis system by several cities that often experience floods every developed using GIS or Geographic Information year. In Jakarta City floodway canal and biopore System (GIS) using land use change parameters, has been made and in Semarang City, a polder morphometry, and hydrometry of DAS [8]. system has been also built. But all of them have not yet shown that the problem of annual floods 3.1 Research Site can be overcome. All flood control systems, must depart from existing watershed ecosystem The study material is to explain the effect of conditions. From these conditions, It requires new surface runoff on land use change, the location of analysis by simulation to determine the flood the study is the Lambidaro sub-basin (Figure 1), discharge with each return period, which finally which is one of 16 sub-basins that form the can be used to determine the appropriate drainage drainage system of Palembang which discharges system in the area [5]. Thus a specific approach into the Musi River, through the city of Palembang. through more useful and accurate techniques is With an area of 65.42 Km2. necessary. Transforming data into a Geographic Information System using Multicriteria Spatial 3.2 Research Data Analysis in decision making [6] can be used as a policy and technical combination solution and The data used in this research are river technical, and also as a model in presenting the hydrometry data, longitudinal cross-section (l) and watershed environmental conditions for better data river cross (b), river bed invert (ls), watershed area quality and analysis [7]. (A) and density (r). While spot height data and land use are needed to analyze the infiltration 2.1 Case Study coefficient (c) and time concentration (Tc). And the ever-changing dynamic data is the rainfall data (R) As an example of frequent inundation in the needed to calculate the rain intensity (I) in each Lambidaro sub-basin especially in the downstream sub-watershed. area and around the floodplain, during the rainy season and high tides is Lambidaro sub basin with 3.3 Research Methods an area of 65.25 km2 is a sub watershed which has different morphometric characteristics from other The method used in this research is using sub watersheds. Based on the drainage pattern it is hydrology model and Geographic Information divided into two sub-watersheds namely part of System (GIS). The hydrodynamic model Duflow left Lambidaro (Lambidaro-1) Sub-watershed and was used to calculate the amount of runoff, which

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

would also be used to track flood flow in rivers Environmental Condition of sub-basin [11]. The hydrodynamic analysis was performed on selected river sub-systems that have been obtained Hydrological Modeling Hydraulic Modeling from the results of cluster analysis. This analysis (Rainfall, runoff) with multiple utilizes the 1D (Duflow) non-steady flow model scenarios with the maximum rainfall intensity conditions of the 25th anniversary period of the previous GIS analysis, Land Modeling Duflow- hydrological analysis results as well as the results Allocation Management ArcGIS Flood of tidal observation forecasting at the sub-systems System (SIMAL) Mapping and Puddle of selected river sub-systems. The first stage in the hydrodynamic analysis was by establishing a scheme of the hydrodynamic network in sub- Fig. 2 Flow Chart of research methods watershed adapted to the results through terrain morphology and terrain processing analysis on 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ArcGIS-ARC Hydro and field conditions, then incorporating the dimensions of water structure, 4.1 Correlation Between Surface Run-off with cross section, boundary conditions (tidal, rain Morphometric Characteristic Variable Results of hydrological analysis) and flow discharge. After calculation of each segment/cross This correlation was analyzed to address the section will be obtained some hydraulic parameters problem of spatial relationships between land use such as flood water level, water flow rate, channel and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the flow and water level in river and channel were extent of surface runoff. The strong correlation obtained. between independent variables (characteristic of The inundation distribution occurring in the sub-basin morphometry) and the dependent sub-river system was obtained by combining the variable of runoff (Q), is seen through Pearson results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial correlation value. Correlation values range from - analysis. The water level in the river and the 1,000 to 1,000. The value of -1.000 shows a very channel was interpolated to obtain the distribution strong but negative correlation, while the value of of water level in the selected river subsystem. 1,000 indicates a very strong correlation/very Then the distribution of water level is arranged closely directed positively. with the topographic condition of river sub system The results of the analysis (at 99% confidence in the form of DEM 5m x 5m so as to obtain the level) obtained the correlation value between distribution of classified high pools that occur in variables very high runoff (Q) ranges from 0.849 each selected river sub-system with 25th to 0.999 with variable length of river order (x1), anniversary period. river length (x2), watershed (x3), roving watershed With several scenarios of land use change, it (x4) , average Rb(x5), Flow density (x6), texture can be seen how much the changes in inundation ratio (x8), Roughness number Rn (x10). height due to land use change in the selected sub- This means that there is a strongly significant system. This scenario was used as a way to see the relationship between runoff and long river order, condition of the sub-system of a river which in river length, basin area, perimeter watershed, turn will influence the pattern of river average Rb, flow density, texture ratio, roughness environmental control that will be done. The first number Rn. While the value of strong correlation scenario is to change the type of land use so that is seen between runoff with Tc concentration time the value of C tends to decrease which became an of 0.629. This means at a significance level of 5% indicator of the condition of the river subsystem or a 95% confidence level, there is a strong becomes better. The second scenario was changing relationship between runoff and concentration time the type of land use so that the value of C tends to (Tc). The correlation value is strong enough at flow increase, this condition could explain that river frequency (x7), relief (x9) and green area (forest, subsystem had a condition that was considered to tree, shrub, yard, rice field, field, garden) (x14). The be disturbed. low correlation value between runoff and variable flow coefficient C (x12) of 0.319 with significant level and negative correlation of 0.234 for variable circularity ratio Rc (x13).

4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub-Basin

The morphometric characteristics of the

Lambidaro watershed are shown in Fig. 3. Land

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

utilization in the Lambidaro sub-basin is dominated by 0-3% and more than 8% with a dominated by shrubs, trees, fields and forests maximum height of 36 msl in the upstream area. ranging from 72%, settlements ranging from River conditions are still natural, especially in part 4.74% to potentially changing land use, such as for of left Lambidaro, while some rivers in part of settlement development. Settlement construction right Lambidaro sub-basin have been normalized mainly occurs in right Lambidaro (Lambidaro-2) by cliff reinforcement. sub-watershed close to the main road / outer shaft With the condition of land use, slope, flow of Palembang City (Musidua bridge). As part of density and soil type, the range of runoff left Lambidaro (Lambidaro-1) sub-basin is coefficient in Lambidaro sub-basin shows the dominated by bushes and swamps. The sub- runoff coefficient value of 0.66. This means that watershed of Lambidaro river has varying altitude 34% of the total rainfall falls on the Lambidaro less than 10 m msl in estuary area up to 36 m in river sub-basin can still be infiltrated (see Figure 3). upstream area. The percentage of the slope is

Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area Legend

Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub-basin

4.3 Hydrodynamic model of Lambidaro drainage network of Lambidaro watershed is watershed shown in Figure 4c. The results of the hydrodynamic modeling, the existing conditions of The simulation of the Duflow-ArcGIS model the Lambidaro sub-watershed were approached was conducted on the Lambidaro watershed. with a 25-year return period scenario. Schematic of the water system based on DEM The water level on each segment was then extraction with flow patterns that resulted in sub- transformed into the DEM sub of the Lambidaro basin and drainage line boundaries to illustrate sub-basin, and interpolated by the ArcGIS runoff on the floodwaters was constructed first procedure to obtain the inundation distribution that (Figure 4). The Lambidaro sub-basin network will occur for the 25-year anniversary scenario. scheme was built by entering the cross-profile data The results of the analysis of the distribution of as well as extending the channels per segment inundation of Lambidaro sub-basin were classified based on the measurement results in the field. into six classifications, namely: (1) unlogged areas; Channel width ranges from 11 - 18 m. The (2) flooded with altitude less than 0.25 m; (3) boundary conditions for the Duflow model consist altitude 0.25 - 0.5 m; (4) Altitude of 0.5-0.75 m; (5) of upper boundary conditions such as runoff from altitude of 0.75-1 m and (6) heights of more than 1 upstream Lambidaro watershed and downstream m. The result of hydrodynamic modeling using boundary conditions, such as water levels at the Duflow model was followed by analysis of mouth of the Lambidaro river. The rainfall inundation distribution that will occur with 25 year hydrology parameter was taken from the analysis period return scenario seen as in Figure 4d. The of the distribution of maximum daily rainfall by flooded areas of the Lambidaro sub-basin are the Gumbell method for a 25-year period of 163 areas of flow accumulation and from field mm/day. The weighted C values of each observations are low areas with a slope of 0-3% Lambidaro sub-basin were calculated from the with the type of land use in swamp dominance. results of spatial analysis of land use, slope, soil The calibration of this model is shown by the high type and flow density per sub-watershed as shown suitability of inundation that occurs in the field in Fig.4b. The water level in certain segments of with R2= 0.869.

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

(b) Scematic of Duflow model for (a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub-basin Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation Flow accumulation and inundated and inundated distribution distribution

Legend Legend

Not Inundated High of inundated

Fig. 4 Drainage network flood simulation of Lambidaro sub-basin: (a) Chatment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub-basin (b) Scematic and drainage network; (c) distribution of inundation due to land use change; (d) the puddle area is assembled with flow accumulation

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5m msl

Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

The influence of inundation in the upper 1854.5 ha, middle 380.5 ha and downstream 131.1 Lambidaro watershed is 756.81 ha, 2821,6 ha, and ha. The distribution of inundation stacked with downstream 513,23 ha. As for the part of left Lambidaro sub-basin can be seen in Figure 5. Lambidaro sub-watershed, the upstream area of

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

4.4 Land use change scenarios occur in Lambidaro sub-basin. Land use change scenario is made as many as 5 scenarios, namely: Zoning scenario to see the effect of land use change on the inundation distribution that will

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

(1) The first scenario is changing the type of land were done to reduce and increase the inundation use area that is still possible to be converted shown in Fig.6. into a green area (urban forest, park) so it can decrease the value of C. 5. CONCLUSION (2) The second scenario is changing the type of land utilization of Lambidaro-2 sub-basin of 1. There is a strongly significant relationship the right section that may still be converted into between runoff and river length, watershed a settlement (see the current city development) area, perimeter watershed, average Rb, flow resulting in an increase in the value of C. density, texture ratio, roughness number Rn. (3) The third scenario is similar to the first scenario is only done on the part of Lambidaro- 2. There is a strong relationship between runoff 1 sub-basin. and concentration time (Tc). (4) The fourth scenario is the same as the second 3. The correlation is strong enough on the scenario and is only done on the part of Frequency of flow and Relief with the forest Lambidaro-1 sub-basin. area (5) The fifth scenario is changing land use with 4. The effect of land-use change with several different C values ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 scenarios made in the Lambidaro sub-basin Some of the effects of land use change proves that if land use change is not well scenarios on upstream, mid and downstream sub- controlled, the extent of the inundation will watersheds are minimizing and increasing the extend from downstream, middle to upstream value of the runoff coefficient C per sub-watershed

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [6] Bana E, Costa CA, Da Silva PA, Nunes Correia F,. Multicriteria Evaluation of Flood Acknowledgments are submitted to the Directorate Control Measures: The Case of Ribeirado of Research and Community Service, Ministry of Livramento. Water Resource Manag, 2004,18 Research Technology and Higher Education, for (21): 263–283 the support of Research Grants Higher Education [7] Majid Mirzael, Application of a rainfall-runoff for the period of study 2016-2018. model for regional-scale flood inundation

mapping for the Langat River Basin, 7. REFERENCE International Journal of GEOMATE, 2017

[1] B.J.M. Goes, S.E., Howarth, R.B, Wardlaw, [8] Hamim SA, F Sjarkowi, Dinar DA Putranto, I.R, Hancock and U.N. Parajuli, Integrated Totok G, Model control of river sub-system water resources management in an insecure environment in management of drainage river basin: a case study of Helmand River system of Palembang City, Disertation, Doctor Basin, Afghanistan., International Journal of of Environmental science, post graduate water resources Development, Vol. 32, Issue program University of Sriwijaya, 2013, p 4-16 1,2014 [9] Government Regulation no. 26, The National

Spatial Plan, The secretariat of the Republic of [2] Rosmalinda Permatasari, Dantje Kardana Natakusumah, Arwin Sabar, Determining Indonesia, 2008 Peak Discharge Factor Using Synthetic Unit [10] Puspics-UGM “Preparation of Integrated Hydrograph Modelling (Case Study : Upper Musi River Basin Management Plan", Musi Komering South Sumatera, Indonesia), River Basin Management Area, Research International Journal of Geomate, Vol. 13, Report,2013, 77-80 Issue 36, 2017, pp.1-5 [11] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, and Yuono AL, [3] Seemanta S. Bhagabati, Akiyuki Kawasaki, “Digital field model for rainfall-runoff Consideration of the rainfall-run-off- modeling of sedimentation analysis regionally inundation (RRI) Model for flood mapping in in the Musi basin”, Research report, a deltaic area of Myanmar, Hydrological University of Sriwijaya, 2015 Research Letter, 2017 [12] Province of South Sumatera, Revised [4] Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional Regional Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year Province Year 2016-2036, Report Planning, 2016-2036, 2016, ppIII 1-6 2016, pIII 1-6 [5] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, Yuono, AL., “Flood modeling for mitigation and Copyright © Int. J. of GEOMATE. All rights reserved, management of drainage system of Palembang including the making of copies unless permission is city”, Research report, LPPM-UNSRI, 2008, obtained from the copyright proprietors. 1-6

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Galley proof Paper ID number 18652 Issue number 45 Galley proof (pdf) 28-34-18652-Dinar-May-2018.pdf Galley proof (word) Revise-28-34-18652-Dinar-May-2018.doc Copyright form Response by Authors to Reviewer.pdf E-mail [email protected]

1/1 International Journal of GEOMATE, May, 2018 Vol.14, Issue 45, pp.28-34 Geotec., Const. Mat. &Env., DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.45.18652 ISSN: 2186-2982 (Print), 2186-2990 (Online), Japan

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 16 Dec. 2017, Accepted: 20 Jan. 2017

Keywords: Land Use Change, flooding and pudles, Run-off, spatial management

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub-Basin

The morphometric characteristics of the

Lambidaro watershed are shown in Fig. 3. Land

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area Legend

Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub-basin

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

(b) Scematic of Duflow model for (a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub-basin Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation Flow accumulation and inundated and inundated distribution distribution

Legend Legend

Not Inundated High of inundated

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5m msl

Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

mapping for the Langat River Basin, 7. REFERENCE International Journal of GEOMATE, 2017

[2] Rosmalinda Permatasari, Dantje Kardana Spatial Plan, The secretariat of the Republic of Natakusumah, Arwin Sabar, Determining Indonesia, 2008 Peak Discharge Factor Using Synthetic Unit [10] Puspics-UGM “Preparation of Integrated Hydrograph Modelling (Case Study : Upper Musi River Basin Management Plan", Musi Komering South Sumatera, Indonesia), River Basin Management Area, Research International Journal of Geomate, Vol. 13, Report,2013, 77-80 Issue 36, 2017, pp.1-5 [11] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, and Yuono AL, [3] Seemanta S. Bhagabati, Akiyuki Kawasaki, “Digital field model for rainfall-runoff Consideration of the rainfall-run-off- modeling of sedimentation analysis regionally inundation (RRI) Model for flood mapping in in the Musi basin”, Research report, a deltaic area of Myanmar, Hydrological University of Sriwijaya, 2015 Research Letter, 2017 [12] Province of South Sumatera, Revised [4] Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional Regional Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year Province Year 2016-2036, Report Planning, 2016-2036, 2016, ppIII 1-6 2016, pIII 1-6 [5] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, Yuono, AL., “Flood modeling for mitigation and Copyright © Int. J. of GEOMATE. All rights reserved, management of drainage system of Palembang including the making of copies unless permission is city”, Research report, LPPM-UNSRI, 2008, obtained from the copyright proprietors. 1-6

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Thanks. l Fill in the gap in all pages (attached). l Resubmit corrected paper online, http://www.geomatejournal.com/ revised

------Dr. Zakaria Hossain (Ph.D. Kyoto Univ.) Professor, Mie University, Japan Editor-in-Chief, Int. J. of GEOMATE [email protected] http://www.koku.bio.mie-u.ac.j p/ http://www.geomatejournal.com/ ------〒514-8507 津市栗真町屋町1577 三重大学大学院生物資源学研究科共生環境学専攻地域保全工学講座国際環境保全学研究分野・教授保世院座狩屋（ホセインザカリア）電子メール：[email protected] 電話番号：059-231-9578 (内線：9578) ファックス：059-231-9578 ------

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2/2 International Journal of GEOMATE, May, 2018 Vol.14, Issue 45, pp.28-34 Geotec., Const. Mat. &Env., DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.45.18652 ISSN: 2186-2982 (Print), 2186-2990 (Online), Japan

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 16 Dec. 2017, Accepted: 20 Jan. 2017

Keywords: Land Use Change, flooding and pudles, Run-off, spatial management

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub-Basin

The morphometric characteristics of the

Lambidaro watershed are shown in Fig. 3. Land

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area Legend

Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub-basin

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

(b) Scematic of Duflow model for (a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub-basin Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation Flow accumulation and inundated and inundated distribution distribution

Legend Legend

Not Inundated High of inundated

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5m msl

Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

mapping for the Langat River Basin, 7. REFERENCE International Journal of GEOMATE, 2017

Forward from Author 4 International Journal of GEOMATE

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➢ Revisi Mei 2018

➢ Response by Author to Reviewr International Journal of GEOMATE, May, 2018 Vol.14, Issue 45, pp.28-34 Geotec., Const. Mat. &Env., DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2018.45.18652 ISSN: 2186-2982 (Print), 2186-2990 (Online), Japan

INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

*Putranto DA Dinar1, Sarino2, Yuono AL3, Juliana Ch Imroatul4, and Hamim SA5

1Post Graduate Program; 2,3,4Faculty of Engineering, University of Sriwijaya, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author, Received: 15 Oct. 2017, Revised: 16 Dec. 2017, Accepted: 20 Jan. 2017

Keywords: Land Use Change, flooding and pudles, Run-off, spatial management

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

various urban activities. The expansion that will part of right Lambidaro (Lambidaro-2) sub- change the various functions of the water reservoir watershed which leads to the Musi river. land, is transformed into a developed one,and will neglect the watershed ecosystem. Based on data from BMKG (2010), the highest rainfall in South Sumatera Province is 18 - <34.87 mm/day and the peak rainfall in November, and the lowest rainfall <18 mm/day, occurs every in May-August. Surface water is difficult to predict in relation to space and time distribution . While the AWLR which is used to record water level in several locations along the river has not worked properly. This has caused much constraints to predict the occurrence of peak flood and areas that will occur. In October (2016), the city of Lubuk Linggau, and several sub-districts in Musi Rawas district have experienced floods, the city of Sekayu and several sub-districts in Musi Banyuasin Fig.1 Lambidaro sub-basin at Musi downstreem regency in September (2016), Inderalaya city and sub-basin area several sub-districts in Ogan Ilir Regency (October, 2016), Kayu Agung city and several sub- 3. METHODOLOGY districts in Ogan Komering Ilir regency, Pangkalan Balai City and several sub-districts in Banyuasin To anticipate the amount of runoff water, due regency, and Palembang City itself always to inappropriate land allocation, a multicriteria experiences flood in every rainy season with high analysis is needed in every decision of land intensity. allocation. Land Allocation Management System Efforts to control floods have been undertaken (SIMAL) is a watershed analysis system by several cities that often experience floods every developed using GIS or Geographic Information year. In Jakarta City floodway canal and biopore System (GIS) using land use change parameters, has been made and in Semarang City, a polder morphometry, and hydrometry of DAS [8]. system has been also built. But all of them have not yet shown that the problem of annual floods 3.1 Research Site can be overcome. All flood control systems, must depart from existing watershed ecosystem The study material is to explain the effect of conditions. From these conditions, It requires new surface runoff on land use change, the location of analysis by simulation to determine the flood the study is the Lambidaro sub-basin (Figure 1), discharge with each return period, which finally which is one of 16 sub-basins that form the can be used to determine the appropriate drainage drainage system of Palembang which discharges system in the area [5]. Thus a specific approach into the Musi River, through the city of through more useful and accurate techniques is Palembang. With an area of 65.42 Km2. necessary. Transforming data into a Geographic Information System using Multicriteria Spatial 3.2 Research Data Analysis in decision making [6] can be used as a policy and technical combination solution and The data used in this research are river technical, and also as a model in presenting the hydrometry data, longitudinal section (l) and river watershed environmental conditions for better data cross-section (b), river bed invert (ls), watershed quality and analysis [7]. area (A) and density (r). While spot height data and land use are needed to analyze the infiltration 2.1 Case Study coefficient (c) and time concentration (Tc). And the ever-changing dynamic data is the rainfall data As an example of frequent inundation in the (R) needed to calculate the rain intensity (I) in each Lambidaro sub-basin especially in the downstream sub-watershed. area and around the floodplain, during the rainy season and high tides is Lambidaro sub basin with 3.3 Research Methods an area of 65.25 km2 is a sub watershed which has different morphometric characteristics from other The method used in this research is using sub watersheds. Based on the drainage pattern it is hydrology model and Geographic Information divided into two sub-watersheds namely part of System (GIS). The hydrodynamic model Duflow left Lambidaro (Lambidaro-1) Sub-watershed and was used to calculate the amount of runoff, which

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

would also be used to track flood flow in rivers Environmental Condition of sub-basin [11]. The hydrodynamic analysis was performed on selected river sub-systems that have been obtained Hydrological Modeling Hydraulic Modeling from the results of cluster analysis. This analysis (Rainfall, runoff) with multiple utilizes the 1D (Duflow) non-steady flow model scenarios with the maximum rainfall intensity conditions of the 25th anniversary period of the previous GIS analysis, Land Modeling Duflow- hydrological analysis results as well as the results Allocation Management ArcGIS Flood of tidal observation forecasting at the sub-systems System (SIMAL) Mapping and Puddle of selected river sub-systems. The first stage in the hydrodynamic analysis was by establishing a scheme of the hydrodynamic network in sub- Fig. 2 Flow Chart of research methods watershed adapted to the results through terrain morphology and terrain processing analysis on 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ArcGIS-ARC Hydro and field conditions, then incorporating the dimensions of water structure, 4.1 Correlation Between Surface Run-off with cross section, boundary conditions (tidal, rain Morphometric Characteristic Variable results of hydrological analysis) and flow discharge. After calculation of each segment/cross This correlation was analyzed to address the section will be obtained some hydraulic parameters problem of spatial relationships between land use such as flood water level, water flow rate, channel and sub-basin morphometry and its effect on the flow and water level in river and channel were extent of surface runoff. The strong correlation obtained. between independent variables (characteristic of The inundation distribution occurring in the sub-basin morphometry) and the dependent sub-river system was obtained by combining the variable of runoff (Q), is seen through Pearson results of hydrodynamic analysis and spatial correlation value. Correlation values range from - analysis. The influence of the tides in the main 1,000 to 1,000. The value of -1.000 shows a very river entering the subchannel of the river system is strong but negative correlation, while the value of measured in height and the area of distribution so 1,000 indicates a very strong correlation/very as to obtain the distribution of water level in the closely directed positively. river subsystem. Then the distribution of water The results of the analysis (at 99% confidence level is compiled with the topographic condition of level) obtained the correlation value between the sub-system of the relevant river based on 0.5- variables very high runoff (Q) ranges from 0.849 meter contour interval so as to obtain the to 0.999 with variable length of river order (x1), distribution of the classified high pools that occur river length (x2), watershed (x3), roving watershed in each selected river sub-system with the 25th (x4) , average Rb(x5), Flow density (x6), texture anniversary of rainfall intensity. ratio (x8), Roughness number Rn (x10). With several scenarios of land use change, it This means that there is a strongly significant can be seen how much the changes in inundation relationship between runoff and long river order, height due to land use change in the selected sub- river length, basin area, perimeter watershed, system. This scenario was used as a way to see the average Rb, flow density, texture ratio, roughness condition of the sub-system of a river which in number Rn. While the value of strong correlation turn will influence the pattern of river is seen between runoff with Tc concentration time environmental control that will be done. The first of 0.629. This means at a significance level of 5% scenario is to change the type of land use so that or a 95% confidence level, there is a strong the value of C tends to decrease which became an relationship between runoff and concentration time indicator of the condition of the river subsystem (Tc). The correlation value is strong enough at flow becomes better. The second scenario was changing frequency (x7), relief (x9) and green area (forest, the type of land use so that the value of C tends to tree, shrub, yard, rice field, field, garden) (x14). The increase, this condition could explain that river low correlation value between runoff and variable subsystem had a condition that was considered to flow coefficient C (x12) of 0.319 with significant be disturbed. level and negative correlation of 0.234 for variable The disruption of the sub-system condition of circularity ratio Rc (x13). the river is caused by the increase of water runoff caused by the decrease of surface soil absorption 4.2 Caracteristic of Lambidaro sub-Basin capacity to water, thus increasing the volume of surface water flow if the surface condition of the The morphometric characteristics of the soil is almost largely a wake up area Lambidaro watershed are shown in Fig. 3. Land

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Level of area Flow accumulation Chatment area Split of sub chatment area Legend

Bushes Weeds Swamp Forest Garden

Drainage Network Slope Land Use Soil Type

Fig. 3 Caracteristic of morfometry Lambidaro sub-basin

4.3 Hydrodynamic model of Lambidaro drainage network of Lambidaro watershed is watershed shown in Figure 4c. The results of the hydrodynamic modeling, the existing conditions of The simulation of the Duflow-ArcGIS model the Lambidaro sub-watershed were approached was conducted on the Lambidaro watershed. with a 25-year return period scenario. Schematic of the water system based on DEM The water level on each segment was then extraction with flow patterns that resulted in sub- transformed into the DEM sub of the Lambidaro basin and drainage line boundaries to illustrate sub-basin, and interpolated by the ArcGIS runoff on the floodwaters was constructed first procedure to obtain the inundation distribution that (Figure 4). The Lambidaro sub-basin network will occur for the 25-year anniversary scenario. scheme was built by entering the cross-profile data The results of the analysis of the distribution of as well as extending the channels per segment inundation of Lambidaro sub-basin were classified based on the measurement results in the field. into six classifications, namely: (1) unlogged Channel width ranges from 11 - 18 m. The areas; (2) flooded with altitude less than 0.25 m; boundary conditions for the Duflow model consist (3) altitude 0.25 - 0.5 m; (4) Altitude of 0.5-0.75 of upper boundary conditions such as runoff from m; (5) altitude of 0.75-1 m and (6) heights of more upstream Lambidaro watershed and downstream than 1 m. The result of hydrodynamic modeling boundary conditions, such as water levels at the using Duflow model was followed by analysis of mouth of the Lambidaro river. The rainfall inundation distribution that will occur with 25 year hydrology parameter was taken from the analysis period return scenario seen as in Figure 4d. The of the distribution of maximum daily rainfall by flooded areas of the Lambidaro sub-basin are the Gumbell method for a 25-year period of 163 areas of flow accumulation and from field mm/day. The weighted C values of each observations are low areas with a slope of 0-3% Lambidaro sub-basin were calculated from the with the type of land use in swamp dominance. results of spatial analysis of land use, slope, soil The calibration of this model is shown by the high type and flow density per sub-watershed as shown suitability of inundation that occurs in the field in Fig.4b. The water level in certain segments of with R2= 0.869.

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

(b) Scematic of Duflow model for (a) Catchment extraction and flow direction of Lambidaro sub-basin Lambidaro river network

Flow accumulation Flow accumulation and inundated and inundated distribution distribution

Legend Legend

Not Inundated High of inundated

The effect of tides on the distribution of inundation

Legend Effect of Tide 0,1-0,3 m msl 0,3-0,5 m msl > 0,5m msl

Land use

Fig. 5 Distribution of inundation is arranged with Lambidaro sub-waters upstream, middle and downstream

The influence of inundation can be seen in downstream 131.1 ha. Figure 5, the upper Lambidaro watershed is 756.81 ha, 2821.6 ha, and downstream 513.23 ha. As for 4.4 Land use change scenarios the part of left Lambidaro sub-watershed, the Zoning scenario to see the effect of land use upstream area of 1,854.5 ha, middle 380.5 ha and change on the inundation distribution that will

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

occur in Lambidaro sub-basin. Land use change scenario is made as many as 5 scenarios, namely:

Fig. 6 Effects of land use change of Lambidaro upstream basin

(1) The first scenario is changing the type of land 5. CONCLUSION use area that is still possible to be converted into a green area (urban forest, park) so it can 1. There is a strongly significant relationship decrease the value of C. between runoff and river length, watershed (2) The second scenario is changing the type of area, perimeter watershed, average Rb, flow land utilization of Lambidaro-2 sub-basin of density, texture ratio, roughness number Rn. the right section that may still be converted into a settlement (see the current city development) 2. There is a strong relationship between runoff resulting in an increase in the value of C. and concentration time (Tc). (3) The third scenario is similar to the first 3. The correlation is strong enough on the scenario is only done on the part of Lambidaro- Frequency of flow and Relief with the forest 1 sub-basin. area (4) The fourth scenario is the same as the second 4. The effect of land-use change with several scenario and is only done on the part of Lambidaro-1 sub-basin. scenarios made in the Lambidaro sub-basin (5) The fifth scenario is changing land use with proves that if land use change is not well different C values ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 controlled, the extent of the inundation will extend from downstream, middle to upstream Some of the effects of land use change scenarios on upstream, mid and downstream sub- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS watersheds are minimizing and increasing the value of the runoff coefficient C per sub-watershed Acknowledgments are submitted to the Directorate were done to reduce and increase the inundation of Research and Community Service, Ministry of shown in Fig.6. Research Technology and Higher Education, for the support of Research Grants Higher Education.

International Journal of GEOMATE, Month, Year, Vol(Issue), pp. 000-000

7. REFERENCE Livramento. Water Resource Manag, 2004,18 (21): 263–283 [1] B.J.M. Goes, S.E., Howarth, R.B, Wardlaw, [7] Majid Mirzael, Application of a rainfall-runoff I.R, Hancock and U.N. Parajuli, Integrated model for regional-scale flood inundation water resources management in an insecure mapping for the Langat River Basin, river basin: a case study of Helmand River International Journal of GEOMATE, 2017 Basin, Afghanistan., International Journal of water resources Development, Vol. 32, Issue [8] Hamim SA, F Sjarkowi, Dinar DA Putranto, 1,2014 Totok G, Model control of river sub-system environment in management of drainage [2] Rosmalinda Permatasari, Dantje Kardana system of Palembang City, Disertation, Doctor Natakusumah, Arwin Sabar, Determining of Environmental science, post graduate Peak Discharge Factor Using Synthetic Unit program University of Sriwijaya, 2013, p 4-16 Hydrograph Modelling (Case Study : Upper Komering South Sumatera, Indonesia), [9] Government Regulation no. 26, The National Spatial Plan, The secretariat of the Republic of International Journal of Geomate, Vol. 13, Indonesia, 2008 Issue 36, 2017, pp.1-5 [10]Puspics-UGM “Preparation of Integrated Musi [3] Seemanta S. Bhagabati, Akiyuki Kawasaki, River Basin Management Plan", Musi River Consideration of the rainfall-run-off- Basin Management Area, Research inundation (RRI) Model for flood mapping in Report,2013, 77-80 a deltaic area of Myanmar, Hydrological Research Letter, 2017 [11]Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, and Yuono AL, “Digital field model for rainfall-runoff [4] Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional modeling of sedimentation analysis regionally Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year in the Musi basin”, Research report, 2016-2036, 2016, ppIII 1-6 University of Sriwijaya, 2015 [5] Dinar DA Putranto, Sarino, Yuono, AL., Flood [12]Province of South Sumatera, Revised Regional modeling for mitigation and management of Spatial Plan of South Sumatera Province Year drainage system of Palembang city”, Research 2016-2036, Report Planning, 2016, pIII 1-6 report, LPPM-UNSRI, 2008, 1-6 [6] Bana E, Costa CA, Da Silva PA, Nunes Copyright © Int. J. of GEOMATE. All rights reserved, Correia F,. Multicriteria Evaluation of Flood including the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Control Measures: The Case of Ribeirado

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➢ Turnitin INTEGRATION OF SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT IN URBAN AND REGIONAL SPATIAL PLANNING

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