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Sebaran Tingkat Kemiskinan Dan Tingkat Akses Air Bersih Di Sumatera Selatan

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Sebaran Tingkat Kemiskinan Dan Tingkat Akses Air Bersih Di Sumatera Selatan Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia, Januari 2021, p.11-16 Volume 8, Nomor2 1 p-ISSN 2356-2226 DOI 10.31258/dli.8.1.p.11-16 e-ISSN 2655-8114 https://dli.ejournal.unri.ac.id/index.php/DL Sebaran tingkat kemiskinan dan tingkat akses air bersih di Sumatera Selatan Desri Yesi*, Oktaf Juairiyah Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan *Koresponden E-mail: [email protected] (Diterima 2 Juli 2020|Disetujui 03 Januari 2021|Diterbitkan 30 Januari 2020) Abstract : The poverty level and the level of access for cleaning water are two interesting variables to analyze. One type of feasible analysis was used scatter diagram. South Sumatra Province with its 17 municipalities has different characteristics in terms of poverty levels and access to clean water for the people. Overall, using the scatter diagram, in 2018 the areas with low poverty levels however high levels of access to clean water (Quadrant I) were Lahat and Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir Regency. The regions with low levels of access to clean water and low levels of poverty (Quadrant II) are Empat Lawang, Banyuasin, Ogan Komering Ulu Selatan and Prabumulih. The areas with high levels of access to clean water and high poverty (Quadrant III) are Musi Rawas Utara, Musi Banyuasin, Ogan Komering Ilir, Musi Rawas and Ogan Ilir Regency. The areas with low levels of access to clean water and high poverty (Quadran IV) are Lahat and Penukal Abab Lematang Ilir regency. Keywords: environment, clean water, poverty, scatter diagram , welfare. Kemiskinan menjadi masalah utama yang Penelitian terkait yang menguji pengaruh dihadapi oleh sebagian besar negara-negara di dunia, ketersediaan akses air bersih terhadap tingkat tak terkecuali Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Hasil sedang berkembang (Annur 2013). Masalah penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga yang kemiskinan tidak hanya terkait dengan masalah tidak memiliki akses terhadap fasilitas air bersih ekonomi, lingkungan, keamanan dan lai-lain namun memiliki tingkat pendapatan yang lebih rendah sebesar bisa mempengaruhi berbagai sendi kehidupan lainnya 17,17% dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga yang seperti kondisi sosial, pendidikan dan kesehatan. Dari mempunyai akses air bersih. (Putra & Rianto, 2016). sisi kesehatan, permasalahan yang timbul tidak hanya Salah satu studi juga menemukan bahwa akses berkaitan dengan aspek fisik namun juga psikologik air dapat meningkatkan indikator kesehatan dalam (Liputo, 2014). bentuk penurunan tingkat morbiditas dan Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, tingkat meningkatkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia serta kemiskinan nasional pada tahun 2019 berada pada berpotensi menurunkan angka kemiskinan (Sukartini angka 12.60%. Provinsi Sumatera Selatan sendiri & Saleh, 2016). Rendahnya akses terhadap air bersih merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan angka juga dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas kerja, yang kemiskinan diatas 10%, yaitu 12.93%, dengan jumlah dihubungkan dengan hilangnya waktu kerja akibat penduduk lebih dari delapan juta jiwa, maka dapat gangguan kesehatan (Triono, 2018). disimpulkan bahwa sekitar satu juta rakyat Sumatera Hubungan antara kemiskinan dan ketersediaan Selatan masih berada dalam kategori miskin (BPS air bersih serta strategi peningkatan pelayanan air Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2019). bersih bagi masyarakat dalam upaya pengurangan Kondisi masyarakat yang berada pada garis kemiskinan menjelaskan bahwa peningkatan akses air kemiskinan perlu mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah bersih secara tidak langsung dapat membantu dalam daerah maupun pemerintah pusat. Aspek kesehatan upaya mengurangi kemiskinan (Marganingrum et al., berupa sanitasi dan akses air bersih menjadi salah satu 2010). hal yang berpengaruh langsung terhadap kualitas Pengelolaan air bersih di oleh pemerintah hidup masyarakat (Enralin & Lubis, 2013). Hampir mengalami berbagai persoalan, terutama masalah semua kebutuhan hidup manusia bersumber dari kependudukan. Kepadatan penduduk yang melebihi lingkungan, baik berupa kebutuhan pangan, papan, air daya dukung lingkungannya. Menyebabkan sebagian bersih, udara bersih dan kebutuhan lainnya (Christiani penduduk harus bertempat tinggal di permukiman et al., 2014). padat dan kumuh sehingga sarana prasarana Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dasar sangat terbatas antara lain fasilitas air sebaran tingkat kemiskinan dan tingkat akses air bersih bersih. Penduduk yang tinggal di pemukiman tersebut di 17 kabupaten dan kota Provinsi Sumatera Selatan harus bersusah payah untuk memperoleh air yang sehingga akan diperoleh data daerah-daerah yang sehat untuk dikonsumsi (Alihar, 2018). tingkat kemiskinannya tinggi dengan akses air bersih Penelitian mengenai tingkat kemiskinan dan yang sulit, tingkat kemiskinan tinggi dengan akses air tingkat akses bersih di Sumatera Selatan dapat bersih mudahi, tingkat kemiskinan rendah memberikan gambaran kondisi eksisting di daerah denganakses air bersih sulit serta tingkat kemiskinan sehinggga memudahkan para pemangku kepentingan rendah dengan akses air mudah. untuk mengambil kebijakan. Desri Yesi, Oktaf Juairiyah| DLI 8 (1) (2021) 11-16 12 BAHAN DAN METODE HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik, tingkat kuantitatif. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kemiskinan 17 kabupatn dan kota di provinsi Sumatera analisis regresi. Analisis regresi dilakukan untuk Selatan selama lima tahun terakhir sangat berfluktuasi, mengetahui apakah nilai regresi yang dihasilkan dalam beberapa kabupaten seperti Musi Rawas Utara, mengestimasikan nilai variabel terikat (Halin, 2016). Kabupaten Lahat dan Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin Regresi linier sederhana adalah jenis regresi yang adalah tiga kabupaten dengan tingkat kemiskinan menggunakan dua variabel yang terdiri dari satu paling tinggi. Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara sebagai variabel bebas dan satu variabel terikat. kabupaten paling muda di Sumatera Selatan masih Alat penelitian pada pengolahan data adalah mempunyai permasalahan yang berat dari sisi microsoft excell dengan sumber data adalah data kemiskinan dengan persentase penduduk miskin sekunder yang berasal dari data BPS Sumatera Selatan sebesar 19,12% di tahun 2018, bahkan pada tahun tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2018 berupa data 2016 tingkat kemiskinan di kabupaten ini mencapai tingkat kemiskinan dan tingkat akses air bersih di 20%. Disisi lain, Kota Pagar Alam menjadi daerah Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Data yang diperoleh yang mempunyai tingkat kemiskinan terendah dari 17 kemudian diregresikan menggunakan regresi linear kabupaten dan kota lainnya yaitu 8,77% pada tahun sederhana untuk melihat trend dan hubungan kedua 2018. Bila dibandingkan dengan tingkat kemiskinan variabel. Bila data tidak ada hubungan yang kuat maka secara umum Provinsi Sumatera Selatan di tahun 2018 dilakukan plot data dengan metode scatter (scatter yaitu sebesar 12.82% maka terdapat delapan kabupaten diagram). Dengan scatter diagram akan terlihat sebaran dan kota yang tingkat kemiskinannya lebih rendah dari tingkat kemiskinan dan tingkat akses air bersih di 17 rata-rata provinsi dan sembilan kabupaten dan kota kabupaten dan kota yang terbagi dalam empat kuaran. yang tingkat kemiskinannya masih di atas tingkat kemiskinan provinsi. air bersihair Tingkat akses air (%) bersih 17 Kabupaten dan kota di Sumatera Selatan Gambar 1. Tingkat Kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2013-2018 Sumber : BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2018 Tingkat akses air bersih sebagai salah satu Tingkat akses air bersih Provinsi Sumatera indikator penilaian daya saing suatu daerah menjadi Selatan masih berada pada angka 62.84% pada tahun perhatian yang tak kalah pentingnya, ketersediaan air 2018. Adapun data setiap kabupaten dan kota dapat bersih berimplikasi pada tingkat kesehatan penduduk. dilihat pada tabel berikut: Ketersediaan ini mulai dari infrastruktur, sumber air, dan lain-lain (Remi et al. 2018). air bersihair Tingkat akses air (%) bersih 17 Kabupaten dan kota di Sumatera Selatan Gambar 2. Tingkat Akses Air Bersih di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2013-2018 Sumber : BPS Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, 2018 Desri Yesi, Oktaf Juairiyah| DLI 8 (1) (2021) 11-16 13 Kota Pagar Alam merupakan daerah yang tahun 2018. Untuk melihat hubungan tingkat mengalami peningkatan yang sangat menggembirakan kemiskinan dan tingkat akses air bersih dilakukan uji dalam mengakses air bersih yaitu naik sebesar 41,16% metode regresi linier sederhana seperti gambar berikut : dari tahun 2017 ke tahun 2018, dimana pada tahun 2017 hanya sebesar 53,87% dan menjadi 95,03% di 2015 2016 23 18 18 13 R² = 0,0015 13 R² = 0,0366 8 20 40 60 80 100 8 20 40 60 80 100 2017 2018 Tingkat kemiskinan 20 20 18 18 16 16 14 14 R² = 0,0116 12 12 R² = 0,0176 10 10 8 8 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 100 Tingkat akses air bersih Gambar 3. Hubungan antara tingkat kemiskinan dengan tingkat akses air bersih di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2015-2018 Dari analisis regresi linier sederhana dapat Scatter diagram dapat menggambarkan hubungan disimpulkan bahwa hubungan tingkat kemiskinan atau korelasi dari suatu kar akteristik dengan dengan tingkat akses air bersih tidak menunjukkan karakteristik lainnya, sehingga dapat terlihat kedekatan hubungan yang kuat, dimana R2 atau koefisien dari dua data tersebut. Dalam hal ini akan dicari derterminasi dari uji tersebut kecil dari 0,50 untuk kedekatan hubungan antara tingkat kemiskinan dengan semua analisis. Selanjutnya, analisa yang tingkat akses air bersih di 17 kabupaten dan kota di memungkinkan
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