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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (ESIA) – Appendix 10 Project Number: 50330-001 February 2018 INO: Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Project (Phase 2) Prepared by PT Supreme Energy Rantau Dedap (PT SERD) for Asian Development Bank The environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the project sponsor. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of or any territory or area. Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Plant, Lahat Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province Critical Habitat Assessment Version 13 January 2018 The business of sustainability FINAL REPORT Supreme Energy Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Plant, Lahat Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province Critical Habitat Assessment January 2018 Reference: 0383026 CH Assessment SERD Environmental Resources Management Siam Co. Ltd 179 Bangkok City Tower 24th Floor, South Sathorn Road Thungmahamek, Sathorn Bangkok 10120 Thailand www.erm.com This page left intentionally blank (Remove after printing to PDF) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1 1.2 QUALIFICATIONS 2 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 4 2.1 PROJECT HISTORY AND STAGING 4 2.2 PROJECT CONFIGURATION 4 2.2.1 PRODUCTION WELLS, INJECTION WELLS, AND WELLPADS 5 2.2.2 PIPELINES 5 2.2.3 SOIL DISPOSAL 5 2.2.4 POWER GENERATION 5 2.2.5 SWITCHYARD AND TRANSMISSION LINE 6 2.2.6 ACCESS ROADS 6 2.2.7 ADDITIONAL FACILITIES 6 3 BASELINE BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES SUMMARY 8 3.1 BASELINE BIODIVERSITY VALUES 8 3.1.1 DEFINITION OF AREA OF INFLUENCE 8 3.1.2 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE SURVEY SUMMARY 8 3.1.3 GEOSPATIAL ASSESSMENT 13 3.2 BASELINE BIODIVERSITY VALUES 14 3.2.1 PROJECT AREA OVERVIEW 14 3.2.2 VEGETATION AND HABITATS 15 3.2.3 BIODIVERSITY VALUES SPECIFIC TO THE TRANSMISSION LINE AND BRINE PIPELINE (ERM MAY 2017) 15 3.2.4 RESULTS OF AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM SURVEY (ERM DECEMBER 2017) 16 3.2.5 LAND CLEARING ASSESSMENT 17 3.3 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES BASELINE VALUES 26 3.3.1 COMMUNITY SURVEYS 27 3.4 DATA COLLECTION 27 3.4.1 PRIORITY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 32 3.4.2 MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PRIORITY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 32 3.5 PRIORITY BIODIVERSITY VALUES 34 3.5.1 LEGALLY PROTECTED AND INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNISED AREAS 34 3.5.2 THREATENED SPECIES 42 3.5.3 DATA GAPS IN EXISTING SURVEY DATA 45 3.5.4 CRITICAL HABITAT 50 3.5.5 INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES 75 3.5.6 PRIORITY ECOSYSTEM SERVICES 79 4 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT 80 4.1 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY 80 4.1.1 APPROACH 80 4.1.2 SCOPING OF LIKELY IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY VALUES 80 ERM-SIAM SUPREME ENERGY RANTAU DEDAP I 4.1.3 SCREENING OF KEY PROJECT ACTIVITIES/ASPECTS RELATING TO POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS 81 4.2 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT ASSESSMENT 83 4.2.1 IMPACT ANALYSIS 83 4.3 BIODIVERSITY IMPACT TYPOLOGY 85 4.4 HABITAT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EXPLORATION/CONSTRUCTION PHASE) 85 4.4.1 LOSS OF TERRESTRIAL HABITAT 85 4.4.2 CHANGES TO AQUATIC HABITAT 86 4.4.3 DISTURBANCE AND DISPLACEMENT OF RESIDENT SPECIES 87 4.4.4 BARRIER TO TERRESTRIAL FAUNA MOVEMENT 88 4.4.5 FRAGMENTATION AND EDGE EFFECTS 89 4.4.6 DEGRADATION OF HABITATS 93 4.4.7 FAUNA MORTALITY 95 4.5 HABITAT IMPACT ASSESSMENT (OPERATION PHASE) 96 4.5.1 LOSS OF HABITAT – INDUCED CLEARING 96 4.5.2 DISTURBANCE AND DISPLACEMENT OF RESIDENT SPECIES 96 4.5.3 FRAGMENTATION AND EDGE EFFECTS 97 4.5.4 DEGRADATION OF HABITATS 97 4.5.5 FAUNA MORTALITY 98 4.6 THREATENED SPECIES IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ALL PHASES) 98 4.6.1 IMPACTS TO FLORA 98 4.6.2 IMPACTS TO BIRDS 99 4.6.3 IMPACTS TO MAMMALS 101 4.6.4 IMPACTS TO HERPETOFAUNA 103 4.7 IMPACTS TO FISH 105 4.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR CRITICAL HABITAT SPECIES (ALL PHASES) 106 4.8.1 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR RAFFLESIA BENGKULUENSIS 106 4.8.2 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR VANDA FOETIDA 107 4.8.3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR MALAYAN PANGOLIN (MANIS JAVANICA) 108 4.8.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR BROAD-NOSED SUMATRAN MAXOMYS (MAXOMYS INFLATUS) 109 4.8.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR SUMATRAN TIGER (PANTHERA TIGRIS SUMATRAE) 110 4.8.6 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR SUMATRAN GROUND-CUCKOO (CARPOCOCCYX VIRIDIS) 111 4.8.7 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR SUMATRAN SURILI (PRESBYTIS MELALOPHOS) 112 4.8.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR SIAMANG (SYMPHALANGUS SYNDACTYLUS) 113 4.8.9 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR MALAYAN TAPIR (TAPIRUS INDICUS) 114 4.8.10 IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR RHACOPHORUS BIFASCIATUS 115 4.9 DECOMMISSIONING PHASE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 116 4.10 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IMPACT ASSESSMENT 116 4.10.1 METHODS 116 1.1.2 RESULTS 119 4.10.2 FRESHWATER 119 5 MITIGATION MEASURES, MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING 121 5.1 EXPLORATION/CONSTRUCTION PHASE 121 5.2 HABITAT MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT (OPERATION PHASE) 129 5.3 CRITICAL HABITAT MITIGATION AND MANAGEMENT MEASURES (ALL PHASES) 132 ERM-SIAM SUPREME ENERGY RANTAU DEDAP II 6 ASSESSMENT OF NO-NET-LOSS/NET GAIN 137 6.1 RESIDUAL IMPACTS ON BIODIVERSITY VALUES 137 6.1.1 HABITATS 137 6.1.2 CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANT SPECIES 137 6.1.3 CRITICAL HABITAT SPECIES 137 6.2 HABITAT BIODIVERSITY OFFSET ASSESSMENT 141 6.3 BIODIVERSITY OFFSET CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS 141 6.3.1 IMPACT SITE HABITAT HECTARE CALCULATIONS 141 6.3.2 CANDIDATE OFFSET SITE HABITAT HECTARE CALCULATIONS 144 6.3.3 CALCULATION OF OFFSET SITE HABITAT HECTARES 146 7 REFERENCES 147 ANNEXES Annex A Endangered Species Report (Greencap 2015) Annex B Transmission Line and Brine Pipeline Botanical and Incidental Fauna Reports (ERM 2017) Annex C Forest Borrow Use Permit issued to SERD Annex D Ecosystem Services Assessment (ERM 2017) Annex E Aquatic Survey Report SERD (ERM 2017) ERM-SIAM SUPREME ENERGY RANTAU DEDAP III LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Project Area and Project Area of Influence 3 Figure 2.1 Project Components 7 Figure 3.1 Baseline Survey Locations (Greencap, 2016) 11 Figure 3.2 Aquatic Survey Sampling Locations 20 Figure 3.3 Land Clearing within the Project Area and AoI 21 Figure 3.4 Land Classes within the Project Area and Area of Influence (from GreenCap 2017) 24 Figure 3.5 Natural Habitat and Modified Habitat within the Project Area and Area of Influence 25 Figure 3.6 Location of Legally Protected and Internationally Recognised Areas within 50km of the Project Area 35 Figure 3.7 Tiger Conservation Landscapes 39 Figure 3.8 Indonesian Forest Moratorium Area 40 Figure 3.9 Indonesian Forestry Classifications within the Project Area and AoI 41 Figure 3.10 Location of Critically Endangered Species records (Greencap, 2017) 46 Figure 3.11 Location of Endangered Species records (Greencap, 2017) 47 Figure 3.12 Location of Vulnerable Species records (Greencap, 2017) 48 Figure 3.13 Locations of Protected Plant Species 49 Figure 3.14 Discrete Management Unit and AoI 54 Figure 3.15 Locations of Invasive Plant Species 78 Figure 4.1 Indirect Impact Area 92 ERM-SIAM SUPREME ENERGY RANTAU DEDAP IV LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Landsat Satellite Imagery Selected for Analysis 13 Table 3.2 Fish Species identified at SERD (December 2017) 17 Table 3.3 Clearing within Sumatra Provinces, 2013/14 18 Table 3.4 Land Clearing Assessment Results 18 Table 3.5 Land Classes within the Project Area 22 Table 3.6 Natural and Modified Habitats within the Project Area and Project AoI 22 Table 3.7 Natural and Modified Habitat within the Project Area and Area of Influence 23 Table 3.8 Details of surveys conducted in project area. 28 Table 3.9 Results of Ecosystem Services Prioritization 29 Table 3.10 Priority ecosystem services 32 Table 3.11 Proposed Ecosystem Service Mitigations 33 Table 3.12 Forest Classifications under the Indonesian Forestry Law (1999) 38 Table 3.13 Threatened Species identified or likely to occur within the AoI 43 Table 3.14 Criteria Habitat Criteria (IFC PS6 Guidance Note 2012) 51 Table 3.15 Area of Impact within the DMU 53 Table 3.16 Candidate Critical Habitat Species (Criteria 1-3) and Assessment 56 Table 3.17 Invasive species known from the Area of Influence 76 Table 3.18 Priority Ecosystem Services 79 Table 4.1 Types of Threats to Biodiversity Values 81 Table 4.2 Screening of Key Project Activities/Aspects Relating to Potential Biodiversity Impacts 82 Table 4.3 Habitat Impact Assessment – Significance Criteria 83 Table 4.4 Species Impact Assessment – Significance Criteria 84 Table 4.5 Impact Assessment Summary – Permanent and Temporary Loss of Habitat 86 Table 4.6 Impact Assessment Summary – Light, noise and vibration 88 Table 4.7 Impact Assessment Summary – Barrier to Fauna Movement 89 Table 4.8 Impact Assessment Summary – Fragmentation and Edge effects 91 Table 4.9 Impact Assessment Summary – Degradation of Habitats 94 Table 4.10 Impact Assessment Summary – Fauna Mortality 96 Table 4.11 Impact Assessment Summary – Disturbance and displacement of resident species 97 Table 4.12 Flora of Conservation Significance 98 Table 4.13 Impact Assessment Summary – Flora during construction and operation 99 Table 4.14 Birds of conservation significance identified within the Project Area 100 Table 4.15 Impact Assessment Summary – Birds during construction and operation 101 Table 4.16 Mammals of conservation significance identified within the Project Area 102 Table 4.17 Impact Assessment Summary – Mammals during construction and operation 103 Table 4.18 Herpetofauna of conservation significance identified within the Project Area 103 Table 4.19 Impact Assessment Summary – Herpetofauna during construction and operation 104 Table 4.20 Fish of Conservation Significance within the Project Area 105 Table 4.21 Impact Assessment Summary – Fish during construction and operation 105 Table 4.22 Impact Assessment Summary – R.
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