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United States Department of State Washington, D.C.

WORLD PEACE COUNCIL: INSTRUMENT April 1982 OF SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY

The World Peace Council (WPC) was tion cannot always be reconciled founded in 1949 as the World Com with the desired image of independ mittee of Partisans for Peace and ence and nonalignment. In 1949, fol first adopted its present title in lowing the expulsion of Yugoslavia 1950. It was based in Paris until from the Cominform, the WPC expelled 1951 when it was expelled for what its Yugoslav representatives. Simi the French Government termed -"fifth larly, the Sino-Soviet dispute led column activities." It moved to to the WPC's ostracism of China, Prague and then in 1954 to Vienna, which later became a major critic of where it remained until banned in all Soviet fronts. Nikita Khrush 1957 by the Austrian Interior Min chev's revelations of Stalinist ex ister for "activities directed cesses at the 20th Soviet Communist against the Austrian state." How Party Congress in February 1956 and ever, it continued to operate in the suppression of the Hungarian up Vienna under the legal cover of the rising by Soviet troops the follow.ing newly established International In November cost the fronts considerable stitute for Peace until· its move to popular support. After the Soviet its present location in Helsinki in led invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. The International Institute Augnst 1968, Moscow, in order to for Peace subsequently emerged as restore discipline, replaced nearly a separate Soviet front with strong all major Communist-front officials. links to the WPC. Although opposition to Soviet con In recent years, the WPC has trol occasionally occurs within the expanded its activities while try WPC, the leaders are usually able to ing to broaden its appeal and sound confine dissent to private meetings less like a cold war propaganda of commissions or subcommissions. vehicle. It has sought support in Dissenting views seldom find their the Third World by posing as an in way into the large-scale WPC-spon dependent body identifying with sored public gatherings. When, for such causes as opposition to U.S. example, Soviet human rights ac "aggression" in Vietnam, anticolo tivist Andre Sakharov sent a message nialism, and assistance to "liber in 1976 to a WPC-sponsored forum on ation movements." In NATO coun disarmament in York, Great Britain, tries, it has exploited fears of it was not read to delegates as nuclear war by stimulating and/or Sakharov had requested. At meetings sponsoring antinuclear rallies and in 1977, non-Communist participants advocating Soviet-supported disar embarrassed WPC leaders by askin~ mament policies. questions about hwnan rights viol::c- The WPC and similar fronts peri tions in the U.S.S.R., but none odically have faced internal prob of this found its way into the le~s because their Soviet affilia- official reports. More recently,

An informal research study for background information the December 1979 Soviet invasion of WPC between Council sessions. The Afghanistan apparently once again Presidential Committee has 26 vice generated dissension within the WPC. presidents (of which 11 are known Two months elapsed before the WPC to be members of pro-Soviet Com issued a statement endorsing the munist parties) and 146 members. Afghan invasion. It holds regular annual and occa sional emergency meetings. WPC MEMBERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION President Ramesh Chandra, a mem The WPC has attracted the support of ber of the Politburo of India's Moscow-line Communist party, some prestigious non-Communist fig chairs the Committee. ures--literary, humanitarian, scien -- A Bureau of the Presidential tific, religious, and others--who Committee, consisting of the WPC are motivated by a genuine concern president, vice presidents, and for peace and not dissuaded by the representatives of selected na preponderance of Soviet and pro tional peace committees, imple Soviet personnel in key WPC leader ship and decision-making positions. ments decisions and plans future activities and "programs of ac Total membership information has tion." It meets three to four never been made public. Most of the members, moreover, do not belong times a year. to the WPC itself, but to affiliates -- The Secretariat, a full-time at the national level. The WPC executive staff appointed by the claims that 135 national "peace Presidential Committee, is respon committees"--e.g., the U.S. Peace sible for proposing new activities Committee, the Soviet Peace Com and for implementing Council, Presi mittee, the Syrian Peace Commit dential Committee, and Bureau decisions. teo--make up its network of local chapters. FUNDING Historically, it has been the function of the fronts to mobilize The WPC claims to be funded by con those elements of society not nor tributions from national peace com mally reached by local, Moscow mittees, donations to its World linked Communist parties--for ex Peace Fund, and special collections. ample, sympathizers not wishing to The evidence, however, strongly sug commit themselves entirely to party gests that the bulk of its expenses discipline and those interested are met by the Soviet Union. In ad only in particular issues or moved dition, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, by certain emotional appeals. Lenin Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Cuba saw the potential of international provide material and financial sup port to the WPC, usually in the form mass organizations as a means to 1 marshal public support for party di of airline service and hotel expenses. rectives. In the 1930s during the According to the Soviet English "popular front" period, Willi Munzen language weekly Moscow New~ (No. 19, berg, a veteran Communist organizer working for the Comintern, spoke 1 cynically of international front In a letter published in the New organizations as "innocents' clubs." Statesman (October 17, 1980), a cor The WPC is organized into four respondent identified as Ruth Tosek, principal bodies. a "former senior interpreter for several of the Moscow-controlled or -- The Council, which meets every ganizations," stated that "all funds 3 years, is the organization's of these organizations, in local and highest authority comprising repre in hard currency, are provided above sentatives of cooperating interna all by the Soviet Union, but also by tional organizations and national other East European satellite coun peace committees. tries on ~he basis of set contribu -- The Presidential Committee, tion rates, paid by the governments elected by the Council, is nomi of these countries through various nally responsible for running the channels."

2 1981), the Soviet Peace Fund helps said in response to questioning that to finance "some" of the WPC's "large the WPC's account~ were not inde public initiatives." 2 Writing in pendentl y audited but rather were 20th Century and Peace (April 1980), reviewed by the WPC itself. In ad Soviet Peace Fund Chairman Boris dition, he reported that the finan Polevoi asserted that his clients cial statements submitted to ECOSOC include "the leaders of the inter represented only a f raction of his national democratic organizations organization's actual income and working for peace : The Fund regular expenditure. Chandra made these ly gives them assistance in organiz statements while avoi ding committee ing their undertakings." Polevoi questions regarding the source of also revealed that the Fund works WPC financial contributions. Ac closely with the Soviet Peace Com cording to the ECOSOC Report mittee, which aims "to render finan (March 16, 1981), ECOSOC members cial aid to the organizations, move concluded that the WPC "had re ments and personalities fighting ceived large-scale financial support for stronger peace, national inde from government sources, and had pendence and freedom ." Referring gone to great lengths to conceal to the October 1973 World Congress that fact from the committee." of Peace Forces in Moscow, an event organized jointly by the WPC and EXTENT OF SOVIET CONTROL the Soviet Peace Committee, the November 1973 issue of the WPC's In June 1981, at a Kremlin cere Peace Courier reported that "Soviet mony, Soviet President Leonid public organizations ... covered Brezhnev presented Chandra , WPC all the delegates' maintenance ex president since 1977, with the penses in Moscow. Soviet citizens Order of Lenin. Citing Chandra's donated to the Soviet Peace Fund- service to the "ideals of peace , which covered the delegates' main his selflessness in the bitter tenance expenses--about $200,000. struggle against the forces of mili Moscow's Patriarchate also donated tarism and aggression," Brezhnev 3 million rubles." expressed gratification that the At a February 9-19, 1981, ses Soviet "peace program" for the 1980s sion of the U.N. Committee of Non met with "full understanding" from Governmental Organizations, the WPC such an " authoritative movement as was forced to withdraw its applica the movement of peace champions" tion for upgrading its consultative (~Jth Certury and Peace, August status with the U.N. Economic and 1981). This act symbolizes the im Social Council (ECOSOC) in the face portance the Soviets attach to the of adverse criticism from ECOSOC WPC: The Order of Lenin is one of members. WPC President Chandra the most prestigious Soviet awards and is presented personally by Brezhnev only on rare occasions. 2 Control is exercised over the The Soviet Peace Fund is a na WPC by the Communist Party of the tionwide organization with the rep Soviet Union 's (CPSU) Central Com resentatives scattered throughout mittee through its International most of the U.S.S.R.'s cities, Department (ID), which is headed by towns , and villages. A common Central Committee Secretary and method by which money is collected Politburo candidate member Boris for the Soviet Peace Fund is for Ponomarev. The ID maintains a individual factories , plants, and special branch, known as the Inter collective farms to hold a 1-day national Social Organizations Sec "work shift for peace." According tor, which is responsible exclusively to the Soviet publication 20th Cen for front organizations. The special tury and Peace (December 1981), the branch falls under the general re Krasnoyarsk Peace Committee received sponsibility of Vitaliy Shaposhnikov, 2 million rubles in donations for a depu ty ID chief who is at the the Soviet Peace Fund in 1981. same time a member of the WPC's

3 Presidential Committee. Georgiy the Near East. President Carter's Zhukov, also a member of the WPC's decision to postpone development of Presidential Committee, is a candi the neutron warhead was then touted date member of the CPSU Central as a victory for world "peace forces." Committee, a member of the U.S.S.R. The December 1979 NATO decision Parliamentary Group, a deputy-chair to modernize its intermediate-range man of the U.S.S.R.-U.S.A. Society, nuclear forces (INF) in response to and the chairman of the Soviet Peace the deployment of Soviet SS-20 mis Committee--the U.S.S.R's national siles targeted on Europe now serves affiliate of the WPC. Through such the WPC as the focus of a vigorously direct lines to key WPC officials, conducted campaign for "peace, dis the CPSU can often control de armament and detente" designed to cisions on WPC projects and activi influence European public opinion ties as well as the content of against NATO's plans. At the same statements, communiques, and reso time, the WPC avoids criticizing or lutions stemming from WPC events. even discussing Soviet and Warsaw Pact military deployments. Instead, Since its original "Stockholm during the past year, it has pro Appeal" for "banning the bomb" in moted Brezhnev's proposals for ne 1950, the WPC has consistently ad gotiations, organized "peace" rallies, vanced Soviet positions on contro- and issued formal condemnations of versial international issues. NATO defense policies. For example, in conjunction Some 200 representatives of 85 with other front organizations, it organizations from 30 European coun established the "Stockholm Confer tries, the United States, and Canada, ence on Vietnam," active from 19 6 7- as well as from 13 international 68 until the withdrawal of U.S. organizations, attended a WPC troops from Indochina in 1913. It organized "International Conference supported the "International 2om Against the Arms Race" in Stockholm, mission of Inquiry into U.S. War June 6-8, 1981. Discussions focused Crimes in Vietnam," created in on the modernization of medium-range 1970 as a subsidiary of the Stock U.S. missiles in Europe, the "neutron holm Conference. Throughout the bomb," and the consequences of nuclear Vietnam war, the WPC sent many war; Soviet SS-20 missiles were not "peace" delegations to North Viet mentioned. The conferees proposed nam and regularly issued statements sending a delegation to the United supporting Soviet policy on the States to "report the mood of Euro war. More recently, in March pean public opinion" regarding U.S. 1979, the WPC staged an "Interna nuclear policies; a conference com tional Conference on Vietnam" to munique also condemned NATO's INF condemn the Chinese, and in May plans. 1980 it organized a "special con WPC's Chandra and representatives ference" in Hanoi to mark the 90th of a number of other Soviet-controlled anniversary of the birth of Ho Chi international fronts staged a Sep Minh. tember 12-13, 1981, "International The anti-"neutron bomb" cam Organizations Meeting" in Prague on paign initiated by the Soviets in "ways of averting nuclear war." mid-1977 provided the WPC and af Some 60 participants, repre filiated fronts with an opportunity senting peace committees from 21 to revive ban-the-bomb agitation European countries, attended an Oc and to claim that the United States tober 2-4, 1981, "European Peace was pursuing military policies Committees Meeting" in Kosice, which disregarded the interests of Czechoslovakia. Held under the its European allies. The WPC pro slogan "For a Europe of Peace and claimed August 6-13, 1977, a Week of Without Nuclear Arms," the meeting Action against the bomb and organized was organized by a WPC affiliate, and helped orchestrate several peace the CzeGhoslovak Peace Committee, as and anti-bomb demonstrations in a continuation of the June 1981 Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Stockholm Conference on Disarmament

4 and Military Detente in Europe. WPC will seek to operate however Chandra told a press conference Soviet foreign policy interests dic in New Delhi on November 30, 1981, tate. As Romesh Chandra put it when that the WPC was seeking a "winter speaking in Moscow in 1975: "The offensive" in support of the "mass Soviet Union invariably supports the movement for disarmament" in Europe. peace movement. The World Peace The current priority of Soviet Council in its turn positively re diplomacy is to prevent INF moderni acts to all Soviet initiatives in 11 zation in Western Europe, and the international affairs. 3 WPC is expected to concentrate its efforts on this issue. Nevertheless, in line with its past record, the 3 New Times, Moscow, July 1975.

5 Foreign Affairs Note

United States Department of State Washington, D.C.

WORLD PEACE COUNCIL: INSTRUMENT April 1982 OF SOVIET FOREIGN POLICY

The World Peace Council (WPC) was tion cannot always be reconciled founded in 1949 as the World Com with the desired image of independ mittee of Partisans for Peace and ence and nonalignment. In 1949, fol first adopted its present title in lowing the expulsion of Yugoslavia 1950. It was based in Paris until from the Cominform, the WPC expelled 1951 when it was expelled for what its Yugoslav representatives. Simi the French Government termed ·" fifth larly, the Sino-Soviet dispute led column activities." It moved to to the WPC's ostracism of China, Prague and then in 1954 to Vienna, which later became a major critic of where it remained until banned in all Soviet fronts. Nikita Khrush 1957 by the Austrian Interior Min chev's revelations of Stalinist ex ister for "activities directed cesses at the 20th Soviet Communist against the Austrian state." How Party Congress in February 1956 and ever, it continued to operate in the suppression of the Hungarian up Vienna under the legal cover of the rising by Soviet troops the follow.ing newly established International In November cost the fronts considerable stitute for Peace unti~ its move to popular support. After the Soviet its present location in Helsinki in led invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968. The International Institute Augnst 1968, Moscow, in order to for Peace subsequently emerged as restore discipline, replaced nearly a separate Soviet front with strong all major Communist-front officials. links to the WPC. Although opposition to Soviet con In recent years, the WPC has trol occasionally occurs within the expanded its activities while try WPC, the leaders are usually able to ing to broaden its appeal and sound confine dissent to private meetings less like a cold war propaganda of commissions or subcommissions. vehicle. It has sought support in Dissenting views seldom find their the Third World by posing as an in way into the large-scale WPC-spon dependent body identifying with sored public gatherings. When, for such causes as opposition to U.S. example, Soviet human rights ac "aggression" in Vietnam, anticolo tivist Andre Sakharov sent a message nialism, and assistance to "liber in 1976 to a WPC-sponsored forum on ation movements." In NATO coun disarmament in York, Great Britain, tries, it has exploited fears of it was not read to delegates as nuclear war by stimulating and/or Sakharov had requested. At meetings sponsoring antinuclear rallies and in 1977, non-Communist participants advocating Soviet-supported disar embarrassed WPC leaders by askins mament policies. questions about human rights viol:::i.-· The WPC and similar fronts peri tions in the U.S.S.R., but none odically have faced internal prob of this found its way into the le~s because their Soviet affilia- official reports. More recently,

An informal research study for background information the December 1979 Soviet invasion of WPC between Council sessions. The Afghanistan apparently once again Presidential Committee has 26 vice generated dissension within the WPC. presidents (of which 11 are known Two months elapsed before the WPC to be members of pro-Soviet Com issued a statement endorsing the munist parties) and 146 members. Afghan invasion. It holds regular annual and occa sional emergency meetings. WPC MEMBERSHIP AND ORGANIZATION President Ramesh Chandra, a mem The WPC has attracted the support of ber of the Politburo oI India's Moscow-line Communist party, some prestigious non-Communist fig ures--literary, humanitarian, scien chairs the Cammi t tee. -- A Bureau of the Presidential tific, religious, and others--who are motivated by a genuine concern Committee, consisting of the WPC president, vice presidents, and for peace and not dissuaded by the preponderance of Soviet and pro representatives of selected na Soviet personnel in key WPC leader tional peace committees, imple ship and decision-making positions. ments decisions and plans future ac ti vi ties and "programs of ac Total membership information has tion." It meets three to four never been made public. Most of the members, moreover, do not belong times a year. to the WPC itself, but to affiliates -- The Secretariat, a full-time at the national level. The WPC executive staff appointed by the claims that 135 national "peace Presidential Committee, is respon committees"--e.g., the U.S. Peace sible for proposing new activities Committee, the Soviet Peace Com and for implementing Council, Presi dential Committee, and Bureau mittee, the Syrian Peace Commit decisions. tes --make up its network of local chapters. FUNDING Historically, it has been the function of the fronts to mobilize The WPC claims to be funded by con those elements of society not nor tributions from national peace com mally reached by local, Moscow mittees, donations to its World linked Communist parties--for ex Peace Fund, and special collections. ample, sympathizers not wishing to The evidence, however, strongly sug commit themselves entirely to party gests that the bulk of its expenses discipline and those interested are met by the Soviet Union. In ad only in particular issues or moved dition, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, by certain emotional appeals. Lenin Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, and Cuba saw the potential of international provide material and financial sup port to the WPC, usually in the form mass organizations as a means to 1 marshal public support for party di of airline service and hotel expenses. rectives. In the 1930s during the According to the Soviet English "popular front" period, Willi Munzen language weekly Moscow New~ (No. 19, berg, a veteran Communist organizer working for the Comintern, spoke 1 cynically of international front In a letter published in the New organizations as "innocents' clubs." Statesman (October 17, 1980), a cor The WPC is organized into four respondent identified as Ruth Tosek, principal bodies. a "former senior interpreter for several of the Moscow-controlled or -- The Council, which meets every ganizations," stated that "all funds 3 years, is the organization's of these organizations, in local and highest authority comprising repre in hard currency, are provided above sentatives of cooperating interna all by the Soviet Union, but also by tional organizations and national other East European satellite coun peace committees. tries on ~he basis of set contribu -- The Presidential Committee, tion rates, paid by the governments elected by the Council, is nomi of these countries through various nally responsible for running the channels."

2 1981), the Soviet Peace Fund helps said in response to questioning that to finance "some" of the WPC's "large the WPC's accounts were not inde pu blic. ini . . t.ia t.ives. " 2 Writinq in pendently audited but rather were 20th Century and Peace (April 1980), reviewed by the WPC itself. In ad Soviet Peace Fund Chairman Boris dition, he reported that the finan Polevoi asserted that his clients cial statements submitted to ECOSOC include "the leaders of the inter represented only a fraction of his national democratic organizations organization's actual income and working for peace: The Fund reqular expenditure. Chandra made these ly gives them assistance in organiz statements while avoiding committee ing their undertakings." Polevoi questions regarding the source of also revealed that the Fund works WPC financial contributions. Ac closely with the Soviet Peace Com cording to the ECOSOC Report mittee, which aims "to render finan (March 16, 1981), ECOSOC members cial aid to the organizations, move concluded that the WPC "had re ments and personalities fighting ceived large-scale financial support for stronger peace, national inde from government sources, and had pendence and· freedom." Referring gone to great lengths to conceal to the October 1973 World Congress that fact from the committee." of Peace Forces in Moscow, an event organized jointly by the WPC and EXTENT OF SOVIET CONTROL the Soviet Peace Committee, the November 1973 issue of the WPC's In June 1981, at a Kremlin cere Peace Courier reported that "Soviet mony, Soviet President Leonid public organizations. . covered Brezhnev presented Chandra, WPC all the delegates' maintenance ex president since 1977, with the penses in Moscow. Soviet citizens Order of Lenin. Citing Chandra's donated to the Soviet Peace Fund- service to the "ideals of peace, which covered the delegates' main his selflessness in the bitter tenance expenses--about $200,000. struggle against the forces of mili Moscow's Patriarchate also donated tarism and aggression," Brezhnev 3 million rubles." expressed gratification that the At a February 9-19, 1981, ses Soviet "peace program" for the 1980s sion of the U.N. Committee of Non met with "full understanding" from Governmental Organizations, the WPC such an "authoritative movement as was forced to withdraw its applica the movement of peace champions" tion for upgrading its consultative (~0th Certury and Peace, August status with the U.N. Economic and 1981). This act symbolizes the im Social Council (ECOSOC) in the face portance the Soviets attach to the of adverse criticism from ECOSOC WPC: The Order of Lenin is one of members. WPC President Chandra the most prestigious Soviet awards and is presented personally by Brezhnev only on rare occasions. 2 Control is exercised over the The Soviet Peace Fund is a na WPC by the Communist Party of the tionwide organization with the rep Soviet Union's (CPSU) Central Com resentatives scattered throughout mittee through its . International most of the U.S.S.R. 's cities, Department (ID), which is headed by towns, and villages. A common Central Committee Secretary and method by which money is collected Politburo candidate member Boris for the Soviet Peace Fund is for Ponomarev. The ID maintains a individual factories, plants, and special branch, known as the Inter collective farms to hold a 1-day national Social Organizations Sec "work shift for peace." According tor, which is responsible exclusively to the Soviet publication 20th Cen for front organizations. The special tury and Peace (December 1981), the branch falls under the general re Krasnoyarsk Peace Committee received sponsibility of Vitaliy Shaposhnikov, 2 million rubles in donations for a deputy ID chief who is at the the Soviet Peace Fund in 1981. same time a member of the WPC's

3 Presidential Committee. Georgiy the Near East. President Carter's Zhukov, also a member of the WPC's decision to postpone development of Presidential Committee, is a candi the neutron warhead was then touted date member of the CPSU Central as a victory for world "peace forces." Committee, a member of the U.S.S.R. The December 1979 NATO decision Parliamentary Group, a deputy-chair to modernize its intermediate-range man of the U.S.S.R.-U.S.A. Society, nuclear forces (INF) in response to and the chairman of the Soviet Peace the deployment of Soviet SS-20 mis Committee--the U.S.S.R's national siles targeted on Europe now serves affiliate of the WPC. Through such the WPC as the focus of a vigorously direct lines to key WPC officials, conducted campaign for "peace, dis the CPSU can often control de armament and detente" designed to cisions on WPC projects and activi influence European public opinion ties as well as the content of against NATO's plans. At the same statements, communiques, and reso time, the WPC avoids criticizing or lutions stemming from WPC events. even discussing Soviet and Warsaw Pact military deployments. Instead, Since its original "Stockholm during the past year, it has pro Appeal" for "banning the bomb" in moted Brezhnev's proposals for ne 1950, the WPC has consistently ad gotiations, organized "peace" rallies, vanced Soviet positions on contro and issued formal condemnations of versial international issues. NATO defense policies. For example, in conjunction Some 200 representatives of 85 with other front organizations, it organizations from 30 European coun established the "Stockholm Confer tries, the United States, and Canada, ence on Vietnam," active from 1967- as well as from 13 international 68 until the withdrawal of U.S. organizations, attended a WPC troops from Indochina in 1913. It organized "International Conference supported the "International ·.:::om Against the Arms Race" in Stockholm, mission of Inquiry into U.S. War June 6-8, 1981. Discussions focused Crimes in Vietnam," created in on the modernization of medium-range 1970 as a subsidiary of the Stock U.S. missiles in Europe, the "neutron holm Conference. Throughout the bomb," and the consequences of nuclear Vietnam war, the WPC sent many war; Soviet SS-20 missiles were not "peace" delegations to North Viet mentioned. The conferees proposed nam and regularly issued statements sending a delegation to the United supporting Soviet policy on the States to "report the mood of Euro war. More recently, in March pean public opinion" regarding U.S. 19 79, the WPC staged an "In terna nuclear policies; a conference com tional Conference on Vietnam" to munique also condemned NATO's INF condemn the Chinese, and in May plans. 1980 it organized a "special con ference" in Hanoi to mark the 90th WPC's Chandra and representatives of a number of other Soviet-controlled anniversary of the birth of Ho Chi Minh. international fronts staged a Sep tember 12-13, 1981, "International The anti-"neutron bomb" cam Organizations Meeting" in Prague on paign initiated by the Soviets in "ways of averting nuclear war." mid-1977 provided the WPC and af Some 60 participants, repre filiated fronts with an opportunity senting peace committees from 21 to revive ban-the-bomb agitation European countries, attended an Oc and to claim that the United States tober 2-4, 1981, "European Peace was pursuing military policies Committees Meeting" in Kosice, which disregarded the interests of Czechoslovakia. Held under the its European allies. The WPC pro slogan "For a Europe of Peace and claimed August 6-13, 1977, a Week of Without Nuclear Arms," the meeting Action against the bomb and organized was organized by a WPC affiliate, and helped orchestrate several peace the Czechoslovak Peace Committee, as and anti-bomb demonstrations in a continuation of the June 1981 Europe, Africa, Latin America, and Stockholm Conference on Disarmament

5 I CA PRESS GUIDANCE (if asked only) I June 2, 1982 I VISA REFUSALS OF JAPANESE APPLICANTS TO SSOD

Q. Have the 300 Japanese applicants been denied visas to attend the UN Special session on Disarmament because they are advocates against the use of nuclear weapons as reported by the New York Times?

A. No. Hundreds of visas have been granted to Japanese applicants who are members of antinuclear organizations. Most of the 348 Japanese applicants who have been denied have been members of Gensuikyo, an organization closely affiliated with the world Peace council. The world Peace Council is an organization with strong affiliations with the Communist Party of the soviet Union. we are denying visas in those cases as required under section 212(a)(28) of the Immig~ation and Nationality Act which prohibits the issuance of a visa to anyone who is a member of or affiliated with a proscribed organization. Both the World Peace Council and Gensuikyo are proscribed organizations.

As required by the McGovern amendment, the cases are now 2

being referred to the Attorney General, who will consider on a case-by-case basis whether specific grounds of ineligibility will be waived and entry visas issued for members of proscribed organizations. so the process is not yet complete. The denials are not directed specifically toward Japan, but based on longstanding provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act. In addition, there have been administrative p~oblems with processing so many applications in such a relatively short period of time.

Q. What is the basis for making the world peace council a proscribed organization?

A. The world Peace council has long standing direct political and financial affiliation with the Communist Party of the soviet Union, which forms the basis for determining the council's status as a proscribed organization as defined under section 212 (a) (28.) of the Immigratioq and Nationality Act. The world Peace council's activities, policy line and financing suggest that it is an instrument of soviet policy. u. s. immigration law recognizes the existence of such groups and directs the executive branch to restrict their entry into the u. s. A more detailed account of the council's activities and affiliation with the soviet Union is 3

outlined in an April 1982 Department of State publication entitled wworld Peace Council: Instrument of soviet Foreign Policyw.

Q. How does the Department determine when an organization is proscribed?

A. section 212 (a) (28) of the Immigration and Nationality Act defines organizations in which membership in or affiliation with constitutes grounds for ineligibility. They include both Communist Parties and other organizations affiliated with Communist Parties. If a question arises about an individual organization's possible Communist affiliation, it has to be be resolved on the basis of the best evidence we can acquire.

Q. Does the Department have a list of such organizations?

A. As individual organizations are determined to be Communist or affiliated, this information is furnished to consular officers in order to avoid having to go through the fact-finding process repetitively. It is important to note, however, membership in an organization which is Communist-affiliated makes an alien ineligible to receive 4

a visa, even if we become aware of the Communist affiliation for the first time in considering the visa application. \ \ I Q. Can those persons denied visas appeal the decision?

A. If applicants believe that circumstances have changed or they have new information, they can request that the decision be reconsidered.

Q. When were the applications submitted to our posts in Japan and when were they denied? A. I understand the applications were only received in the Department about ten days ago and as processing has gone forward denials have resulted in the course of the past week.

Q. were not some of these people admitted to the last Special Session four years ago?

A. Perhaps~ In any event it is necessary to go through th~ procedure I have described in reviewing the present applications.

Q. Does that mean they will be denied this time?

A. As I indicated the Attorney General makes his decision on a case-by case basis. Drafted:CA/PA:JWebb:CA/REFritts 5/26/82 x26326 Doc. IDt 0716A Clearances: CA - REFritts CA/VO - EKreuser CA/VO - DMorris (substance) CA/VO - cscully (substance) EA/J - MVaeth INR - WYoung (substance) IO - FProvyen (substance) P - DLowenfeld L/CA - HCollums HA - EAbr ams ( .c.v.l...To.-u..,) INFO - ALL GEOGRAPHICPAOs H - CThibodeau/JMontgomery INS - VJervis I ·• 1 NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL .,., ' j July 13, 1982

"' TO: RIQIARD PIPE.5 CAREY I.ORD RICHARD IEVINE FRCM: KEN deGRAFFENREID

FYI.

Attachnent

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