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Foreign Policy of Independent India Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Foreign Policy of Independent India Saroj Kumar Timalsina Lecturer of Political Science Cum Assistant campus chief at Bhaktapur Multiple Campus, T .U Nepal Abstract:- This article titled “Foreign policy of behavior patterns of a state in course of diplomatic Independent India”is based on the reflections of Indian lobbying with other states to protect its own interests. Thus, foreign policy adopted after independency .Foreign foreign policy is a set of norms and values adopted and policy principles of India are panchasheela , NAM, applied by the nation states to establish, extend and protect respect to international law, respect to UN, regionalism national interest in international political scenario (SAARC, BIMSTIC) but in terms of foreign policy practice India is dominating towards its immediate It is strategy in dealing with other nations. It is also neighbors but bowing towards powerful nations . called means to conduct foreign relations consisting of self- interest strategieschosen by the state to safeguard its Objectives of the Study: national interests and to achieve goals within its Broadly, this article has made its objective to study international relationsmilieu. In next term, it can be termed the overall Indian foreign policy but specially, India’s as the plan of action adopted by one nation in regards toits foreign policy of independent India and to find out its diplomatic dealings with other countries dual role in terms of implementation contradiction is (https://en.m.Wikipedia.org/www.businessdictionary.com). focused. It is such wheel around that the machinery of Methodology of Study: international politics revolves and operates (www. This study is carried out on the basis of available Studylecturenotes.com). Likewise, foreign policies are resources i.e. books, journals, newspapers, interviews of claimed to be driven by ideology but in reality this is more scholarly people broadcasted and published, online so in rhetoric and articulation of foreign policy than in its materials, internet articles and so on. It means substantive evolution and implementation. Thus, foreign descriptive method of study is mainly applied while policy followed by a nation in its diplomatic intercourse conducting this research. with other nations that is designed to attain national objectives. It means, foreign policy refers to how a Limitation of Study: government deals with other countries in the interests of the This study is limited on Indian foreign policy since nations. It includes such matters as international trade and 1950-2019 A. D. The article has defined basic principles defense. It ischosen to safeguard the interests of the nation of Indian foreign policy as well as it has described the and its citizens. Indian foreign policy under Prime Minister Nehru (1947 - 63), Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964 – 66), Mrs. While knowing about India’s foreign policy, Indira Gandi (1967 – 76), Morarji Desai (1977 – 1980), Geopolitical Theory of international relation is more Mrs. Indira Gandi (1980 – 84), Rajeev Gandi (1984 – relevant because intellectual society from Indiaviews that 1989), VP. Singh (1989 – 1991), P.V. Narsimha Rao the geographical location, physical layout, extent of (1991 – 1996), H.D. DeveGowda (1996 – 1997), I.K. territory, population size, National character and the policy Gajral (1997 – 1998), Atal Behari Bajapayee (1998 – of government etc. are the major components of this theory. 2004), Dr. Man Mohan Singh (2004 – 2014), Narendra Modi 2014 onwards are referred here. II. FOREIGN POLICY OF INDIA Keywords:- Foreign Policy, Panchasheela, Non-Alignment, Constitutionally, Indian foreign policy is to be guided National Interest, Security Perspective. by the principles of the United Nations Charter, NON- Alignment Movement, Panchasheela, International law, I. INTRODUCTION Regionalism (SAARC, BIMSTIC), globalization and the norms of world peace and prosperity. Indian foreign Foreign policy is the manifestation of internal policy policyis shaped by the traditional principles drawn from the of state. It is the study of actions, interactions and reaction religious epics i.e. Gita and Mahabharata and mostly from between state and states, organizations and organizations the doctrine of statecraft framed by kautilya that guided and state and organizations (Dahal, 2002). George Indian foreign policy.Before independency, India was Modelski defines foreign it is the systematic activities lacking its formal foreign policy because it wasruled by evolved by a nation for bringing change in the behavior of British East India Company Government, BEICG. Pre- other states and for adjusting their own activities to the independency, foreign policy of India was disserved to environment.It also involves the formulation and have peace and friendship with neighbors. But after implementation of a group of principles which shape the independency, India adopted Nehruvian foreign policy. IJISRT19DEC576 www.ijisrt.com 946 Volume 4, Issue 12, December – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Indian foreign policy aims, principles and parameters TO maintain dynamic neutrality in the worldwide were framed by Jawharlal Nehru. They are:- power conflict. Opposition Colonialism and Imperialism: foreign policy India the world’s second largest populated country has of independent India has resistively opposed all forms world’s fifth largest military expenditure occupies second of colonialism and imperialism. India expressed her position in terms of largest armed force , third largest solidarity with the people of Asia and Africa in their economy and regional power of South Asia intends to fight against imperialism and colonialism. Now she is extend its regional and international glory through showing her concern against the rise of neo-colonialism successful penetration of foreign policy. In foreign policy in all its manifestation. there are no permanent friends or enemies, there are only Opposition to Racial Discrimination: From the very permanent national interest i.e.History, politics, economy, beginning India is against of all kinds of discriminations socio- cultural relationships including security and so on based on race and culture etc. (www.nef.org.np). Promotion of International Peace: In chapter IV and article 51 of Indian constitution under directive India was declared socialist republic through 1960’s principles of state policy it is referred that India enjoys constitutional amendment under the influence of socialist working for International peace and security. USSR. But it could not sustain. Till the end of 1980’s Pansheela and faith in peaceful co-existence : Indian foreign policy was highly guided by Nehruvian Mutual respect for other’s territorial integrity and thought .After that Indian foreign policy is about to shift sovereignty, from being a leader of the “third world” as a hope of rising Non-aggression, power of the region. Likewise, India could emerge as a Non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, great power in its own night. Likewise, India has big Quality and mutual benefit and tension on increasing foot prints of china in Nepal. Since th th Peaceful co-existence, it became very popular among May 11 and 13 , 1998 nuclear test of India called sovereign states like, USSR (erstwhile), Indonesia, (Pokharan Test) had shown the paradigm shift of Indian Myanmar, Yugoslavia, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Laos, foreign policy. Vietnam, etc. Special Relations with Asian States. India is a natural hegemony and where external actors Promotion of SAARC. have a history of madding is regions affairs; the contention Links with commonwealth. that domestic factors have had a deeper ole to play in Faith in UN charter. forming the limits of Indian foreign policy is explored Nuclear and conventional Disarmament but India has rather than converging on to the assertion of national self- not accepted Non-proliferation, NPT yet. interest. As Nepal believe in NAM, Panchasheela, Sharing cooperation under New International Economic Regionalism, Globalization, UN charter, International law, order. India also follows its foreign relations based on same Non-Aligned Movement, NAM (Nehru it’s one of its principles. Theoretically, Nepal-India relation is guided by founder father), further explains Maximum participation such principles but practically, India’s big brotherhood in internal affairs,Promotion of international policy is dominating its foreign policy. understanding, mutual co-operation, peaceful co- existence and respect for national sovereignty,avoidance The collapse of the USSR and the remarkable change of local regional and global wars, Strengthening the in global political order Indianforeign policyframers started cause of international peace and security, Consideration thinking at multiple levels. Here NAM had ceased to have of each international issue on its own merit and much meaning and it was shunned for all practical Pursuance of an independent foreign policy without purposes. A new course of foreign policy was sought by the aligning itself with any power or bloc. then Prime Minister I k Gujaral and later P.V.Narsimha National Interest: They change according to the needs, Rao .Gujaral had given due importance to peace with requirements and circumstances internal as well as neighbors. This doctrine is popularly known as Gujrat external. Even then, there
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