The MADS-Domain Protein PPM2 Preferentially Occurs in Gametangia
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Gametophore Buds
Glime, J. M. 2017. Ecophysiology of Development: Gametophore Buds. Chapt. 5-4. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. 5-4-1 Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 17 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 5-4 ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT: GAMETOPHORE BUDS TABLE OF CONTENTS Establishment Success ........................................................................................................................................ 5-4-2 Light and Photoperiod ......................................................................................................................................... 5-4-3 Growth Regulators .............................................................................................................................................. 5-4-4 Cytokinins .................................................................................................................................................... 5-4-4 Auxin-Cytokinin Interaction ........................................................................................................................ 5-4-6 Ethylene ....................................................................................................................................................... 5-4-8 Interactions with Other Organisms..................................................................................................................... -
Bryopsida- Sphagnum
Bryopsida- Sphagnum Dr. Pallavi J.N.L. College Khagaul • Distribution: • Classification • Sphagnum is commonly known as “Peat moss” and Division: Bryophyta is represented by around 336 species which are Class: Sphagnopsida found all around the world and under different environmental condition. Order: Sphagnales These species are aquatic and grow in dense masses Family: Sphagnaceae forming cushion like condition in swamps, ponds Genus: Sphagnum and lake margins. External morphology • Plant body is gametophytic and consists of two stages, Juvenile stage and leafy gametophore stage respectively. • Juvenile stage: It is also called protonema and is formed by the germination of the spores. It is irregularly lobed thallus like structure and one cell in thickness. It is attached to the substratum by multicellular rhizoids with oblique septa. From the protonema arises the erect leafy gametophyte called the gametophore Leafy Gametophore: • It represents the adult form. The adult gametophyte (gametophore) is perennial and can be differentiated into axis or ‘stem’ and ‘leaves’. Stem: • It is erect and may be a foot or more in length with a diameter up to 1.2 mm. The stem is well branched, the branching being usually lateral. Near the apex of the stem the branches are short and of limited growth and are clustered together closely to form a compact head due to shortened nodes at the end and are called comal tuft or coma. • (b) Leaf: • Leaves are borne on the main stem as well as on the branches. On the stem they are little apart while on the branches they are overlapping. Mid rib is lacking. -
A Mycorrhizae-Like Gene Regulates Stem Cell and Gametophore Development in Mosses
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15967-6 OPEN A mycorrhizae-like gene regulates stem cell and gametophore development in mosses Shuanghua Wang1,2, Yanlong Guan1, Qia Wang1, Jinjie Zhao1, Guiling Sun 3, Xiangyang Hu4, Mark P. Running5, ✉ ✉ Hang Sun1 & Jinling Huang 1,3,6 Plant colonization of land has been intimately associated with mycorrhizae or mycorrhizae- like fungi. Despite the pivotal role of fungi in plant adaptation, it remains unclear whether and 1234567890():,; how gene acquisition following fungal interaction might have affected the development of land plants. Here we report a macro2 domain gene in bryophytes that is likely derived from Mucoromycota, a group that includes some mycorrhizae-like fungi found in the earliest land plants. Experimental and transcriptomic evidence suggests that this macro2 domain gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens, PpMACRO2, is important in epigenetic modification, stem cell function, cell reprogramming and other processes. Gene knockout and over-expression of PpMACRO2 significantly change the number and size of gametophores. These findings pro- vide insights into the role of fungal association and the ancestral gene repertoire in the early evolution of land plants. 1 Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China. 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. 3 State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China. 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China. -
Cryptogamic Botany
McGRAW-HILL PUBLIOA:r'IONS IN THE BOTANIOAL SOIENOES EDMUND W. SINNOTT, CONSULTING EDlTOR CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY VOLUME II BRYOPHYTES AND PTERIDOPHYTES This book is produced in jul! compliance with the government's regulations jor con serving paper and other essential materials. SELECTED TITLES FROM McGRAW-HILL PUBLICATIONS IN THE BOTANICAL SCIENCES.. EDMUND W. SINNOTT, Consulting Editor Babcock and Clausen-Genetics Lutman-Microbiology Belling-The Use of the Microscope Maximov-Plant Physiology Boysen Jensen-Growth Hormones Miller-Plant Physiology in Plants Pool-Flowers and Flowering Plants Braun-Blanquet and Fuller and Con Sass-Elements of Botanical Micro- ard-Plant Sociology technique Curtis-The Translocation of Solutes Seifriz~ Protoplasm in Plants Sharp-Introduction to Cytology Eames-Morphology of Vascular Plants Sharp-Fundamentals of Cytology Eames and MacDaniels-Plant Sinnott-Botany Anatomy Sinnott and Dunn-Genetics Fitzpatrick-The Lower Fungi Smith-Cryptogamic Botany Gltumann and Dodge-Com}Jarative Vol. I, Algae and Fungi Morphology of Fungi Vol. II, Bryophytes and Haupt-An Introduction to Botany Pteridophytes Haupt-Laboratory Manual of Ele- Fresh-water Algae of the U. S. mentary Botany Swingle-Systematic Botany Hill'-Economic Botany Weaver-Root Development of Field Hill, OV6rhoZts, and*Popp-Botany Crops Weaver and Bruner-Root Develop Johansen-Plant Microtechnique ment of Vegetable Crops Loomis and Shull-Methods in Plant Physiology Weaver and Clements-Plant Ecology Experiments in Plant Physiology W odehouse-Pollen Grains There are also the related series of McGraw-Hill Publications in the Zoologi cal Sciences, of which A. Franklin Shull is Consulting Edit_.9r, and in the Agricultural Sciences, of which Leon J. Cole is Consulting Editor. -
Volume 1, Chapter 5-3: Ecophysiology of Development: Protonemata
Glime, J. M. 2017. Ecophysiology of Development: Protonemata. Chapt. 5-3. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. 5-3-1 Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 17 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 5-3 ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT: PROTONEMATA TABLE OF CONTENTS The Protonema .................................................................................................................................................... 5-3-2 Water Relations ................................................................................................................................................... 5-3-5 Seasonal Light/Temperature Changes ................................................................................................................. 5-3-5 Light .................................................................................................................................................................... 5-3-6 Light Intensity .............................................................................................................................................. 5-3-6 Light Quality ................................................................................................................................................ 5-3-9 Photoperiod ............................................................................................................................................... -
Usefulness of Physcomitrella Patens for Studying Plant Organogenesis Sandrine Bonhomme, Fabien Nogué, Catherine Rameau, Didier Schaefer
Usefulness of physcomitrella patens for studying plant organogenesis Sandrine Bonhomme, Fabien Nogué, Catherine Rameau, Didier Schaefer To cite this version: Sandrine Bonhomme, Fabien Nogué, Catherine Rameau, Didier Schaefer. Usefulness of physcomitrella patens for studying plant organogenesis. Plant Organogenesis: Methods and Protocols, 959, Humana Press, 2013, Methods in Molecular Biology. hal-01203967 HAL Id: hal-01203967 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01203967 Submitted on 6 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Chapter 2 Usefulness of Physcomitrella patens for Studying Plant Organogenesis Sandrine Bonhomme , Fabien Nogué , Catherine Rameau , and Didier G. Schaefer Abstract In this chapter, we review the main organogenesis features and associated regulation processes of the moss Physcomitrella patens (P. patens) , the model plant for the Bryophytes. We highlight how the study of this descendant of the earliest plant species that colonized earth, brings useful keys to understand the mecha- nisms that determine and control both vascular and non vascular plants organogenesis. Despite its simple morphogenesis pattern, P. patens still requires the fi ne tuning of organogenesis regulators, including hormone signalling, common to the whole plant kingdom, and which study is facilitated by a high number of molecular tools, among which the powerful possibility of gene targeting/replacement. -
Morphology of Mosses (Phylum Bryophyta)
Morphology of Mosses (Phylum Bryophyta) Barbara J. Crandall-Stotler Sharon E. Bartholomew-Began With over 12,000 species recognized worldwide (M. R. Superclass IV, comprising only Andreaeobryum; and Crosby et al. 1999), the Bryophyta, or mosses, are the Superclass V, all the peristomate mosses, comprising most most speciose of the three phyla of bryophytes. The other of the diversity of mosses. Although molecular data have two phyla are Marchantiophyta or liverworts and been undeniably useful in identifying the phylogenetic Anthocerotophyta or hornworts. The term “bryophytes” relationships among moss lineages, morphological is a general, inclusive term for these three groups though characters continue to provide definition of systematic they are only superficially related. Mosses are widely groupings (D. H. Vitt et al. 1998) and are diagnostic for distributed from pole to pole and occupy a broad range species identification. This chapter is not intended to be of habitats. Like liverworts and hornworts, mosses an exhaustive treatise on the complexities of moss possess a gametophyte-dominated life cycle; i.e., the morphology, but is aimed at providing the background persistent photosynthetic phase of the life cycle is the necessary to use the keys and diagnostic descriptions of haploid, gametophyte generation. Sporophytes are this flora. matrotrophic, permanently attached to and at least partially dependent on the female gametophyte for nutrition, and are unbranched, determinate in growth, Gametophyte Characters and monosporangiate. The gametophytes of mosses are small, usually perennial plants, comprising branched or Spore Germination and Protonemata unbranched shoot systems bearing spirally arranged leaves. They rarely are found in nature as single isolated A moss begins its life cycle when haploid spores are individuals, but instead occur in populations or colonies released from a sporophyte capsule and begin to in characteristic growth forms, such as mats, cushions, germinate. -
Moss (Physcomitrella Patens) GH3 Proteins Act in Auxin Homeostasis
Research MossBlackwellOxford,NPHNew0028-646X1469-8137©267710.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02677.xOctober0323???338???OriginalXX The Phytologist Authors UK 2008Article Publishing (2008). Ltd Journal compilation © New Phytologist( (2008)Physcomitrella patens) XX GH3 proteins act in auxin homeostasis Jutta Ludwig-Müller1, Sabine Jülke1, Nicole M. Bierfreund2, Eva L. Decker2 and Ralf Reski2,3 1Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, D–01062 Dresden, Germany; 2Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany; 3Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (bioss), University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, D–79104 Freiburg, Germany Summary Author for correspondence: • Auxins are hormones involved in many cellular, physiological and developmental J. Ludwig-Müller processes in seed plants and in mosses such as Physcomitrella patens. Control of + Tel: 49 351 463 33939 auxin levels is achieved in higher plants via synthesis of auxin conjugates by Fax: +49 351 463 37032 Email: Jutta.Ludwig-Mueller@ members of the GH3 family. The role of the two GH3-like proteins from P. patens tu-dresden.de for growth and auxin homeostasis was therefore analysed. •The in vivo-function of the two P. patens GH3 genes was investigated using Received: 31 July 2008 Accepted: 19 September 2008 single and double knockout mutants. The two P. patens GH3 proteins were also heterologously expressed to determine their enzymatic activity. • Both P. patens GH3 enzymes accepted the auxin indole acetic acid (IAA) as New Phytologist (2009) 181: 323–338 doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02677.x substrate, but with different preferences for the amino acid to which it is attached. Cytoplasmic localization was shown for PpGH3-1 tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP). -
The Moss Physcomitrella Patens: Methods and Tools from Cultivation to Targeted Analysis of Gene Function CHRISTOPH STROTBEK#, STEFAN KRINNINGER# and WOLFGANG FRANK*
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 57: 553-564 (2013) doi: 10.1387/ijdb.130189wf www.intjdevbiol.com The moss Physcomitrella patens: methods and tools from cultivation to targeted analysis of gene function CHRISTOPH STROTBEK#, STEFAN KRINNINGER# and WOLFGANG FRANK* Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Faculty of Biology, Department Biology I, Plant Molecular Cell Biology, LMU Biocenter, Germany ABSTRACT To comprehensively understand the major processes in plant biology, it is necessary to study a diverse set of species that represent the complexity of plants. This research will help to comprehend common conserved mechanisms and principles, as well as to elucidate those mechanisms that are specific to a particular plant clade. Thereby, we will gain knowledge about the invention and loss of mechanisms and their biological impact causing the distinct specifica- tions throughout the plant kingdom. Since the establishment of transgenic plants, these studies concentrate on the elucidation of gene functions applying an increasing repertoire of molecular techniques. In the last two decades, the moss Physcomitrella patens joined the established set of plant models based on its evolutionary position bridging unicellular algae and vascular plants and a number of specific features alleviating gene function analysis. Here, we want to provide an over- view of the specific features of P. patens making it an interesting model for many research fields in plant biology, to present the major achievements in P. patens genetic engineering, and to introduce common techniques to scientists who intend to use P. patens as a model in their research activities. KEY WORDS: Physcomitrella patens, genetic engineering, gene function analysis, reverse genetics, homologous recombination Introduction enabled comparative studies to gain knowledge about land plant evolution. -
A Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Gene Regulates Apogamy and Gives Evolutionary Insights Into Early Land Plant Evolution
A polycomb repressive complex 2 gene regulates apogamy and gives evolutionary insights into early land plant evolution Yosuke Okanoa,1, Naoki Aonoa,1, Yuji Hiwatashia,b, Takashi Murataa,b, Tomoaki Nishiyamac,d, Takaaki Ishikawaa, Minoru Kuboc, and Mitsuyasu Hasebea,b,c,2 aNational Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; bSchool of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; cERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; and dAdvanced Science Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-0934, Japan Edited by Peter R. Crane, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved July 27, 2009 (received for review June 22, 2009) Land plants have distinct developmental programs in haploid ogy, development, and evolution (5–7), the gene regulatory (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations. Although network remains undeciphered. usually the two programs strictly alternate at fertilization and Parthenogenetic development of egg cells has been observed meiosis, one program can be induced during the other program. In in some alleles of loss-of-function mutants of the Arabidopsis a process called apogamy, cells of the gametophyte other than the thaliana genes FERTILIZATION-INDEPENDENT SEED 2 egg cell initiate sporophyte development. Here, we report for the (FIS2), MEDEA (MEA), and MULTICOPY SUPPRESSOR OF moss Physcomitrella patens that apogamy resulted from deletion IRA 1 (MSI1) (8, 9), which encode members of the polycomb of the gene orthologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana CURLY LEAF repressive complex 2 (PRC2) (8, 10, 11). The PRC2 complex was (PpCLF), which encodes a component of polycomb repressive first characterized in Drosophila melanogaster as a regulator of complex 2 (PRC2). -
Mosses, Liverworts, and Ferns
Mosses, Liverworts, and Ferns Sphagnum 86 W4400 Riccia 86 W7775 Species: magellanicum and/or Species: fluitans papillosum Genus: Riccia Genus: Sphagnum Family: Ricciaceae Family: Sphagnaceae Order: Marchantiales Order: Sphagnales Class: Hepaticae Class: Bryopsida (Musci) Phylum: Bryophyta Phylum: Bryophyta Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Polytrichum 86 W4360 Leafy Liverwort 86 W4300 Species: commune Species: trilobata Genus: Polytrichum Genus: Bazzania Family: Polytrichaceae Family: Lepidoziaceae Order: Polytrichales Order: Jungermanniales Class: Bryopsida (Musci) Woodland Ferns 86 W 5500 Equisetum 86 W5300 Class: Hepaticae Phylum: Bryophyta Genus and species vary with Species: hiemale may vary Phylum: Bryophyta Kingdom: Plantae availability depending on availability Kingdom: Plantae Family: Dryopteridaceae Genus: Equisetum Order: Polypodiales Family: Equisetaceae Marchantia 86 W4200 Woodland Moss 86 W 4250 Class: Polypodiopsida Order: Equisetales Species: polymorpha (contains two species) (Pteridopsida) Class: Equisetopsida Genus: Marchantia Species: schreberi Phylum: Pterophyta Phylum: Pterophyta Family: Marchantiaceae Genus: Pleurozium Kingdom: Plantae Kingdom: Plantae Order: Marchantiales Family: Entodontaceae Class: Hepaticae Order: Hypnobryales Boston Fern 86 W5550 Selaginella Phylum: Bryophyta Class: Bryopsida (Musci) Species: exalta Species: apoda Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Bryophyta Genus: Nephrolepis Genus: Selaginella Kingdom: Plantae Family: Nephrolepidaceae Family: Selaginellaceae Conocephalum 86 W4050 Order: Polypodiales -
Hormonal Regulation of Moss Protonema Development and the Possible Origin of Plant Hormonal Responses in Bryophytes
Indian Journal of Biotechnology Vol 2, 1anuary 2003, pp 9-16 Hormonal Regulation of Moss Protonema Development and the Possible Origin of Plant Hormonal Responses in Bryophytes M M Johri* and Jacinta S D'Souza Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India The protonema of mosses is a far simpler paradigm to understand the mechanism of hormonal action and tolerance to abiotic stresses in plants. Its developmental biology, responses to hormones and the similarity of signaling mechanisms with higher plants are reviewed. There is strong evidence for second messenger role of calcium ions in the action of cytokinin. Multiple calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are present in the protonema. The Funaria hygrometrica CDPK gene (FhCDPK) shows the characteristic catalytic and autoinhibitory domains, the four EF hands and the highest homology to CDPKs from higher plants but far lower to liverwort or other moss CDPK genes. A 38 kDa myelin basic protein kinase (MBP kinase) is activated within minutes by abscisic acid (ABA) and salinity. As ABA also confers tolerance against desiccation and freezing and the wheat ABA-inducible promoter is fully functional in mosses, the ABA signaling mechanism seems to be highly conserved. In plants, the CDPKs are involved not only in hormonal signaling but also in the acclimation response against abiotic stresses. The manipulation of signal transduction components such as transcription factors, CDPKs and calcineurin have emerged as viable strategies to genetically engineer the stress tolerant plants. There is increasing evidence to support the origin of plant hormonal responses at the level of bryophytes.