DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rise and Rise of the Discounters in U.K. Food

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rise and Rise of the Discounters in U.K. Food TH E RI SE AN D RI SE OF TH E D I SCOUN TERS I N U.K. FOOD RETAI LI N G DAVID KILBURN , BOURNEMOUTH UNIVERSITY Discount food shops are the fastest growing part of the U.K. retailing sector. From only two discount chains at the end of the 1980's the number has now i ncr eased to 14. A l l ar e expand i ng r api d l y and pose a ser i ous chal l enge to the U .K .'s est abl i shed f ood r et ai l er s. Consider the following table to see the extent of this rise in both the number of d i scount st or es and gr ow i ng sal es f i gur es. Stores Annual sales (£m) D ec D ec D ec D ec 1992 1997 1992 1997 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Kwik Save 780 950 2,560 3,840 Aldi 63 240 287 1,260 Solo 47 47 170 210 Netto 45 220 168 950 Shoprite 35 210 111 800 Food Giant 20 40 350 770 Pioneer 11 35 110 400 Discount Giant 7 20 64 200 D ales 4 34 77 750 Ed 1 80 4 370 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 1,013 1,876 3,901 9,550 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Both the establ i shed food r etai l er s and the Ci ty hav e been sur pr i sed by the r api d rise of the discounters. In the 1980's, although many had tried and failed the only successful d i scount chai ns of any si ze i n the U .K . mar k et w er e K w i k Sav e and Argyll's Lo- Cost. But in 1990 their effective monopoly w as broken by the arrival of Ger many 's A l d i and Denmar k 's N etto. I n the same y ear , Shopr i te, an I sl e-of -Man based company run by sons of one of the found er s of K w i k Sav e, l aunched i nto the und er d ev el oped Scotti sh mar k et. L ater , sev er al of the l ar ge gr ocery chains hit on the idea of converting older, und er per f or mi ng super st or es i nt o d i scount out l et s, spaw ni ng Gat ew ay 's Food Giant and Solo, Co-op's Pi oneer and A sd a's Dal es f or mat . In recent months, the discount chains have accelerated their expansion plans: • In January, Carrefour, the French retail giant, opened its first Ed (an acronym for Europa Discount) store in Maidstone, Kent. • Costco, the third largest of the U.S ultra- discount format known as "w ar ehouse cl ubs", si gned up t w o si t es i n t he U .K ., Thurrock in Essex which it hopes to open in November and Trafford Park, M anchester . • Kwik Save said in February that it would expand into Scotland from its N orth West heartland and increase its opening programme from 50 to 70 stores a year. • Aldi, having previously concentrated on the North and Midlands, announced a search for sites in the south and have recently secured two sites in the London area. • In M arch, N etto said it w as looking for 100 sites in Scotland. • In A pril. cash and carry operator Nurdin and Peacock said it would open tw o U .S. sty l e w ar ehouse cl ubs i n the U .K . The expansion of discount chains marks a move away from the style of food retailing that flourished throughout the 1980's. For nearly two decades after the abolition of resale price maintenance in 1964, w hen manufacturers lost the right to fi x the pr i ce at w hi ch thei r good s w er e sol d i n shops, the U .K . gr ocer y sector was driven largely by competition on price.That changed in the 1980's with the gr ow th of "v al ue ad d ed " r etai l i ng f r om super st or es, as pr act i sed by Sai nsbur y , Tesco and Safew ay, the "big 3". These retailers do not claim to have the lowest prices, but do claim to be highly competitive while providing the most attractive "offer" - a concept that encompasses choi ce,quality, convenience, service, and shopping environment. They make their money from healthy operating margins which average around 8%, the env y of food r etai l er s al l ov er the gl obe, because the nor m el sew her e i n Europe is 2%- 3% and i n the U .S.A . betw een 1% and 2%. H ow ev er , the car tel and the hi gh mar gi ns they cur r entl y enjoy ar e bei ng ser i ousl y chal l enged by the d i scounter s.The cur r ent economi c r ecessi on has been long and shows no signs of abatement.This has fostered a new price- consci ousness i n U .K . consumer s. A t the same ti me, the top end of the gr ocer y mar k et became so d omi nated by the bi g thr ee that w oul d-be entrants had to find new w ay s of oper ati ng. Enter the discounters, which work on the opposite principle. Typical operating mar gi ns ar e 2 per cent or l ess, but the stor es mak e money by shi fti ng l ar ge volumes of goods. Both start up and operating costs are kept to a minimum by buying or renting cheap sites, spending little on technology or fittings - with goods often sold from cardboard boxes on warehouse racking, or shrink w r apped on pal l ets, or ev en d i spl ay ed on tr estl e tabl es and i n cheap w i r e baskets.They stock a limited range of say 1,000 lines and employ few staff. Typically, for example, A ldi has one store manager w ho has 3 checkout staff and no one el se ! The manager uses a pump tr uck to d r ag the pal l ets fr om the stockroom to the shopfloor where he/ she takes off the shrink wrap and the customer s d i v e i n. Ther e i s no E.P.O.S sy stem and the check out oper ator s hav e to memor i se the pr i ces and they are able to get customers through the checkouts at a r ate of k nots. The customer i s not gi v en any car r i er bags but they can ei ther buy them or ty pi cal l y they br i ng thei r ow n. They ar e al so expected to put al l thei r shopping back into their trolley and then pr oceed to a shel f ar ea w her e they can pack their bags before leaving. So the service and display element is minimal but the difference is that a basket of goods which would cost you say £50 at one of the big 3 supermarkets w ould cost a mere £28.30 at aldi. This is a very powerful i ncenti v e to consumer s and not just the har d up DE's, because ev er y one l i k es a bargain. The discount formula can be a powerful one. Efficient discounters can turn round thei r enti r e stock ev er y 20 d ay s or l ess, so they hav e often sold stock before they pay their suppliers for it. That means their working capital for expansion is effecti v el y pr ov i d ed by thei r ow n suppl i er s. I per sonal l y hav e seen the phenomenal success of Aldi at first hand when I visited a store in the Midlands as guest of Paul Foley, Operations Director. The stock was simply flying out of the stor e and w as i ncr ed i bl y effi ci ent and the customer s seemed to l ov e ev er y minute of it. City analysts agree that discounters are likely to double their annual sales from betw een £3.5bn and £4bn last year, to £7bn to £8bn by 1996.Their share of the grocery market is forecast to rise from about 9 per cent to 14 or 15 per cent d ur i ng the same per i od . That will have a big impact on the shape of the food market in the U.K. Shopper s ar e l i k el y to benefi t fr om i ncr eased pr i ce competi ti on thr oughout the sector . The crucial question is whether limited line formats can make their prices so tempti ng that ev en commi tted super stor e shopper s cannot i gnor e them.W i l l shoppers in the nineties become astute and shop for basi c l i nes at the discounters, followed by top up shopping from Sainsbury et al for more fancy l i nes t hat ar e not st ock ed by t he d i scount er s? W i l l some shopper s d i scount t he d i scounter s because of thei r l ack of r ange, sty l e, ambi ence and ser v i ce?W hi ch r etai l er s w i l l suffer the most by the i ncr eased pr essur e fr om the d i scount sector ? W hat w i l l the i mpact of the w ar ehouse cl ubs be on the sector i n the ni neti es? Finally, what are the big three doing to counter the growing threat from the ov er seas d i scount pr ed at or s? Some of these questi ons ar e r hetor i cal and need to be r efl ected upon.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Consent Decree: Safeway, Inc. (PDF)
    1 2 3 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 4 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION 5 6 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ) 7 ) Plaintiff, ) Case No. 8 ) v. ) 9 ) SAFEWAY INC., ) 10 ) Defendant. ) 11 ) 12 13 14 CONSENT DECREE 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Consent Decree 1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 I. JURISDICTION, VENUE, AND NOTICE .............................................................2 4 II. APPLICABILITY....................................................................................................2 5 III. OBJECTIVES ..........................................................................................................3 6 IV. DEFINITIONS.........................................................................................................3 7 V. CIVIL PENALTIES.................................................................................................6 8 9 VI. COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS ........................................................................6 10 A. Refrigerant Compliance Management System ............................................6 11 B. Corporate-Wide Leak Rate Reduction .........................................................7 12 C. Emissions Reductions at Highest-Emission Stores......................................8 13 VII. PARTICIPATION IN RECOGNITION PROGRAMS .........................................10 14 VIII. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS .........................................................................10 15 IX. STIPULATED PENALTIES .................................................................................12
    [Show full text]
  • Swale Borough Council
    SWALE BOROUGH COUNCIL Project: RETAIL STUDY 2010: Bulky and DIY Goods Addendum Latest Revision: 20/05/2011 - DRAFT Study area population by zone Zone 2010 2015 2020 2025 1 39,501 40,410 41,418 42,595 2 12,888 13,185 13,514 13,897 3 46,052 47,112 48,287 49,659 4 11,242 11,501 11,788 12,123 5 19,162 19,603 20,092 20,663 6 5,340 5,463 5,599 5,758 TOTAL 134,185 137,274 140,698 144,695 Sources/notes for frontispiece 1. 2010 population for each zone from Pitney Bowes Business Insight Area Profile Report (6 July 2010) 2. Growth in population based on growth rates implied by scenarioKent County 3 of Council 6 scenarios population prepared forecasts by Research for Swale & Intelligence, Borough - South Kent CouEastntyPlan Council Strategy (16- Septemberbased Forecasts 2010). (September The KCC projections 2009) Total are Population based on SwaleForecasts. Borough Available: Counciil's 'Option 1' for newhttps://shareweb.kent.gov.uk/Documents/facts homes which assumes an additional 13,503-and dwellings-figures/sep between-forecasts 2006-sep-2031-09 -usingweb.pdf a phasing Access provideddate: 12 byOctober SBC 2010 OTHER COMPARISON GOODS Table 3.1 Expenditure per capita (£) Zone 2007 2010 2015 2020 2025 1 2,062 2,162 2,592 3,124 3,764 2 2,356 2,470 2,962 3,569 4,301 3 2,164 2,269 2,721 3,278 3,950 4 2,336 2,449 2,937 3,539 4,264 5 2,194 2,300 2,758 3,324 4,005 6 2,347 2,460 2,951 3,555 4,284 Sources/notes for Table 3.1 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Docket No. Fda–2011–N–0921
    DOCKET NO. FDA–2011–N–0921 BEFORE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION COMMENTS OF THE AMERICAN HERBAL PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION ON PROPOSED RULE for STANDARDS FOR THE GROWING, HARVESTING, PACKING, AND HOLDING OF PRODUCE FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION November 22, 2013 Docket No. FDA–2011–N–0921 November 22, 2013 Prefatory remarks ................................................................................................................................ 1 1. The broad and deep impact of the new regulations necessitates regulatory restraint ...................... 2 2. The same controls are neither necessary nor appropriate for non‐RTE foods as for RTE foods ......... 3 3. Wherever possible, food processors rather than farmers should ensure the biological safety of food ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Wherever possible, FDA should avoid burdening farmers and should rely on food processors rather than farmers to ensure biological safety ................................................................................ 7 3.2 Farmers are generally ill‐equipped to comply with either Part 112 or 117 ................................. 7 3.3 Food processors are the appropriate entity to ensure the biological safety of food wherever possible ...........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Graham & Doddsville
    Graham & Doddsville An investment newsletter from the students of Columbia Business School Inside this issue: Issue XXII Fall 2014 Wally Weitz — Omaha Dinner P. 3 Power of Good Management 5x5x5 Student Value Investing Wally Weitz is the Founder and President of Weitz Fund P. 4 Investment Management, an Omaha-based fund manager with over $5 billion in AUM. Influenced by the value investing Wally Weitz P. 6 philosophy of Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett, Mr. Weitz started his career as a securities analyst in New York Guy Gottfried P. 14 after earning a BA in Economics from Carleton College in 1970. He then joined Chiles, Heider, & Co. in Omaha, Columbia IIC working there for ten years before starting his own fund in Meeting Ideas P. 22 Wally Weitz (Continued on page 6) Development Capital Partners P. 26 Guy Gottfried — Editors: The Value of Capital Allocation Matt Ford MBA 2015 Guy Gottfried is the Founder and Managing Partner of Rational Investment Group, LP, a Toronto-based investment Peter Pan firm following a concentrated, risk-averse value approach. MBA 2015 Prior to founding Rational, Mr. Gottfried was an analyst at Tom Schweitzer, CFA Fairholme Capital Management. He began his career at MBA 2015 Veritas Investment Research, Canada’s largest independent equity research firm. Mr. Gottfried graduated with a BBA Brendan Dawson with Honors from the Schulich School of Business at York MBA 2016 Guy Gottfried University, where he was a President’s Scholarship recipient. Scott DeBenedett (Continued on page 14) MBA 2016 Michael Herman Development Capital Partners — MBA 2016 The Changing Landscape in Africa Visit us at: Development Capital Partners (DCP) is a New York- www.grahamanddodd.com based investment manager focused exclusively on Afri- www.csima.org can markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Hypermarket Lessons for New Zealand a Report to the Commerce Commission of New Zealand
    Hypermarket lessons for New Zealand A report to the Commerce Commission of New Zealand September 2007 Coriolis Research Ltd. is a strategic market research firm founded in 1997 and based in Auckland, New Zealand. Coriolis primarily works with clients in the food and fast moving consumer goods supply chain, from primary producers to retailers. In addition to working with clients, Coriolis regularly produces reports on current industry topics. The coriolis force, named for French physicist Gaspard Coriolis (1792-1843), may be seen on a large scale in the movement of winds and ocean currents on the rotating earth. It dominates weather patterns, producing the counterclockwise flow observed around low-pressure zones in the Northern Hemisphere and the clockwise flow around such zones in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the result of a centripetal force on a mass moving with a velocity radially outward in a rotating plane. In market research it means understanding the big picture before you get into the details. PO BOX 10 202, Mt. Eden, Auckland 1030, New Zealand Tel: +64 9 623 1848; Fax: +64 9 353 1515; email: [email protected] www.coriolisresearch.com PROJECT BACKGROUND This project has the following background − In June of 2006, Coriolis research published a company newsletter (Chart Watch Q2 2006): − see http://www.coriolisresearch.com/newsletter/coriolis_chartwatch_2006Q2.html − This discussed the planned opening of the first The Warehouse Extra hypermarket in New Zealand; a follow up Part 2 was published following the opening of the store. This newsletter was targeted at our client base (FMCG manufacturers and retailers in New Zealand).
    [Show full text]
  • Retail Change: a Consideration of the UK Food Retail Industry, 1950-2010. Phd Thesis, Middlesex University
    Middlesex University Research Repository An open access repository of Middlesex University research http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk Clough, Roger (2002) Retail change: a consideration of the UK food retail industry, 1950-2010. PhD thesis, Middlesex University. [Thesis] This version is available at: https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/8105/ Copyright: Middlesex University Research Repository makes the University’s research available electronically. Copyright and moral rights to this work are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners unless otherwise stated. The work is supplied on the understanding that any use for commercial gain is strictly forbidden. A copy may be downloaded for personal, non-commercial, research or study without prior permission and without charge. Works, including theses and research projects, may not be reproduced in any format or medium, or extensive quotations taken from them, or their content changed in any way, without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). They may not be sold or exploited commercially in any format or medium without the prior written permission of the copyright holder(s). Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author’s name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pag- ination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award. If you believe that any material held in the repository infringes copyright law, please contact the Repository Team at Middlesex University via the following email address: [email protected] The item will be removed from the repository while any claim is being investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Town Audit Stevenston
    Your Town Audit: Stevenston November 2016 Photos by EKOS unless otherwise stated. Map Data © Google 2016 Contents 1. Understanding Scottish Places Summary 1 2. Accessible Town Centre 3 3. Active Town Centre 5 4. Attractive Town Centre 11 5. YTA Summary and Key Points 14 Report produced by: Audit Date: October 2016 Draft report: 2 December 2016 For: North Ayrshire Council Direct enquiries regarding this report should be submitted to: Liam Turbett, EKOS, 0141 353 8327 [email protected] Rosie Jenkins, EKOS, 0141 353 8322 [email protected] 1. Understanding Scottish Places Summary This report presents a summary of the Your Town Audit (YTA) for Stevenston, conducted by Scotland’s Towns Partnership and EKOS. The detailed YTA Framework and Data Workbook are provided under separate cover. The YTA was developed to provide a framework to measure and monitor the performance of Scotland’s towns and town centres using a series of Key Performance Indicators. It provides a comprehensive audit of Stevenston with data on up to 180 KPIs across seven themes – Locality, Accessibility, Local Services, Activities + Events, Development Capacity, Tourism, and Place + Quality Impressions. The Understanding Scottish Places (USP) data platform provides a summary analysis for Largs and identifies eight comparator towns that have similar characteristics, with the most similar being Auchinleck, Denny, Maybole, and Alness.1 The USP platform – www.usp.scot – describes Saltcoats in the following general terms: Stevenston’s Interrelationships: an ‘interdependent to independent town’, which means it has a good number of assets in relation to its population. Towns of this kind have some diversity of jobs; and residents travel a mix of short and long distances to travel to work and study.
    [Show full text]
  • Store Formats a Our New Safeway Stores
    Store formats A our New Safeway stores B The roll-out of New Safeway continues at an accelerating pace. During the year we refitted 73 stores including opening two new concept stores at Wimbledon and Woking. Our four New Safeway formats have now been launched at: • St Katharine Docks – convenience store • Wimbledon – supermarket • Woking – superstore • Plymstock – megastore In the first week of the current financial year, we opened two additional new stores in Reddish, Greater Manchester, and Carnforth, Lancashire. Added to the work we did in 2000/1, we have now refitted and relaunched 121 stores, equivalent to 26% of our total selling space. We will continue to roll-out the new formats across our store portfolio, incorporating all of the operational lessons we have learnt up to now and adapting them to fit the local market. We have received a lot of very positive feedback from our customers and we have taken 14 Safeway plc Annual Report and Accounts 2002 Store formats now fully refitted all but one of the 18 convenience stores in our portfolio. All of these stores have achieved industry- leading standards of product presentation. “Fresh to Go” supermarkets We launched the first full prototype at Wimbledon in May 2001 and by the end of the year we had reformatted 66 of our 205 supermarkets. We have created the feeling Fernando Garcia-Valencia Jim Maclachlan Property and Stores Director of a larger store with more space in the Development Director fresh areas and have often introduced cross aisles to make it easier for customers to shop.
    [Show full text]
  • Deloitte Studie
    Global Powers of Retailing 2018 Transformative change, reinvigorated commerce Contents Top 250 quick statistics 4 Retail trends: Transformative change, reinvigorated commerce 5 Retailing through the lens of young consumers 8 A retrospective: Then and now 10 Global economic outlook 12 Top 10 highlights 16 Global Powers of Retailing Top 250 18 Geographic analysis 26 Product sector analysis 30 New entrants 33 Fastest 50 34 Study methodology and data sources 39 Endnotes 43 Contacts 47 Global Powers of Retailing identifies the 250 largest retailers around the world based on publicly available data for FY2016 (fiscal years ended through June 2017), and analyzes their performance across geographies and product sectors. It also provides a global economic outlook and looks at the 50 fastest-growing retailers and new entrants to the Top 250. This year’s report will focus on the theme of “Transformative change, reinvigorated commerce”, which looks at the latest retail trends and the future of retailing through the lens of young consumers. To mark this 21st edition, there will be a retrospective which looks at how the Top 250 has changed over the last 15 years. 3 Top 250 quick statistics, FY2016 5 year retail Composite revenue growth US$4.4 net profit margin (Compound annual growth rate CAGR trillion 3.2% from FY2011-2016) Aggregate retail revenue 4.8% of Top 250 Minimum retail Top 250 US$17.6 revenue required to be retailers with foreign billion among Top 250 operations Average size US$3.6 66.8% of Top 250 (retail revenue) billion Composite year-over-year retail 3.3% 22.5% 10 revenue growth Composite Share of Top 250 Average number return on assets aggregate retail revenue of countries with 4.1% from foreign retail operations operations per company Source: Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited.
    [Show full text]
  • SUPERMARKET ^^^^^^^^^^•K^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^K
    :A"' Some of our friends • Ca:: n the service (le$k • Win a chancrtu «in a une JUNE ISSUE 1994 \ ••'•mSik vJ SAINSBURY Savacentre HmvilElllXSIE Sft/'JSa-/4^^/S FRONTLINE Just a call away Ever wondered who the faces are behind the service desk voices? Turn to page 12 to meet some of the people who solve your computer problems, and find out what they have in store to improve their service. NOT LEAST AMONC OUR DISCERNING Have you a four-legged friend at CUSTOMERS ARE MANV OF THE COUNTRY'S MILLIONS OF CATS AND DOCS. home? Half the households in Britain FULL TAIL ON PAGES 14/15. have a dog or cat, or both. On page 15 we introduce the pets of three Group directors...Is it true that pets look like their owners? H Morton's Reading Room has proved extremely popular. Congratulations to H Cowan of Hoddesdon depot - winner of the latest Book department opens WRITELINES quarterly SSA draw for £1,000. new chapter for Savacentre BRANCH OPENINGS: A new department at Merton Savacentre is devoted to books, EAST KILBRIDE and bargain books in CHINGFORD particular. Explains Chris TAPLOW Stevens, senior buyer and KIDDERMINSTER merchandise manager, SABRE UPDATE 'Previously we only sold books near the stationery, THE DAY WE WELCOMED OUR DAUGHTERS including the top 15 novels and the JS book SERVING THE SERVERS - range. Now we have WHAT'S NEW ON THE SERVICE DESK i around ten times the space and number of titles in the WIN A CHANCE TO Reading Room with its WIN THE POOLS 1 own upmarket library EXPLAINING CATS image.
    [Show full text]
  • Clarity Telecom Challenging the Global Voip Players
    Membership magazine of the IoD in Northern Ireland September / October 2019 Young Directors Conference 2019 Achieving Competitive Edge Page 10 The Twinterview with Conall Laverty, Founder & CEO of Wia Page 26 The Power of PhD Page 34 Clarity Telecom Challenging the Global VoIP Players Page 06 Our Committee Gordon Milligan, Adrian Allen, Bonnie Anley CDir, Barry Byrne, Catriona Gibson, Chairman, IoD Northern The Tomorrow Lab Londonderry Port and Mount Charles Group Arthur Cox Belfast Ireland Harbour Kathryn Thomson, John Hansen, David Henry, Caroline Keenan, Professor Marie McHugh, National Museums NI KPMG Northern Henry Brothers ASM Chartered Ulster University Business Ireland Accountants School Alan McKeown, Sarah Orange, Natasha Sayee, Paul Stapleton, Paul Terrington, Dunbia HNH Human Capital SONI NIE Networks PWC 2 | DirectorNI directorNI Gordon Milligan Chairman’s Message IoD Northern Ireland opefully as you read smart clothing, wearables and 3D Ulster University, we heard about this you have enjoyed printing. It’s always enlightening to the progress and future plans on hear from local NI businesses that some major ongoing infrastructure a good summer and are at the forefront of disrupting projects; including the Belfast are refreshed and the status quo and competing on Transport Hub, the new Ulster re-energised for what a global scale, especially in the University city campus and an HI imagine will be a challenging time healthcare and medical industries. update on the Belfast Regional City ahead as businesses and political Deal. These transformational projects parties start on another round of will have significant positive impact Brexit preparations and discussions to the Northern Ireland economy through the services provided to ahead of the UK’s planned EU exit We have a very our citizens, business, tourism and on 31 October.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf Shop 'Celtic Gold' in Peel
    No. 129 Spring 2004/5 €3.00 Stg£2.50 • SNP Election Campaign • ‘Property Fever’ on Breizh • The Declarationof the Bro Gymraeg • Istor ar C ’herneveg • Irish Language News • Strategy for Cornish • Police Bug Scandal in Mann • EU Constitution - Vote No! ALBA: COM.ANN CEILTFACH * BREIZH: KFVTCF KELT1EK * CYMRU: UNDEB CELTA DD * EIRE: CON RAD H GEILTE AC H * KERNOW: KtBUNYANS KELTEK * MANNIN: COMlVbtYS CELTIAGH tre na Gàidhlig gus an robh e no I a’ dol don sgoil.. An sin bhiodh a’ huile teasgag tre na Gàidhlig air son gach pàiste ann an Alba- Mur eil sinn fhaighinn sin bidh am Alba Bile Gàidhlig gun fheum. Thuig Iain Trevisa gun robh e feumail sin a dhèanamh. Seo mar a sgrìohh e sa bhli­ adhna 1365, “...dh’atharraich Iain à Còm, maighstir gramair, ionnsachadh is tuigsinn gramair sna sgoiltean o’n Fhraingis gu TEACASG TRE NA GÀIDHLIG Beurla agus dh’ionnsaich Richard Pencrych an aon scòrsa theagaisg agus Abajr gun robh sinn toilichte cluinntinn Inbhirnis/Inverness B IVI 1DR... fon feadhainn eile à Pencrych; leis a sin, sa gun bidh faclan Gaidhlig ar na ceadan- 01463-225 469 e-mail [email protected] bhliadhna don Thjgheama Againn” 1385, siubhail no passports again nuair a thig ... tha cobhair is fiosrachadh ri fhaighinn a an naodhamh bliadhna do’n Righ Richard ceann na bliadhna seo no a dh’ aithgheor thaobh cluich sa Gàidhlig ro aois dol do an dèidh a’Cheannsachaidh anns a h-uile 2000. Direach mar a tha sinn a’ dol thairis sgoil, Bithidh an t-ughdar is ionadail no sgoil gràmair feadh Sasunn, tha na leana- air Caulas na Frainge le bata no le trean
    [Show full text]