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Zivilschutz- Forschung 2111 Bd.52_US 16.06.2003 10:50 Uhr Seite 1 Zivilschutz- Forschung Schriftenreihe der Schutzkommission beim Bundesminister des Innern Herausgegeben vom Bundesverwaltungsamt – Zentralstelle für Zivilschutz – im Auftrag des Bundesministerium des Innern Neue Folge Band 52 49. und 50. Jahrestagung der Schutzkommission beim Bundesminister des Innern -Vorträge- Zivilschutz-Forschung NF Zivilschutz-Forschung 52 ISSN 0343-5164 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 1 ZIVILSCHUTZFORSCHUNG Neue Folge Band 52 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 2 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 3 Zivilschutz- Forschung Schriftenreihe der Schutzkommission beim Bundesminister des Innern Herausgegeben vom Bundesverwaltungsamt – Zentralstelle für Zivilschutz – im Auftrag des Bundesministerium des Innern Neue Folge Band 52 49. und 50. Jahrestagung der Schutzkommission beim Bundesminister des Innern -Vorträge- Bingen 01. – 03. Juni 2000 Freiburg 24. – 25. Mai 2001 ISSN 0343-5164 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 4 Herausgeber: Bundesverwaltungsamt – Zentralstelle für Zivilschutz – Deutschherrenstr. 93–95, 53177 Bonn Telefon: (0 18 88) 3 58-0 Telefax: (0 18 88) 3 58-58 03 Internet: www.bundesverwaltungsamt.de Die Arbeit gibt die Meinung der Autoren wieder. Sie stellt keine Äußerung des Herausgebers dar und ist auch nicht als solche auszulegen. © 2003 Bundesverwaltungsamt – Zentralstelle für Zivilschutz – Bonn Satz und Druck: Druckhaus Dresden GmbH 4 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 5 Inhaltsverzeichnis Eröffnung der 49. Jahrestagung Arthur Scharmann. 9 Jahrestagung 2000 der Schutzkomission beim Bundestminister des Inneren Klaus-Henning Rosen . 15 „Leitfaden Katastrophenmedizin“ Johann Wilhelm Weidringer . 23 Technologische Möglichkeiten einer möglichst frühzeitigen Warnung der Bevölkerung – Schlussfolgerungen – Volkmar Held . 27 Proliferation von Massenvernichtungswaffen: Herausforderungen für Entscheidungsträger Torsten Sohns . 33 Seuchenhygiene und -bekämpfung Jürgen Knobloch, E.-J. Finke, Bernd Domres . 57 Neue Ansätze in der Therapie der Organophosphatvergiftung G. Petroianu, Roderich Rüfer†. 95 Energie- und Äquivalentdosisleistungsprofile in Abhängigkeit von Flughöhe und geomagnetischer Breite, gemessen mittels mikrodosimetischer Verfahren an Bord von Alitalia-Flugzeugen auf den Routen Mailand – Los Angeles, Rom – Rio de Janeiro und Mailand – Tokio Rudolf E. Grillmaier, St. Gerdung, T.Lim. 101 Vor träge 2001 Eröffnung der 50. Jahrestagung Arthur Scharmann . 111 50 Jahre Schutzkommission – Wissenschaft im Dienst der nationalen Vorsorge Klaus-Henning Rosen . 117 5 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 6 ZÜRS – Zonierungssystem Überschwemmung Rückstau Starkregen Horst H. Kriebisch . 129 Entwicklung des Gesundheitsdienstes – Von den Anfängen bis zu den Entwicklungen der letzten Jahre Harald Michels. 137 Informationssicherheit im Wandel –vom klassischen Geheimschutz zur gesamtgesellschaftlichen Aufgabe . 143 Ansgar Heuser Hochleistungsbetone Duktilität – Fasern – Feuerwiderstand Horst Falkner . 151 Baulicher Schutz und Schutz von Infrastruktur Klaus Thoma . 173 Die Autoren . 205 6 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 7 – Vorträge 2000 – 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 8 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 9 Eröffnung der 49. Jahrestagung Arthur Scharmann Liebe Mitglieder und Gäste der Schutzkommission, ich begrüße Sie recht herzlich zur Jahrestagung im 49. Jahr des Bestehens der Schutzkommission und danke Ihnen, dass Sie unserer Einladung nach Bingen ge- folgt sind. Lassen Sie mich zunächst ganz herzlich Herrn Ministerialdirektor Rosen und seine Mitarbeiter vom Bundesinnenministerium in unserem Kreise begrüßen. Herr Rosen ist der für Fragen des Zivilschutzes zuständige Abteilungsleiter. Wir hatten im Ver- laufe des letzten Jahres wiederholt Gelegenheit zu einem Gedankenaustausch. Ich habe Sie, lieber Herr Rosen, bei unseren Gesprächen als kompetenten und fairen Gesprächspartner kennen und schätzen gelernt. Für die offene und kons- truktive Art der Zusammenarbeit bin ich Ihnen als Vorsitzender und persönlich sehr dankbar. Neu in der Runde begrüße ich Herrn Ministerialdirigent Gudat aus dem Innenminis- terium in Kiel. Herr Gudat ist zu Beginn dieses Jahres vom Arbeitskreis V der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Innenminister der Länder als der ständige Ansprechpartner der Schutzkommission benannt worden. Er ist in dieser Funktion der Nachfolger von Herrn Ministerialdirigent Dr. Klingshirn, der im vergangenen Jahr in den Ruhe- stand getreten ist. Zu Ihren Aufgaben gehört es, die Zusammenarbeit der Länder mit der Schutzkommission und dem BMI/BZS im Bereich der Beratung und der Forschung im Zivil- und Katastrophenschutz zu intensivieren. Wir freuen uns, dass Sie die Gelegenheit wahrnehmen, sich heute persönlich über die Schutzkommission zu informieren. Da es der erklärte Wille aller Beteiligten im Bund und bei den Ländern ist, in allen Fragen des Zivilschutzes in Zukunft noch enger zusammen- zuarbeiten als bisher, ist Ihre Funktion von großer Bedeutung für unser Land. Ich freue mich auf die Zusammenarbeit mit Ihnen und biete Ihnen gerne für die Schutz- kommission den offenen Dialog in allen Fragen an, zu deren Klärung Wissen- schaftler einen Beitrag leisten können. Aus dem Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Bau- und Wohnungswesen begrüße ich den langjährigen Betreuer des früheren Ausschusses I der Schutzkommission, Herrn Bong und vom Bundesamt für Zivilschutz Herrn Präsidenten Schuch und seine Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter. Herrn Dr. Sohns vom Verteidigungsminis- terium begrüße ich in Abwesenheit. Er befindet sich noch auf der Anreise, um uns heute Nachmittag über die Proliferation von Massenvernichtungswaffen und die Herausforderung für den Sanitätsdienst der Bundeswehr zu informieren. Es ist mir eine besondere Freude, heute zwei der drei neuen Mitglieder der Schutz- kommission hier in Bingen begrüßen zu können. Es sind dies Herr Dr. Miska vom 9 2111 Bd.52 IH neu 16.06.2003 9:45 Uhr Seite 10 Innenministerium in Mainz und Herr Dr. Weidringer von der Bayerischen Landes- ärztekammer. Der dritte im Bunde, Herr Prof. Sefrin von der Klinik für Anäes- thesiologie der Universität in Würzburg, ist heute leider beruflich verhindert. Ich möchte die Neuberufenen kurz vorstellen. Herr Dr. Miska ist Physiker und ein national und international ausgewiesener Fachmann auf dem Gebiet des Katas- trophenschutzes. Er hat sich und sein berufliches Tätigkeitsfeld in der Vergangenheit mehrmals während unserer Jahrestagungen vorgestellt und sich als „externer“ Experte wiederholt für Aufgaben der Schutzkommission eingesetzt, zuletzt bei der Begleitung des Projekts „Warnung der Bevölkerung“, über das wir gleich noch mehr erfahren werden. Ein besonderes Zeichen für sein Engagement für die Schutz- kommission ist die Organisation dieser Jahrestagung. Vielen Dank auch hierfür. Dr. Weidringer und Prof. Sefrin sind Ärzte. Sie haben trotz unterschiedlichem beruf- lichem Werdegang und institutioneller Einbindung vieles gemeinsam: sie beschäf- tigen sich seit vielen Jahren engagiert mit Fragen der ärztlichen Versorgung unter eingeschränkten Bedingungen wie in Großschadensereignissen, Katastrophen und im Zivilschutz. Beide haben sich sehr engagiert bei der Erstellung des Berichts der Schutzkommission über „Untersuchungen der gesetzlichen Regelungen zum Schutz und zur Rettung von Menschenleben sowie zur Wahrung und Wiederher- stellung der Gesundheit bei Großschadensereignissen“. Die Schutzkommission war nach Abschluss der Analysen des Gefahrenberichts im Jahr 1996 zur Überzeu- gung gekommen, dass beim zunehmenden Abbau von Spezialeinheiten des Zivilschutzes und der entsprechenden materiellen Vorhaltungen des Bundes im Bereich der medizinischen Versorgung eine Bestandsaufnahme nötig ist, die darauf abzielt, die vorhandenen Möglichkeiten für den koordinierten Einsatz der Einrich- tungen des Gesundheitswesens bei Großschadensereignissen zu prüfen. Die Er- stellung dieses in Eigeninitiative der Schutzkommission unter Leitung von Prof. Rebentisch erstellten Berichts konnte nach nur einjährigen Beratungen abge- schlossen und im September letzten Jahres Herrn Staatssekretär Scharper übergeben werden. Ich möchte Herrn Prof. Rebentisch, Dir lieber Ernst, und allen, die an der Erstellung des Berichts beteiligt waren, herzlich für ihr staatsbürgerliches Engage- ment danken. Ich bin überzeugt, dass der Bericht wichtige Denkanstöße zur Ver- besserung der gegenwärtigen Situation gegeben hat und noch geben wird. Der Bericht bezieht zu allen einschlägigen fachlichen Fragen umfassend Position. Er enthält darüber hinaus eine große Zahl gezielter Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der gegenwärtigen Situation. Wohlgemerkt: es geht nicht darum, neue kostenträch- tige Sonderkonstruktionen zu etablieren. Der Bericht versucht vielmehr, durch Emp- fehlungen für einfache Verbesserungen, die in den meisten Fällen organisatorischer Natur sind und damit bei entsprechendem Gestaltungswillen überwiegend kosten- neutral umgesetzt werden könnten, den Ressourceneinsatz für die medizinische Hilfe bei Katastrophen und im Zivilschutz zu optimieren. Natürlich können wir bei den unterschiedlichen Interessenslagen und der Kompliziertheit der Materie nicht erwarten, dass alle Empfehlungen von allen beteiligten Organisationen und Funk- tionsträgern in den Ländern, von den Fachgesellschaften des Gesundheitswesens und von den Hilfsorganisationen in gleichem Maße akzeptiert werden. Die Empfeh- lungen sollen ja bewusst nur den Rahmen abstecken, der aus fachlicher Sicht und 10
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