The Changing Face of the NCMF
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The NAMTA Journal
The NAMTA Journal Back To The Future Volume 45. Number 1 May 2021 Molly OʼShaughnessy Jacqui Miller Kimberlee Belcher-Badal Ph.D. Robyn MilosGregory MacDonald Jennifer ShieldsJacquie Maughan Lena WikramaratneAudrey Sillick Gerard Leonard Kathleen Allen Jim RobbinsDeborah Bricker Dr. Maria Montessori Mario M. Montessori A.M. Joosten Mary Black Verschuur Ph.D. John McNamara David Kahn TABLE OF CONTENTS BACK TO THE FUTURE:WHY MONTESSORI STILL MATTERS …………..………….…….7 Molly O’Shaughnessy THE RETURN TO SCIENTIFIC PEDAGOGY: EMBRACING OUR ROOTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES……………………………………………………………………….33 Jacqui Miller and Kimberlee Belcher-Badal Ph.D. IN REMEMBRANCE………………………………..……………..……………………...53 Deborah Bricker TRIBUTE TO ANNETTE HAINES…………………..……………..……………………....56 Robyn Milos TRIBUTE TO KAY BAKER………………………..……………..…………………….... 59 Gregory MacDonald TRIBUTE TO JOEN BETTMANN………………..………………..………………………..62 Jennifer Shields GUIDED BY NATURE…………….…………..………….……..………………………..66 Jacquie Maughan THE CHILD IN THE WORLD OF NATURE…….………..…………………………..69 Lena Wikramaratne SOWING THE SEEDS OF SCIENCE:OUR GIFT TO THE FUTURE…………………...78 Audrey Sillick EXPERIENCES IN NATURE:RESOLUTE SECOND-PLANE DIRECTIONS……….……...88 TOWARD ERDKINDER Gerard Leonard and Kathleen Allen 2 The NAMTA Journal • Vol. 44, No. 1 • Winter 2020 ECOPSYCHOLOGY:HOW IMMERSION IN NATURE AFFECTS YOUR HEALTH……….107 TOWARD ERDKINDER Jim Robbins SILENCE AND LISTENING ……………………..………………...……..………….…….115 Gerard Leonard ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE AND THE NATURE OF THE SILENCE GAME…………………………………..………………...………………….. 117 -
NSA's Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure
Under the Radar: NSA’s Efforts to Secure Private-Sector Telecommunications Infrastructure Susan Landau* INTRODUCTION When Google discovered that intruders were accessing certain Gmail ac- counts and stealing intellectual property,1 the company turned to the National Security Agency (NSA) for help in securing its systems. For a company that had faced accusations of violating user privacy, to ask for help from the agency that had been wiretapping Americans without warrants appeared decidedly odd, and Google came under a great deal of criticism. Google had approached a number of federal agencies for help on its problem; press reports focused on the company’s approach to the NSA. Google’s was the sensible approach. Not only was NSA the sole government agency with the necessary expertise to aid the company after its systems had been exploited, it was also the right agency to be doing so. That seems especially ironic in light of the recent revelations by Edward Snowden over the extent of NSA surveillance, including, apparently, Google inter-data-center communications.2 The NSA has always had two functions: the well-known one of signals intelligence, known in the trade as SIGINT, and the lesser known one of communications security or COMSEC. The former became the subject of novels, histories of the agency, and legend. The latter has garnered much less attention. One example of the myriad one could pick is David Kahn’s seminal book on cryptography, The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet.3 It devotes fifty pages to NSA and SIGINT and only ten pages to NSA and COMSEC. -
2003 Iraq War: Intelligence Or Political Failure?
2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Dione Brunson, B.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. April, 2011 DISCLAIMER THE VIEWS EXPRESSED IN THIS ACADEMIC RESEARCH PAPER ARE THOSE OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT REFLECT THE OFFICIAL POLICIES OR POSITIONS OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, OR THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY. ALL INFORMATION AND SOURCES FOR THIS PAPER WERE DRAWN FROM OPEN SOURCE MATERIALS. ii 2003 IRAQ WAR: INTELLIGENCE OR POLITICAL FAILURE? Dione Brunson, B.A. MALS Mentor: Ralph Nurnberger, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The bold U.S. decision to invade Iraq in 2003 was anchored in intelligence justifications that would later challenge U.S. credibility. Policymakers exhibited unusual bureaucratic and public dependencies on intelligence analysis, so much so that efforts were made to create supporting information. To better understand the amplification of intelligence, the use of data to justify invading Iraq will be explored alongside events leading up to the U.S.-led invasion in 2003. This paper will examine the use of intelligence to invade Iraq as well as broader implications for politicization. It will not examine the justness or ethics of going to war with Iraq but, conclude with the implications of abusing intelligence. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you God for continued wisdom. Thank you Dr. Nurnberger for your patience. iv DEDICATION This work is dedicated to Mom and Dad for their continued support. -
DOCID: 3700821 Communications Security and the Problem of Hamlet
.DOCID: 3700821 UNCLASSIFIED Communications Security and the Problem of Hamlet: To Be or Not to Be DANIELJ. KNAUF Editor's Note: Mr. Knauf presented this paper at the conuention of the Armed Forces Communications Electronics Association (AFCEA) in Anaheim, California, on 29 January 1986. We believe that Mr.Knauf 's comments on communications security from the perspective ofa Shakespearean tragedy will be of interest to many ofour readers. 1. INTRODUCTION At risk of offending the many serious students oi Shakespeare, all English majors, and assorted other literati, I should like to examine the communications security of the United States against a slightly unusual backdrop: the tragic story of Hamlet, Prince ofDenmark. William Shakespeare, aft.er all, begins this psychologico.l drama with two words of special interest to those of us in the telecommunications business: "Who's there?" asked by a soldier named Bernardo. The guard to whom he addresses this question, Francisco, has obviously been briefed on proper challenge-and-reply authentication procedures (i.e., that the called party must always initiate the challenge), and stoutly replies: Nay, answer" me: stand, and unfold yourself. Fortunately for Bernardo, they are using an easy-to-remember if not-very- secure password ("Long Live the King"), and so we are allowed to enter into one of the greatest plays ever written - one which adds to its greatness by clearly showing the consequences of poor communications security (Comsec). We may admire, for example, Hamlet's use of Comsec as a "force multiplier" in his neat disposal of that treacherous duo, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, as he tells his friend, Horatio, in Act V: Scene 2. -
Enclosed Is the Header; the Next Three Posts Contain the 517K Flat-Text of the "1984" Polemic
Enclosed is the header; the next three posts contain the 517K flat-text of the "1984" polemic. For hardcore details on ECHELON, see Part 1 from 'Wild Conspiracy Theory' through the end of Part 1. ---guy ****************************************************************************** An Indictment of the U.S. Government and U.S. Politics Cryptography Manifesto ---------------------- By [email protected] 7/4/97-M version "The law does not allow me to testify on any aspect of the National Security Agency, even to the Senate Intelligence Committee" ---General Allen, Director of the NSA, 1975 "You bastards!" ---guy ****************************************************************************** This is about much more than just cryptography. It is also about everyone in the U.S.A. being fingerprinted for a defacto national ID card, about massive illegal domestic spying by the NSA, about the Military being in control of key politicians, about always being in a state of war, and about cybernetic control of society. ****************************************************************************** Part 1: Massive Domestic Spying via NSA ECHELON ---- - ------- -------- ------ --- --- ------- o The NSA Admits o Secret Court o Wild Conspiracy Theory o Over the Top o BAM-BAM-BAM o Australian ECHELON Spotted o New Zealand: Unhappy Campers Part 2: On Monitoring and Being Monitored ---- - -- ---------- --- ----- --------- o On Monitoring - Driver's Seat - Five Months Statistics - The FBI Investigations - I Can See What You Are Thinking - Why I Monitor o On Being -
A Reference Guide to Selected Historical Documents Relating to the National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) 1931-1985
Description of document: A Reference Guide to Selected Historical Documents Relating to the National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) 1931-1985 Requested date: 15-June-2009 Released date: 03-February-2010 Posted date: 15-February-2010 Source of document: National Security Agency Attn: FOIA/PA Office (DJP4) 9800 Savage Road, Suite 6248 Ft. George G. Meade, MD 20755-6248 Fax: 443-479-3612 Online form: Here The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website. A REFERENCE GUIDE TO SELECTED HISTORICAL DOCUMENTS RELATING TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/CENTRAL SECURITY SERVICE 1931-1985 (U) SOURCE DOCUMENTS IN Compiled by: CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY Gerald K. -
COMSEC Monitoring and Analysis, Though NSA Exerted Some Influence Through Its Annual Review of the Consolidated Cryptologic Program and Other Measures
SOUTH EAST AS IA Part One THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CODEWORD MATERIAL TOP SECRET NOFORN TOP SECRET UMBRA NOf?OltN CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY SERIES SOUTHEAST ASIA Working Against the Tide (COM SEC Monitoring and Analysis) PART ONE (b) (3)-P.L. 86-36 Hiram M. Wolfe, I II, ASA Raymond P. Schmidt, NAVSECGRU Thomas N. Thompson, AFSS June 1970 TOP ~t:Cltt:T U~IBftA NOf?OftN SECURITY NOTICE Although the information contained in this journal ranges in security classification from UNCLASSIFIED to TOP SECRET CODEWORD, the overall security classification assigned to this issue is TOP SECRET UMBRA. The "No Foreign Nations" (NOFORN) caveat has been added to guard against inadvertent disclosure of portions of the text which discuss topics normally held to NOFORN channels. While the TSCW NOFORN classification by itself requires careful handling, additional caution should be exercised with regard to the present journal and others in the series because of the comprehensive treatment and broad range of the subject matter. TOP SECRET UMBRA HOFORH ---.--------- ------. -- 'f'Of S:EERE'f' UMBRA normm CRYPTOLOGIC HISTORY SERIES Southeast Asia Sponsors Vice Adm. Noel Gayler, USN Director, NSA Maj. Gen. Charles). Denholm, USA Commanding General. USASA Rear Adm. Ralph E. Cook, USN Commander, NAVSECGRU Maj. Gen. Carl W. Stapleton, USAF Commander, AFSS Joint Staff Juanita M. Moody Chief William D. Gerhard General Editor Lawton L. Sternbeck, ASA Hiram M. Wolfe, III ASA Raymond P. Schmidt NAVSECGRU Bob W. Rush, AFSS Thomas N. Thompson AFSS Mary Ann Bacon Editor 'fOF 3:ECR:E'f UMBRA HOFORPf 'fOP SECRE'f UMBRA ?WFORN Foreword Important as it is in peacetime, communications security becomes even more important in wartime. -
National Security Agency
Coordinates: 39°6′32″N 76°46′17″W National Security Agency The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United National Security Agency States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence. The NSA is responsible for global monitoring, collection, and processing of information and data for foreign and domestic intelligence and counterintelligence purposes, specializing in a discipline known as signals intelligence (SIGINT). The NSA is also tasked with the protection of U.S. communications networks and information systems.[8][9] The NSA relies on a variety of measures to accomplish its Seal of the National Security Agency mission, the majority of which are clandestine.[10] Originating as a unit to decipher coded communications in World War II, it was officially formed as the NSA by President Harry S. Truman in 1952. Since then, it has become the largest of the U.S. intelligence organizations in terms of Flag of the National Security Agency personnel and budget.[6][11] The NSA currently conducts worldwide mass data collection and has been known to physically bug electronic systems as one method to this end.[12] The NSA is also alleged to have been behind such attack software as Stuxnet, which severely damaged Iran's nuclear program.[13][14] The NSA, alongside the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), maintains a physical presence in many countries across the globe; the CIA/NSA joint Special Collection Service (a NSA Headquarters, Fort Meade, Maryland highly classified intelligence team) inserts eavesdropping devices in high value targets (such Agency overview as presidential palaces or embassies). -
ABSTRACT Title of Document: from the BELLY of the HUAC: the RED PROBES of HOLLYWOOD, 1947-1952 Jack D. Meeks, Doctor of Philos
ABSTRACT Title of Document: FROM THE BELLY OF THE HUAC: THE RED PROBES OF HOLLYWOOD, 1947-1952 Jack D. Meeks, Doctor of Philosophy, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Maurine Beasley, Journalism The House Un-American Activities Committee, popularly known as the HUAC, conducted two investigations of the movie industry, in 1947 and again in 1951-1952. The goal was to determine the extent of communist infiltration in Hollywood and whether communist propaganda had made it into American movies. The spotlight that the HUAC shone on Tinsel Town led to the blacklisting of approximately 300 Hollywood professionals. This, along with the HUAC’s insistence that witnesses testifying under oath identify others that they knew to be communists, contributed to the Committee’s notoriety. Until now, historians have concentrated on offering accounts of the HUAC’s practice of naming names, its scrutiny of movies for propaganda, and its intervention in Hollywood union disputes. The HUAC’s sealed files were first opened to scholars in 2001. This study is the first to draw extensively on these newly available documents in an effort to reevaluate the HUAC’s Hollywood probes. This study assesses four areas in which the new evidence indicates significant, fresh findings. First, a detailed analysis of the Committee’s investigatory methods reveals that most of the HUAC’s information came from a careful, on-going analysis of the communist press, rather than techniques such as surveillance, wiretaps and other cloak and dagger activities. Second, the evidence shows the crucial role played by two brothers, both German communists living as refugees in America during World War II, in motivating the Committee to launch its first Hollywood probe. -
523696 REF ID:A523696 {U) Chapter 16 Cryptology and the Watergate
DOCID: 523696 REF ID:A523696 lOP SECRET I::JMBM {U) Chapter 16 Cryptology and the Watergate Era (U) BACKGROUND TO SCANDAL (U) The greatest political scandal in American history originated with an obscure note in the Metro seetion of the Washington Post on Sunday, June 18, 1972. In it, two ~etro . section reporters, Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein, cove~ed what appeared to be an amateurish break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters in the Watergate Hotel in downtown Washington. (U) The Nixon administration managed to cover over the politi~l effects of the break-in until after the elections in Novem~r. But when Congress returned in January, it was ready to investigate. In February 1973, the Senate voted to establish a Select Committee, commonly referred to as the Ervin Committee after Senator Sam Ervin, Democratic senator from North Carolina, to hold hearings. At the time, no one associated with the committee knew where they would get information, since the administration was keeping a tight lip, and· the . Watergate burglars weren't•talking. But on March 23, one of the burglars, James McCord, turned state's evidence: The federal judg~, John Sirica, had been pressuring the defendants by threatening lengthy prison terms if they did not cooperate. Now McCord was cooperating, and the entire thing began to unravel. The president, concerned with get~g on with his second term. tried to shush the (U) Prealclent Nixon an4 hlalDner circle, 1973 whole thing. (U) The scandal, of course, would not shush. Instead, it mushroomed, swallowing first Nixon's White House staff', then much of his cabinet, and imally the president himself. -
Security and Society in the Information Age Vol. 3
SECURITY Katarzyna MANISZEWSKA, Paulina PIASECKA Editors AND SOCIETY IIt is our pleasure to present a third scholarly volume bringing together a unique series of research papers by talented students – participants in the Security and Society in the Information Age program held at Collegium Civitas University in AGE IN THE INFORMATION Warsaw, Poland. In 2020, due to the pandemic, the program was held for first time online and included a component on the security-related implications of Covid-19. The students took part in a fully-fledged online course followed by an online research internship at the Terrorism Research Center. This book presents the results of their SECUR TY work – research papers devoted to contemporary security threats. The contributors not only analyzed the issues but also looked for solutions and these papers include recommendations for policy makers. We hope you will find this book interesting and valuable and we cordially invite you to learn more about the Security and Society in the Information Age program at: www. AND securityandsociety.org Volume 3 SOCIETY IN THE INFORMATION AGE Volume 3 ISBN 978-83-66386-15-0 9 788366 386150 Volume 3 COLLEGIUM CIVITAS „Security and Society in the Information Age. Volume 3” publication is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License under the following terms – you must keep this information and credit Collegium Civitas as the holder of the copyrights to this publication. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Reviews: Daniel Boćkowski, PhD, University of Bialystok Marek Jeznach, PhD, an independent security researcher Editors: Katarzyna Maniszewska, PhD ( https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8021-8135) and Paulina Piasecka, PhD ( https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-8154) Proofreader: Vanessa Tinker, PhD e-ISBN: 978-83-66386-15-0 ISBN-print: 978-83-66386-16-7 DOI 10.6084/m9.figshare.13614143 Publisher: Collegium Civitas Press Palace of Culture and Science, XI floor 00-901 Warsaw, 1 Defilad Square tel. -
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S
Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February 2018 Disclaimer: This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. LLNL-BOOK-746803 Strategic Latency: Red, White, and Blue: Managing the National and International Security Consequences of Disruptive Technologies Zachary S. Davis and Michael Nacht, editors Center for Global Security Research Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory February