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LE MARIN DE LA MARINE MARCHANDE En 50 Leçons 2017 SAILING with the MERCHANT MARINE in 50 Lessons 2017 - 7 LEÇON 03 LEÇON 04

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LE MARIN DE LA MARINE MARCHANDE En 50 Leçons 2017 SAILING with the MERCHANT MARINE in 50 Lessons 2017 - 7 LEÇON 03 LEÇON 04 EN 50 LEÇONS « Naviguer est une activité qui ne convient pas aux imposteurs. Dans bien des professions, on peut faire L’ÉDITO illusion et bluffer en toute impunité. DU DÉLÉGUÉ GÉNÉRAL En bateau, on sait ou on ne sait pas. » À NOS 52 semaines. 52 « leçons » pour mieux connaître le métier MARINS ! Éric TABARLY de marin. Un métier de rigueur et de liberté. Un métier de res- ponsabilité et de savoir-faire. Un métier de passion qui challenge “Sailing the seas is not for charlatans. perpétuellement ceux qui l’exercent. TO OUR In many professions, one can Le marin d’aujourd’hui est un ingénieur, un technicien et un manager. Son pretend and bluff without facing the SEAMEN! métier et sa formation sont très réglementés. La marine marchande recouvre consequences. In a boat however, you des activités aussi différentes que le transport de marchandises, le transport either know what you’re doing or you de passagers, la croisière, la recherche, la pose et réparation de câbles, don’t.” l’extraction, les services portuaires et l’industrie offshore… Il existe donc des Éric TABARLY spécificités techniques qui requièrent des compétences – voire des qualifi- cations – particulières. Les marins d’aujourd’hui manœuvrent des bâtiments grands comme des immeubles et plus technologiques que des avions. Ils contribuent chaque « Il y a trois sortes d’hommes : jour, sur toutes les mers et le long des côtes, à l’approvisionnement de nos les Vivants, les Morts, et ceux qui vont économies, à la mobilité ou aux opérations en mer. sur la Mer. » L’expertise des marins français est reconnue à travers le monde et constitue ARISTOTE un élément de compétitivité et de dynamisme dans une économie hyper mondialisée et concurrentielle. “There are three kinds of men: the living, the dead, and those who Il n’y a pas d’armateurs sans marins : puisse la découverte de ce métier aux sail the sea.” multiples facettes susciter des vocations ! ARISTOTE Hervé THOMAS, Délégué général d’Armateurs de France Ce livret vous est offert par : ÉDITO Humanis est un groupe de protection sociale engagé en faveur de l’envi- ronnement et de la biodiversité*. Le groupe Humanis vise à sensibiliser aux nouvelles approches agro-écologiques respectueuses de l’environnement, de la santé et du bien-être. Dans cette dynamique, un projet innovant d’aquaponie a vu le jour sur son site de Malakoff (92). L’aquaponie permet d’associer, dans un système fermé, l’élevage de poissons (pisciculture) et la culture de plantes hors sol (hydroponie). Ce système ver- tueux fonctionne grâce à la symbiose entre les poissons, les plantes et les bactéries présentes naturellement. Ce dispositif 100 % écologique a aussi une approche économique : réduction d’apport en eau, absence d’intrants nocifs et forte productivité de produits sains et locaux. Ce projet ludique et pédagogique a été réalisé en partenariat avec CitizenFarm. En s’engageant dans la protection de l’environnement et la préservation de la biodiversité, Humanis contribue à protéger la santé des générations futures. Agir aujourd’hui pour vivre mieux demain est le parti pris qu’a choisi le groupe Humanis. Éric BUSSOLON, Directeur du Développement durable d’Humanis * En mars 2017, le programme « Protéger c’est s’engager aussi pour la biodiversité » d’Humanis a obtenu la reconnaissance de la Stratégie Nationale pour la Biodiversité devenant ainsi le 1er groupe de protection sociale à l’obtenir. SAILING WITH THE MERCHANT MARINE In 50 Lessons 2017 - 5 LEÇON 01 LEÇON 02 MARINS D’HIER ET D’AUJOURD’HUI « ARMER », C’EST METTRE La profession de marin a beaucoup outil, cœur du métier d’armateur : DES « BRAS » changé. Avec les évolutions tech- le navire. Le mener « à bon port » On parle « d’armer un navire » lors- navire. Par extension, l’armement niques des navires, les règles de sans encombre à travers les océans qu’on le prépare pour la naviga- d’un navire inclut le chargement sécurité et de sûreté de plus en plus demeure la responsabilité quoti- tion. Étymologiquement, le terme à bord et l’approvisionnement de protectrices, les marins sont des dienne des équipages, au service armer ne vient pas de l’installa- tous les produits consommables, professionnels toujours plus quali- des voyageurs et de ces 90 % du tion à bord d’armes, canons ou depuis le carburant jusqu’aux pro- fiés, compétents, aux commandes commerce mondial transportés par fusils, mais bien du terme anglais visions alimentaires, pour assu- de navires de plus en plus sophis- la mer. Au service de chacun d’entre « arms » (bras), c’est-à-dire affec- rer son autonomie durant toute la tiqués. Seuls maîtres à bord de cet nous. ter un équipage apte à conduire le durée de la traversée. YESTERDAY’S AND TODAY’S SEAMEN “ARMING” A VESSEL MEANS The seaman’s profession has operations, on behalf of the ship- FITTING IT WITH “ARMS” changed considerably. Thanks owner. Bringing the ship “into safe The term “arming a ship” refers to its ble of running the ship. As a logical to the technological advances of harbour” without a mishap after preparation to set sail. Etymological- extension, arming a ship includes the ships and more stringent safety sailing the oceans remains the ly speaking, the term “arming” does on-board loading and procurement and security rules, seamen have crew’s daily focus, ensuring the safe not originate from the on-board of all consumables, from fuel to food become increasingly qualified and passage of passengers and of the installation of weapons, cannons supplies, in order to ensure the ves- competent in handling ever more 90% of world goods transported by or guns, but rather from the word sel’s complete autonomy throughout sophisticated vessels. Alone, they sea. To the benefit of us all. “arm”, as in assigning a crew capa- the entire crossing. are responsible for overseeing ship 6 - LE MARIN DE LA MARINE MARCHANDE en 50 leçons 2017 SAILING WITH THE MERCHANT MARINE In 50 Lessons 2017 - 7 LEÇON 03 LEÇON 04 LE MARIN FAIT PARTIE LE MARIN DES GENS DE MER DE LA MARINE MARCHANDE En droit français, le marin désigne activité professionnelle à quelque Le marin désigne l’ensemble des diverses en vrac ou en conteneurs, « toute personne (…) qui contracte titre que ce soit ». navigants d’activités variées : pêche, camions chargés) ; transport de un engagement maritime envers un Si tous les marins sont des gens de marine nationale, plaisance ou passagers (ferries, croisières) ; armateur ou s’embarque pour son mer, tous les gens de mer ne sont marine marchande. Dans la marine recherche scientifique ; services aux propre compte, en vue d’occuper à pas des marins. La notion de gens marchande, le marin dit « au com- navires (pilotage, remorquage) ; ser- bord d’un navire un emploi relatif à de mer comprend l’ensemble des merce » travaille sur différents types vices aux plates-formes offshore ; la marche, à la conduite, à l’entretien personnes travaillant à bord, par de navire opérant différents types pose et réparation de câbles en mer et au fonctionnement du navire. » exemple, les scientifiques sur les de transport : transport de marchan- (câbliers) ; extraction de granulats Les gens de mer sont « toutes per- navires de recherche, les ingénieurs dises (pétrole, gaz, marchandises marins (sabliers), etc. sonnes salariées ou non salariées sur les navires câbliers, les anima- exerçant à bord d’un navire une teurs sur les navires de croisière, etc. THE MERCHANT NAVY SEAMAN The term seaman designates all of in bulk or containers, loaded lor- THE SEAMAN, PART the various types of sailing trades: ries); passenger transport (ferries, OF THE SEAFARING COMMUNITY fishing, the Navy, yachting or the cruises); scientific research; navi- According to French law, the term or self-employed practising a profes- merchant navy. In the merchant gation services (towing); offshore seaman designates “any individual sional activity on-board a ship.” navy, the so-called “commercial” platform services; installation and (…) signed to a maritime contract While all seamen are seafarers, not seaman works on different types repair of cables at sea (cable ves- serving a shipowner or on the seas all seafarers are seamen. This notion of ships operating different types sels); extraction of marine aggre- of his own volition, for the purpose of a seafarer also encompasses all of transport: freight transport (oil, gates (dredgers); etc. of manning a vessel and performing a on-board crew, e.g. scientists work- gas, various types of cargo whether duty relative to ship navigation, oper- ing on research ships, engineers on ations, maintenance and missions.” cable vessels, cruise ship programme Seafarers are “all persons employed coordinators, etc. 8 - LE MARIN DE LA MARINE MARCHANDE en 50 leçons 2017 SAILING WITH THE MERCHANT MARINE In 50 Lessons 2017 - 9 LEÇON 05 LEÇON 06 DES RÈGLES INTERNATIONALES DU TRAVAIL POUR TOUS LES GENS DE MER L’Organisation internationale du tra- • des conditions de travail et de vie à vail (OIT) s’est dotée, en 2006, d’une bord décentes ; convention internationale claire – la • le droit à la protection de la santé, VIE ET TRAVAIL À BORD Maritime Labour Convention (MLC). aux soins médicaux. Celle-ci fixe les règles communes à Bien sûr, au-delà de ces conditions Pendant les périodes d’embarque- congés. La vie à bord du navire se tous les gens de mer du monde et de travail minimales, chaque pays ment, le navire est à la fois le lieu de partage entre des temps de travail leur garantit des droits fondamentaux impose ses propres règles sociales travail et la résidence du marin. Ce et des moments de loisirs ou de tels que : nationales à bord des navires battant dernier embarque pour des voyages repos.
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