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Ministerio De Energia Y Minas DEL AMBINT CENERGIA Centro de Conservación de Energía y del Ambiente MINISTERIO DE ENERGIA Y MINAS EEESSSTTTUUUDDDIIIOOO EEEVVVAAALLLUUUAAACCCIIIOOONNNEEESSS AAAMMMBBBIIIEEENNNTTTAAALLLEEESSS CCCOOOMMMPPPLLLEEEMMMEEENNNTTTAAARRRIIIAAASSS DDDEEELLL PPPRRROOOYYYEEECCCTTTOOO AAAGGGRRROOOEEENNNEEERRRGGGÉÉÉTTTIIICCCOOO CCCEEENNNTTTRRRAAALLL HHHIIIDDDRRROOOEEELLLÉÉÉCCCTTTRRRIIICCCAAA PPPUUUCCCAAARRRÁÁÁ SSSEEEGGGUUUNNNDDDOOO IIINNNFFFOOORRRMMMEEE::: IIINNNFFFOOORRRMMMEEE LLLÍÍÍNNNEEEAAA BBBAAASSSEEE AAAMMMBBBIIIEEENNNTTTAAALLL YYY SSSOOCCCIIIAAALLL San Borja, enero 2010 DEL AMBINT CENTRO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y DEL AMBIENTE CENERGIA CONTENIDO Pág. 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. ANTECENDENTES ............................................................................................................ 9 1.2. OBJETIVOS Y ALCANCES................................................................................................ 9 1.3. METODOLOGÍA DE TRABAJO.......................................................................................... 9 2. ASPECTOS GENERALES.......................................................................................................... 10 2.1. ÁREA DE EMPLAZAMIENTO FÍSICO DEL PROYECTO................................................ 10 2.2. ÁMBITO DE ESTUDIO ..................................................................................................... 11 2.3. VÍAS DE ACCESO AL ÁREA DEL PROYECTO.............................................................. 11 2.4. DETERMINACIÓN DEL ÁREA DE INFLUENCIA DEL PROYECTO............................... 11 2.4.1. Área de Influencia Directa ...................................................................................... 12 2.4.2. Área de Influencia Indirecta.................................................................................... 12 3. MEDIO FÍSICO............................................................................................................................ 12 3.1. CLIMA Y METEOROLOGÍA ............................................................................................. 13 3.1.1. Clima....................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2. Meteorología........................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2.1. Precipitación............................................................................................ 14 3.1.2.2. Temperatura............................................................................................ 18 3.1.2.3. Evaporación ............................................................................................ 22 3.1.2.4. Humedad Relativa................................................................................... 23 3.1.2.5. Viento .................................................................................................... 25 3.2. CALIDAD DE AIRE ........................................................................................................... 27 3.2.1. Fuentes de emisión de contaminantes................................................................... 27 3.2.2. Monitoreo de calidad de aire de línea base............................................................ 27 3.2.3. Estándares de calidad de aire ................................................................................ 28 3.2.4. Ubicación de puntos de monitoreo......................................................................... 29 3.2.5. Métodos y equipos.................................................................................................. 30 3.2.6. Resultados del monitoreo de calidad de aire ......................................................... 31 3.2.6.1. Casa de Máquinas .................................................................................. 31 3.2.6.2. Zona de obras ......................................................................................... 32 3.3. NIVELES DE RUIDO ........................................................................................................ 32 3.3.1. Metodología y equipos de medición....................................................................... 32 3.3.2. Estándares de calidad ambiental ........................................................................... 33 3.3.3. Ubicación de puntos de monitoreo......................................................................... 33 3.3.4. Resultados del monitoreo de ruidos....................................................................... 34 3.4. GEOLOGÍA ....................................................................................................................... 34 3.4.1. Geología regional ................................................................................................... 34 3.4.1.1. Metodología............................................................................................. 35 3.4.1.2. Unidades Litoestratigráficas y Rocas Ígneas.......................................... 35 3.4.2. Fisiografía ............................................................................................................... 39 3.5. GEOMORFOLOGÍA.......................................................................................................... 40 3.5.1. Geomorfología Regional......................................................................................... 40 3.5.1.1. Procesos morfológicos Regionales......................................................... 40 Informe Línea Base Ambiental y Social Estudio Evaluaciones Ambientales Complementarias del Proyecto Agroenergético Central Hidroeléctrica Pucará Ministerio de Energía y Minas Página 2 DEL AMBINT CENTRO DE CONSERVACIÓN DE ENERGÍA Y DEL AMBIENTE CENERGIA 3.5.1.2. Unidades Geomorfológicas Regionales.................................................. 41 3.6. SUELOS............................................................................................................................ 45 3.6.1. Generalidades ........................................................................................................ 45 3.6.1.1. Fase de Suelos ....................................................................................... 45 3.6.2. Suelos del Área del Proyecto ................................................................................. 46 3.6.2.1. Aspecto Fisiográfico................................................................................ 46 3.6.2.2. Suelos según su Origen.......................................................................... 47 3.6.3. Muestreo de Suelos y descripción de las Calicatas realizadas.............................. 48 3.7. HIDROLOGÍA.................................................................................................................... 50 3.7.1. Caracterización de la Cuenca ................................................................................ 50 3.7.1.1. Parámetros Hidrofisiográficos ................................................................. 51 3.7.2. Hidrografía .............................................................................................................. 58 3.7.2.1. Identificación de ríos (Cuerpos Lóticos).................................................. 59 3.7.2.2. Identificación de Lagunas (Cuerpos Lénticos)........................................ 60 3.7.3. Evaluación de Caudales Medios ............................................................................ 61 3.7.4. Análisis de Máximas Avenidas ............................................................................... 64 3.7.4.1. Métodos Estadísticos .............................................................................. 64 3.7.4.2. Método Curva Envolvente de Avenidas.................................................. 65 3.7.5. Caudales Aforados ................................................................................................. 67 3.7.5.1. Ubicación de los puntos de muestreo..................................................... 67 3.7.5.2. Métodos de medición de caudales.......................................................... 67 3.7.5.3. Aforos realizados en los tramos de interés............................................. 68 3.7.6. Calidad de Agua ..................................................................................................... 71 3.7.6.1. Metodología y equipos de medición........................................................ 71 3.7.6.2. Ubicación de las Estaciones de Monitoreo ............................................. 77 3.7.6.3. Resultados del monitoreo ....................................................................... 79 3.7.6.4. Interpretación de Resultados .................................................................. 86 3.7.7. Hidrogeología ......................................................................................................... 87 3.7.7.1. Objetivos y Alcances............................................................................... 88 3.7.7.2. Rasgos Tectónicos Estructurales y Sísmicos del área del Vilcanota y Salcca-Acco ............................................................................................ 89 3.7.7.3. Recursos Minerales y Actividades Mineras ............................................ 90 3.7.7.4. Fuentes Geotermales.............................................................................
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