DOCSLIB.ORG

Impact Glasses from Zhamanshin Crater (USSR)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impact Glasses from Zhamanshin Crater (USSR) 80 Earth awl Plauelaty Science Leuers, 78 (1986) 80-88 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam - Printed in The Netherlands IS1 Impact glassesfrom Zhamanshin crater (U.S.S.R.) : chemical composition and discussion of origin Christian Koeberl ’ and Kurt Fredriksson 2 ’ Insritrrre of Geochemisny, Uniuersiry oj Vienna, P.O. Box 73. A-1094 Viema (Arcsrriu) ’ Deparanettr of Mineral Scierrces, Snlithsotriatl Jrlstirurion, Washingron. DC 20560 (U.S.A.) Received October 12, 1985; revised version received February 17, 1986 Three silica-rich zhamanshinites and one irghizite from the Zhamanshin impact crater (northern Aral area, U.S.S.R.) have been analyzed for up to 40 major, minor, and trace elements. All data point to a clear distinction between these impact glasses and other tektites or impact glasses. e.g. from the Australasian strewn field. Halogens are generally enriched in the irghizites and zhamanshinites when compared to normal splash for tektites. with zhamanshinites enriched more than irghizites. The same holds also for the alkali metals and a number of other volatile elements like Sb and As. Nickel and cobalt are enriched in the irghizite sample IO a considerable degree, suggesting meteoritic contamination. This view is also supported by gold and selenium data, but for quantifications.other siderophile elements need to be considered. Chromium is not a valid indicator of meteoritic contamination. because small amounts of ultra-basic igneous material may completely alter the picture. The rare earth elements do show a sedimentary pattern, consistent with two or three different source materials and a variation which is probably mostly due to dilution with silica-rich materials. The peak pressure and temperature experienced by the irghizites was lower than for australites or other splash-form tektites, and even lower for zhamanshinites, which is revealed by the content of volatile elements and lesser homogeneity. 1. Introduction in size and of irregular shape (rope-form, wire- form). They contain lechatelierite particles and The Zhamanshin impact crater is situated near vesicles. Zhamanshinites are of much larger size the river Irghiz about 200 km north of Aralsk in and very often of irregular, blocky appearance. Khazakhstan in the U.S.S.R. and is the source of They are dark in colour and show schlieren, a very interesting varieties of impact glasses. De- layered structure, and numerous bubbles and in- scriptions of the geology of the crater can be clusions. found in the literature [l-6] and need not be Because these impact glasses (zhamanshinites) repeated here. Two principal types of impact and tektites (irghizites) are closely associated with glasses are abundant. The first are called irghizites a specific crater, important conclusions can be [l] and microirghizites [7] and resemble tektites in made concerning the formation process of tektites. composition with an average SiOz content of about However, because of the restricted occurrence of 74%. The second class is called zhamanshinite. the glasses it may, however, not be justified to The zhamanshinites are subdivided into three sub- refer to the irghizite-zhamanshinite area as a fifth groups according to their silica content: (a) the tektite strewn field. Besides a greater inhomogene- silica-rich zhamanshinites (about 70-80s SiO,) ity, there are some other features like higher (b) the zhamanshinites (about 52-57% SiO,), and Fe3+/Fe2+ ratios and water content *, which seem (c) the basic (or silica-poor) zhamanshinites (ca. to put the irghizites between tektites and other 40% SiO,) [5,8]. The irghizites are small, tektite-like impact glasses [9,10]. glasses, a few millimeters up to a few centimeters Chemical analyses of these glasses are of inter- est in providing a basis for deducing the origin of l One analysis by J. Barrows of a 0.6 g irghirite sample gave impactites and tektites in one event. Major ele- 0.20 wt.% H,O. ment determinations in a number of different 0012-821 X/86/%03.50 0 1986 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 81 samples have been performed by Ehmann et al. using the electronprobe at the Smithsonian In- [ll], Fredriksson et al. [9], Taylor and McLennan stitution. Results of homogeneity studies of the [12], Florenskij and Dabizha [5], Boubka et al. [S], 18201 sample have been reported by Koeberl et al. Shaw and Wasserburg [13], and Koeberl et al. [14], [14]. Standard correction methods [15,16] have showing a widespread compositional variation and been applied. Fluorine has been determined using inhomogeneity among the zhamanshinites but a F--sensitive electrode technique (which was in- limited in irghizites. Trace element studies have tercompared to a rapid instrumental neutron been more limited. Ehmann et al. [ll], Florenskij activation analysis method) as described by and Dabizha [5], and BouSka et al. [8] included Koeberl et al. [17,18]. Other trace elements have relatively small numbers of different trace ele- been analyzed using various neutron activation ments. The most complete data set [12] includes analysis procedures. Analytical techniques and data for up to 32 trace elements, but for only one some data for the rare earth elements in the three Si-rich zhamanshinite and two irghizites. To im- silica-rich zhamanshinite samples have been re- prove the data base, we have analyzed four ad- ported by Koeberl et al. [19]. The INAA proce- ditional samples for up to 40 elements. dures for the other elements follow the methods described previously [20]. Se, Ru, and Au in 18201 2. Samples and methods were determined after radiochemical separation, while Au in USNM 6200 was determined via Three silica-rich zhamanshinites (18201, USNM INAA. Ferric/ferrous ratios were determined 6014, and USNM 6015) and one irghizite (USNM wet-chemically. 6200) have been analyzed in the course of this study (see Figs. 1 and 2). One silica-rich 3. Results and discussion zhamanshinite (18201) was analyzed by using the fully automated five spectrometer ARL-SEMQ The results of the major element determina- electron microprobe at the University of Vienna, tions are given in Table 1. Comparison data from while the USNM samples have been analyzed the literature are given in Table 2. The irghizite Fig. 1. Silksrich zhnmanshinites USNM 6013 (right) and USNM 6014 (left). (Photo courtesy D. Fulrell.) 82 Fig. 2. Silica-rich zhamanshinite USNM 6015 (fragment). (Photo courtesy D. Futrell.) analysis fits well within the range reported by sample of the silica-rich zhamanshinites analyzed BouSka et al. [8] from 31 samples, except for by Taylor and McLennan [12], yielding the suspi- Al,O,, which is slightly lower. Thus our sample cion that we also have to expect slightly lower seems to represent a typical irghizite, at least with contents in many trace elements (especially the respect to major elements. The zhamanshinites are refractories) due to SiO, “dilution”. more inhomogeneous as clearly shown by elec- Trace element data for the samples are reported tronprobe work [14], but all samples fit within the in Table 3. Comparison data from Taylor and range given by Florenskij and Dabizha [5] as well McLennan [12] and BouSka et al. [8] are reported as the smaller major element ranges of BouSka et in Table 4. The agreement between our data and al. [8]. The zhamanshinite samples all have a higher the literature data is excellent especially for the SiO, content (and thus lower Al,O,, FeO, etc., irghizites which appear, relatively, homogeneous due to the inverse relation with SiO,) than the one indicating common parent materials. TABLE 1 Major element data for three silica-rich zhamanshinites (18201. USNM 6014, and USNM 6015) and one irghizite (USNM 6200). obtained by electron-microprobe analysis (all data in wt.%) SiO, TiO, Al 2’3 Fe0 * WO CaO Na,O KzO Silica-rich zhamanshinites 18201 16.5 0.65 12.5 4.67 0.90 0.66 1.14 3.06 USNM 6014 75.3 11.1 3.96 0.15 0.59 1.97 2.71 USNM 6015 16.4 11.2 4.65 0.91 0.60 1.87 2.56 lrghizire USNM 6200 73.1 0.75 9.35 6.50 3.40 2.47 1.07 1.75 * All Fe as FeO. 83 TABLE 2 3. I. Major elements Comparison data from the literature for %-rich zhamanshinites and irghizites (from Florenskij and Dabizha [S] and BouSka et Taylor and McLennan [12] claim that there is a al. [8]) (all data in WI.%) very close similarity between their irghizite and Irghizites Silica-rich zhamanshinite data and the three javanites they zhamanshinites analyzed. We can only support this similarity with SiO, 70.0 -79.4 62.9 -88.1 our irghizite analysis, although iron is rather high TiO 0.69- 0.99 0.23- 1.10 and the K,O/Na,O ratio is smaller. If compared Al ,h 9.45-13.6 4.80-21.2 to the large data set of Chapman and Scheiber Fe0 l 4.24- 6.81 1.98- 8.05 [21], the similarity to other tektites from the Md’ 2.16- 3.76 0.34- 1.16 CaO 1.75- 2.85 0.55- 2.16 Australasian strewn field is not entirely convinc- Na,O 0.85- 1.22 0.57- 1.84 ing-if the CaO/MgO ratio is about right, then K,O 1.58- 2.14 O.lO- 3.07 the Al,O, abundance is too high. In most cases, l All Fe as FeO. however, MgO is somewhat less than CaO. The similarity between the silica-rich zhamanshinites and other groups of tektites from the Australasian TABLE 3 Trace element data for three silica-rich zhamanshinites and one irghizite (data in ppm) Element Zhamanshinites Irghizite 18201 USNM 6014 USNM 6015 USNM 6200 F 67 72 81 61 Cl 171 128 SC 6.50 7.98 9.06 7.80 V 75 Cr 58 49 62 259 Mn 690 702 820 600 co 10.6 8.6 10.2 91.3 Ni 25 1720 Zn 11 As 4.7 8.7 0.5 Se 0.0018 Br 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.1 Rb 79 118 99 38 Zr 240 220 290 360 RU 0.21 Sb 0.73 0.50 0.51 0.26 CS 4.1 3.72 3.54 2.09 Ba 320 290 390 530 La 21.2 21.8 26.0 15.2 Ce 50.7 50.1 58.3 35.0 Nd 18.3 16.8 31.4 14.0 Sm 3.12 4.1 4.6 2.60 Eu 0.95 0.99 1.08 0.45 Tb 0.75 0.64 0.69 0.56 DY 4.31 3.8 3.0 2.25 Yb 2.20 2.30 2.29 1.75 Lu 0.35 0.35 0.41 0.26 HI 6.3 5.5 6.5 9.93 To 0.75 0.53 0.64 0.82 Au 0.0029 0.0083 Th 6.9 7.8 8.6 5.14 U 1.84 1.50 1.98 0.77 84 TABLE 4 Trace elemenls in zhamanshinites and irghizites-comparison data from Taylor and McLennan [12] (USNM 5932.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Magnetic Properties and Redox State of Impact Glasses: a Review and New Case Studies from Siberia
    geosciences Review Magnetic Properties and Redox State of Impact Glasses: A Review and New Case Studies from Siberia Pierre Rochette 1,* , Natalia S. Bezaeva 2,3, Andrei Kosterov 4 ,Jérôme Gattacceca 1, Victor L. Masaitis 5, Dmitry D. Badyukov 6, Gabriele Giuli 7 , Giovani Orazio Lepore 8 and Pierre Beck 9 1 Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Coll. France, INRA, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France; [email protected] 2 Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies, Kazan Federal University, 4/5 Kremlyovskaya Str., 420008 Kazan, Russia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Str., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia 4 St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 5 A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Sredny prospect 74, 199106 St. Petersburg, Russia; [email protected] 6 V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 19 Kosygin str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; [email protected] 7 School of Science and Technology-Geology division, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy; [email protected] 8 CNR-IOM-OGG c/o ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble, France; [email protected] 9 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, UMR5274, 38041 Grenoble, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-442971562 Received: 26 February 2019; Accepted: 11 May 2019; Published: 15 May 2019 Abstract: High velocity impacts produce melts that solidify as ejected or in-situ glasses. We provide a review of their peculiar magnetic properties, as well as a new detailed study of four glasses from Siberia: El’gygytgyn, Popigai, urengoites, and South-Ural glass (on a total of 24 different craters or strewn-fields).
    [Show full text]
  • Shock Papers 2016
    Shock Physics Papers 2016 Abbas, S.H., Jang, J.-K., Lee, J.-R. and Kim, Z. 2016 "Development of an FPGA-based multipoint laser pyroshock measurement system for explosive bolts" Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87 073302 Adushkin, V.V. and Oparin, V.N. 2016 "From the alternating-sign explosion response of rocks to the pendulum waves in stressed geomedia. 4" J. Mining Sci. 52 1-35 Agarwal, G. and Dongare, A.M. 2016 "Shock wave propagation and spall failure in single crystal magnesium at atomic scales" J. Appl. Phys. 119 145901 Ageev, E.I., Kudryashov, S.I., Nikonorov, N.V., Nuryev, R.K., Petrov, A.A., Samokhvalov, A.A. and Veiko, V.P. 2016 "Non-contact ultrasonic acquisition of femtosecond laser-driven ablative Mbar-level shock waves on titanium alloy surface" Appl. Phys. Letts 108 084106 Ageev, E.I., Bychenkov, V.Y., Ionin, A.A., Kudryashov, S.I., Petrov, A.A., Samokhvalov, A.A. and Veiko, V.P. 2016 "Double-pulse femtosecond laser peening of aluminum alloy AA5038: Effect of inter-pulse delay on transient optical plume emission and final surface micro-hardness" Appl. Phys. Letts 109 211902 Agrawal, V., Peralta, P., Li, Y. and Oswald, J. 2016 "A pressure-transferable coarse- grained potential for modeling the shock Hugoniot of polyethylene" J. Chem. Phys. 145 104903 Ahn, D.H., Kim, W., Kang, M., Park, L.J., Lee, S. and Kim, H.S. 2016 "Corrigendum to ‘Plastic deformation and microstructural evolution during the shock consolidation of ultrafine copper powders’" Mater. Sci. Engng A 654 379-380 Akin, M.C., Fratanduono, D.E.
    [Show full text]
  • New Clues from Earth's Most Elusive Impact Crater: Evidence of Reidite in Australasian Tektites from Thailand
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321956231 New clues from Earth's most elusive impact crater: Evidence of reidite in Australasian tektites from Thailand Article in Geology · December 2017 DOI: 10.1130/G39711.1 CITATIONS READS 0 64 4 authors, including: Aaron J. Cavosie Timmons Erickson Curtin University Curtin University 100 PUBLICATIONS 2,285 CITATIONS 27 PUBLICATIONS 159 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Aaron J. Cavosie on 16 March 2018. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. New clues from Earth’s most elusive impact crater: Evidence of reidite in Australasian tektites from Thailand Aaron J. Cavosie1, Nicholas E. Timms1, Timmons M. Erickson2, and Christian Koeberl3,4 1The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia 2Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas 77058, USA 3Natural History Museum, 1010 Vienna, Austria 4Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT in Australasian tektites from Thailand supports a Australasian tektites are enigmatic drops of siliceous impact melt found in an ~8000 × location for the source crater in Southeast Asia. ~13,000 km strewn field over Southeast Asia and Australia, including sites in both the Indian and Pacific oceans. These tektites formed only 790,000 yr ago from an impact crater estimated MUONG NONG–TYPE TEKTITES to be 40–100 km in diameter; yet remarkably, the young and presumably large structure Muong Nong–type tektites (MN-type, or lay- remains undiscovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Nördlingen 2010: the Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration, P
    Program and Abstract Volume LPI Contribution No. 1559 The Ries Crater, the Moon, and the Future of Human Space Exploration June 25–27, 2010 Nördlingen, Germany Sponsors Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz-Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Germany Institut für Planetologie, University of Münster, Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt DLR (German Aerospace Center) at Berlin, Germany Institute of Geoscience, University of Freiburg, Germany Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI), Houston, USA Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Science Foundation), Bonn, Germany Barringer Crater Company, Decatur, USA Meteoritical Society, USA City of Nördlingen, Germany Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen, Germany Community of Otting, Ries, Germany Märker Cement Factory, Harburg, Germany Local Organization City of Nördlingen Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz- Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Center of Ries Crater and Impact Research (ZERIN), Nördlingen Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Community of Otting, Ries Märker Cement Factory, Harburg Organizing and Program Committee Prof. Dieter Stöffler, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Prof. Wolf Uwe Reimold, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Dr. Kai Wünnemann, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin Hermann Faul, First Major of Nördlingen Prof. Thomas Kenkmann, Freiburg Prof. Harald Hiesinger, Münster Prof. Tilman Spohn, DLR, Berlin Dr. Ulrich Köhler, DLR, Berlin Dr. David Kring, LPI, Houston Dr. Axel Wittmann, LPI, Houston Gisela Pösges, Ries Crater Museum, Nördlingen Ralf Barfeld, Chair, Society Friends of the Ries Crater Museum Lunar and Planetary Institute LPI Contribution No. 1559 Compiled in 2010 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
    [Show full text]
  • © in This Web Service Cambridge University
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81928-2 - Perilous Planet Earth: Catastrophes and Catastrophism Through the Ages Trevor Palmer Index More information Index Abbas, Asfar and Samar, 206 Alvarez, Walter, 214–18, 222, 223, 226, 234, 235, Abu Ruwash (Egypt), 325, 326 237, 238, 242, 250, 272, 278, 280, 282, 283, acid rain, 204, 222, 232, 233, 239, 336, 342, 365 350 American Association for the Advancement of acquired characteristics, inheritance of, 29, 33, 61, Science, 124 80, 86–8, 91, 93, 167, 173. American Museum of Natural History, 107, 138, Acraman impact structure (Australia), 257 151, 164, 300 actualism, principle of, 19, 46, 77 amino acids, 92, 235 adaptive evolution, 88–91, 97, 102, 147, 148, 151, ammonites, 215, 229, 265, 269 155–7, 169, 178, 181 ammonoids, 133, 265, 269 adaptive mutations, 175 Amor asteroids, 192 Afar region (Ethiopia), hominid fossils from, 108, 1999 AN10 (asteroid), 200 161, 162, 289 Ancient Mysteries (James and Thorpe), 319, 320, Africa–Eurasia collision, 26, 287, 302 347, 348 Agassiz, Louis, 41, 49, 53, 54, 59, 72 Anders, Mark, 233 Ager, Derek, 30 Anderson, David, 352 age of the Earth, 5, 6, 14, 18, 19, 33, 34, 82, 83, Andromedid meteors, 57 172, 173 Angkor complex (Cambodia), 328, 329 Ahrens, Thomas, 208 Annals of Fulda, 353–8 Akkad civilisation, 340 Annals of St. Bertin, 353–6 Akrotiri (Santorini), 131, 132, 335 Annals of Xanten, 353–7 Al’Amarah Crater (Iraq), 348 anoxia, 256, 257, 259–64, 267, 268, 284–6, 315, Alamo Crater (Nevada), 261 366 Alaska earthquake, 211 Antarctica–Australia separation, 269,
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Glasses from Belize Represent Tektites from the Pleistocene
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00155-1 OPEN Impact glasses from Belize represent tektites from the Pleistocene Pantasma impact crater in Nicaragua ✉ Pierre Rochette1 , Pierre Beck2, Martin Bizzarro3, Régis Braucher 1, Jean Cornec4, Vinciane Debaille5, Bertrand Devouard 1, Jérôme Gattacceca1, Fred Jourdan 6, Fabien Moustard1,10, Frédéric Moynier7, Sébastien Nomade 8 & Bruno Reynard 9 Tektites are terrestrial impact-generated glasses that are ejected long distance (up to 11,000 km), share unique characteristics and have a poorly understood formation process. Only four 1234567890():,; tektite strewn-fields are known, and three of them are sourced from known impact craters. Here we show that the recently discovered Pantasma impact crater (14 km diameter) in Nicaragua is the source of an impact glass strewn-field documented in Belize 530 km away. Their cogenesis is documented by coincidental ages, at 804 ± 9 ka, as well as consistent elemental compositions and isotopic ratios. The Belize impact glass share many character- istics with known tektites but also present several peculiar features. We propose that these glasses represent a previously unrecognized tektite strewn-field. These discoveries shed new light on the tektite formation process, which may be more common than previously claimed, as most known Pleistocene >10 km diameter cratering events have generated tektites. 1 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, UM 34 CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France. 2 IPAG Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Grenoble, France. 3 Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4 Geologist, Denver, USA. 5 Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
    [Show full text]
  • NURAZLIN ABDULLAH.Pdf
    KAJIAN TERHADAP MINERAL POLIMORF SEBAGAI BUKTI IMPAK METEORIT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN BAHAN ASAS INDUSTRI LITIK DI BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK, MALAYSIA NURAZLIN BT ABDULLAH UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA 2017 KAJIAN TERHADAP MINERAL POLIMORF SEBAGAI BUKTI IMPAK METEORIT DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN BAHAN ASAS INDUSTRI LITIK DI BUKIT BUNUH, LENGGONG, PERAK, MALAYSIA. oleh NURAZLIN BT ABDULLAH Tesis yang diserahkan untuk memenuhi keperluan bagi Ijazah Sarjana Sastera JULAI 2017 PENGHARGAAN Syukur Alhamdulillah dengan limpah rahmat dan kesyukuran yang tidak terhingga ke hadrat Ilahi kerana dengan izin dan kekuasaanNya dapat saya menyempurnakan penulisan tesis ini. Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan jutaan terima kasih dirakamkan kepada Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mokhtar Saidin, Pengarah Pusat Penyelidikan Arkeologi Global (PPAG), Universiti Sains Malaysia dan selaku penyelia saya atas segala nasihat, dorongan, bantuan dan keprihatinan semasa menyempurnakan tesis ini. Pada kesempatan ini juga saya ingin merakamkan ribuan terima kasih kepada Prof. Hamzah Mohamad yang sedia memberi bimbingan dan tunjuk ajar semasa menganalisis data kajian untuk tesis ini. Sanjungan budi juga kepada semua pensyarah-pensyarah, pegawai dan staf serta rakan-rakan saya di Pusat Peyelidikan Arkeologi Global atas sokongan dan dorongan dalam menyiapkan tesis ini. Kajian ini telah disokong daripada segi kewangan terutamanya oleh Geran Penyelidikan Universiti, USM dan biasiswa Mybrain oleh Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi yang telah banyak memudahkan kajian ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga ditujukan kepada Jabatan Warisan Malaysia atas keizinan bagi memasuki kawasan kajian Bukit Bunuh. Pada masa yang sama, penghargaan dan terima kasih yang tidak terhingga ditujukan kepada keluarga tercinta. Akhir sekali, saya ingin tujukan ucapan terima kasih kepada semua yang terlibat secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam menghasilkan disertasi ini dan diharapkan disertasi ini dapat memberikan maklumat yang berguna.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from Central Mexico Supporting the Younger Dryas Extraterrestrial Impact Hypothesis
    Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis Isabel Israde-Alcántaraa, James L. Bischoffb,1, Gabriela Domínguez-Vázquezc, Hong-Chun Lid, Paul S. DeCarlie, Ted E. Bunchf, James H. Wittkef, James C. Weaverg, Richard B. Firestoneh, Allen WestI, James P. Kennettj, Chris Mercerk, Sujing Xiel, Eric K. Richmanm, Charles R. Kinzien, and Wendy S. Wolbachn aDepartamento de Geología y Mineralogía, Edif. U-4. Instituto de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicólas de Hidalgo, C. P. 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, México; bUS Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025; cFacultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicólas Hidalgo C. P. 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, México; dDepartment of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China; eSRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025; fGeology Program, School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff AZ 86011; gWyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; hLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; IGeoScience Consulting, Dewey, AZ 86327; jDepartment of Earth Science and Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; kNational Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan; lCAMCOR High Resolution and MicroAnalytical Facilities, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; mMaterials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403; and nDepartment of Chemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614 Edited by* Steven M. Stanley, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, and approved January 31, 2012 (received for review July 13, 2011) We report the discovery in Lake Cuitzeo in central Mexico of a the Greenland Ice Sheet in a layer that dates to the approximate black, carbon-rich, lacustrine layer, containing nanodiamonds, YD onset (4).
    [Show full text]
  • Magnetism of Tektite-Like Glasses from the Zhamanshin Impact Structure, Kazakhstan
    81st Annual Meeting of The Meteoritical Society 2018 (LPI Contrib. No. 2067) 6113.pdf MAGNETISM OF TEKTITE-LIKE GLASSES FROM THE ZHAMANSHIN IMPACT STRUCTURE, KAZAKHSTAN. V. A. Starunov1, P. V. Kharitonskii2, A. Kosterov2, E. S. Sergienko2, S. Yu. Yanson2, G. P. Markov3, A. S. Sakhatskii2, I. E. Lezova2, and E. V. Shevchenko2 1Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere, and Radiowave Propagation, St. Petersburg Branch, Mendeleevskaya Liniya, 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia, Email: [email protected], 2St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb., 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia, Email: [email protected], 3Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bol’shaya Gruzinskaya ul., 10, 123995 Moscow, Russia, Email: [email protected] Introduction: The tektite-like impact glasses have been collected on the surface of Zhamanshin structure, Kazakhstan (48°24'N, 60°48'E), a ~13 km diameter impact crater formed about 1 My ago [1]. A remarkable feature of the Zhamanshin crater is the simultaneous presence of tektite-like material, locally called irghizites, impact melts containing a significant amount of glass (zhamanshinites), and microtektite like material referred to as microirghizite [2]. Irghizites typically occur as sprays, droplets, dumbbells, strips, twigs, fragments up to 3-5 cm long and weighing from about 50 mg up to 3-4 g. Geochemically, irghizites can be classified as acidic glass, containing > 70-75% SiO2 and resembling in this aspect classical tektites. Methods: The initial magnetic susceptibility (K) has been measured with a susceptibility bridge MFK-1FA (AGICO) for over 700 samples. Out of these, natural remanent magnetization (NRM) intensity was measured for 245 samples using a SRM 755 SQUID magnetometer (2G Enterprises, noise level ~ 5·10-12 Am²).
    [Show full text]
  • Zhamanshin Astrobleme Provides Evidence for Carbonaceous
    Zhamanshin astrobleme provides evidence for carbonaceous chondrite and post-impact exchange between ejecta and Earth’s atmosphere Tomáš Magna, Karel Žák, Andreas Pack, Frédéric Moynier, Berengere Mougel, Stefan Peters, Roman Skala, Šárka Jonášová, Jiří Mizera, Zdeněk Řanda To cite this version: Tomáš Magna, Karel Žák, Andreas Pack, Frédéric Moynier, Berengere Mougel, et al.. Zhaman- shin astrobleme provides evidence for carbonaceous chondrite and post-impact exchange between ejecta and Earth’s atmosphere. Nature Communications, Nature Publishing Group, 2017, 8, pp.227. 10.1038/s41467-017-00192-5. insu-02612989 HAL Id: insu-02612989 https://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-02612989 Submitted on 19 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00192-5 OPEN Zhamanshin astrobleme provides evidence for carbonaceous chondrite and post-impact exchange between ejecta and Earth’s atmosphere Tomáš Magna1, Karel Žák2, Andreas Pack3, Frédéric Moynier4,5, Bérengère Mougel4, Stefan Peters3, Roman Skála2, Šárka Jonášová2,Jiří Mizera6 & Zdeněk Řanda6 Chemical fingerprints of impacts are usually compromised by extreme conditions in the impact plume, and the contribution of projectile matter to impactites does not often exceed a fraction of per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • Age and Chemical Composition of Тне Zнaмanshin Crater Impactites and Tektites Cqmparison with Australasian Tektites
    E.Izokh, L.каshkаrоv, N .коrоtkоvа AGE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ТНЕ ZНAМANSHIN CRATER IMPACTITES AND TEKTITES AND CQMPARISON WITH AUSTRALASIAN TEKTITES Novosibirsk 1993 RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES SIВERIAN BRANCI:I UNIТED INSTIТUTE OF GEOLOGY, GEOPНYSICS AND MINERALOGY E.Izokh, L.Kashkarov, N.Korotkova AGE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION ОР ТНЕ ZHAМANSHIN CRATER IMPACTITES AND TEKTITES. AND COMPARISON WITH AUSTRALASIAN TEKTITES NOVOSIВIRSK 1993 E.Izokh, I,.каShkагоv N .Korotkova. A�e . and chemical composition of the Zhamanshin Crater ...lmpactites and Tektites and comparison with Australasian Tektites. NovosibIrSk, 1993. 94 р. ISBN 5-7323-1784-6 ТЬе Zhamanshin impact ci'ater is the only impact crater оп the Earth where impactites, various tektites and microtektites coexist. Тhus t�e Crater becomes the best object to solve the old tektite puzzle. Published before and new data оп the radiogenic ages and chemistry of the Zhamanshin tektites and Australasian tektites summarized to demonstrate their close genetic relations. ТЬе tektite age-paradox �erves as the base evidence in favor of the exstraterrestrial origin of tektites. Тhe petrographical and petrochemical features of tektites demonstrate their most рсоЬаЫе volcanic origin. ISBN 5-7323-1784-6 © E.P.Izokh, UIGGM, 1993 L.Firsov (Novosibirsk) was the first to obtain < 1 т.у. K-Ar age of the Zhamanshin acid glasses. V.Perelygin фиЬпа Inst. of Nuclear Physics) obtained 0.81 +0.16 т.у. fission track age of the same glasses (Florensky et аl, 1979). 1.07+0.05 and 1.07+0.06 fission track ages of the acid zhamanshinites and irghizites respectively were obtained Ьу Storzer and Wagner (1977, 1979).
    [Show full text]
  • Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr
    TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES: The TanDEM-X Atlas. Vol.1 and 2. Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2020, 608 p. ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America M. Gottwald, T. Kenkmann and W. U. Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Manfred Gottwald Thomas Kenkmann Wolf Uwe Reimold TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil · München 2020 ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. front cover Vredefort Dome, Meteor Crater, Serra da Cangalha (from left to right). Top row: TanDEM-X topographic maps; bottom row Sentinel-2 RGB images, fused with the TanDEM-X digital elevation model. back cover Top: Meteor Crater (photo: T. Kenkmann); bottom: B.P. structure (photo: W. U. Reimold). print support by and Wolf Uwe Reimold and Manfred Gottwald Copyright © 2020 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Alle Rechte vorbehalten – All rights reserved. Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Art der Vervielfältigung und Weitergabe, auch auszugsweise und in elektronischer Form, insbesondere im Internet, bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung durch den Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. Druckvorstufe: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Druck: PBtisk a.s., Prˇíbram I – Balonka ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Printed in the European Union Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Straße 27, 81379 München, Germany Tel.: + 49 (0)89 5528600-0 • Fax: + 49 (0)89 5528600-4 • E-Mail: [email protected] www.pfeil-verlag.de Contents Contents Preface .....................................................................
    [Show full text]