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Evolving As Skipper Or Crew 3 EVOLVING AS SKIPPER OR CREW “A good sailor isn’t fearful of high winds and big seas—he’s petrified of the deep!” —a favorite saying of Ernest Shackleton, commander of the 1914–16 Endurance expedition, and Frank Worsley, captain of the Endurance t some time or another, all offshore veterans set- Atle in their berth and ponder the hull skin that separates their tiny seagoing habitat from the great abyss beneath. Since the human mind is imbued with both a strong sense of survival and inductive reasoning, it’s not surprising that most crews step up and care for their vessels. Nor is it surprising that we continue to see naval architecture and engineer- ing advance and evolve. Sea sense coaxes a skipper to commission a refit, develop survival strategies (including a rational damage-control plan), replace tired rigging, upgrade firefighting gear, and take steps to avoid capsize. This same sea sense leads skippers to develop an onboard routine that allows the crew a safe and en- During a summer sail-training cruise, U.S. Naval joyable passage from point A to point B. Few land- Academy midshipmen and an active duty officer work out the based activities allow such complete control over time-honored skills of watchkeeping. day-to-day operations. However, this control also brings profound responsibility for both what skip- spring line to outwit an offsetting current. We know pers do on board and what they fail to do. Therefore, that some voyagers learned to navigate on their way prudent skippers learn to match their decisions to to Tahiti and lived to tell about it, but we also know the boat’s strength, the conditions at hand, and the such impulse voyaging more likely ends with less- crew’s abilities. than-ideal memories. Skippers and crew find themselves continuously A seafaring New Zealander and good friend, Ross tested. Whether arriving, departing, or sailing in be- Norgrove always expressed his insights into cruising tween, the never-ending changes in wind and sea with a quizzically impish grin. Here’s one of Ross’s fa- reset the stage, even on familiar, often-repeated pas- vorite observations: More great voyages have been made sages. Veterans of twenty-plus Bermuda runs will tell despite rather than because of the vessel in which they you that no two passages are ever quite the same. were sailed. This characteristically backhanded Kiwi Skills are typically acquired in incremental steps, compliment underscores the importance of a compe- and as discussed in the previous chapters, if your tent crew, the most valuable component in any voy- goals include long-range cruising, we recommend age and the first line of defense when the going gets developing those skills closer to home. Even simple rough. True, a seaworthy boat is surely a safer boat, things should be part of the skipper’s set of skills, which is why we’ve included Chapter 12 to consider such as knowing how to use an aft spring line when the attributes of seaworthiness. But the seamanship coming alongside a dock or to back against a forward of the skipper and crew matter (continued page 49) 47 48 THE ART OF SEAMANSHIP TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES Local Learn-to-Sail Programs Sailing uses sea trials to gauge their instructors’ com- Many boatowners never experience the value of a petence. For decades, Timothea Larr and Sheila Mc- local sail-training program. While the quality of such Curdy have helped guide US Sailing’s National Faculty programs can vary greatly, depending in part on the and Training Committee. The group annually gathers instructor’s sailing and communications skills, many together professional and amateur sailors to develop programs now have a stronger curriculum and better training materials for sailors ranging from youthful be- training process. US Sailing and the American Sailing ginners to experienced ocean passagemakers. Association are two primary overseers of sail training Sailing schools have put great effort into improv- across the country, training instructors, developing ing the instructional process. Like the U.S. Power standards, and publishing instructional materials. US Squadrons and the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary, they are committed to improving safe boating with engaging training opportunities. Offshore Sailing School Programs pioneered by Steve and Doris Colgate offer a fast track for entry-level sailors to gain boat-handling and sail-trimming skills. Much of the US Sailing cur- riculum came from Steve and other master trainers. Graduates of entry-level programs can often continue to higher-level courses within the same school and progress from basic boat handling to cruising skills that prepare them for chartering in remote locations or heading off on their own boats. Small sailing schools across the country, such as Bay Breeze on Little Traverse Bay, Michigan, fine-tune their training with local conditions in mind. Every coastal or lake region has a unique set of weather patterns and challenges in the local waters—another reason why local training counts. J/World Annapolis owner Jahn Tihansky, also the head sailing coach at the U.S. Naval Academy, checks over the running rigging on a new Navy 44 MKII. He stresses to midshipmen and civilian students that whether you are cruising or racing, vessel preparation can make the difference between a good and bad day on the water. EVOLVING AS SKIPPER OR CREW 49 TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES, CONTINUED Colgate’s Offshore Sailing School, like many other sanctioned programs, uses textbooks jointly developed with US Sailing. The Colgates have sailing schools around the country. J/World Another sailing school, J/World, also offers great learn- ing opportunities, with a greater emphasis on boat speed and competitive tactics—what racing sailors call performance sailing. Participants at the Key West, An- napolis, and other J/World bases spend a week learning the tricks with which the pros cross the finish line ahead of the rest of the fleet. At Key West winter weather conditions provide good sailing breezes to help ensure that onboard action is fast paced and full of learning experiences. Having a professional sailor guide you as you practice spinnaker sets and takedowns can clean up bad habits and add the nuances that translate into extra seconds saved in a mark rounding. The Annapolis School of Seamanship The Annapolis School of Seamanship runs both Without question, some skills are better learned on recreational and Coast Guard–approved licensing courses deck than in the classroom, but the reverse is also at a variety of locations nationwide. A growing trend sometimes true. The Annapolis School of Seamanship among boaters is to seek specific information on topics provides one of the most effective shoreside training ranging from electronic navigation to diesel repair, and programs, and its founder/owner, John Martino, built these professional training programs are a good source for a reputation for teaching cruisers and commercial such learning. mariners exactly what they need to know. His naviga- tion programs merge theory with practical, hands-on piloting skills. Then he segues to the latest 3-D dig- school offers U.S. Coast Guard licensing training and ital electronic charting simulations and blends both special underway learning experiences. techniques. Simulator training is part of the classroom Hands-on Safety Seminars experience, as close to learning underway as a shore- The Hands-on Safety Training Opportunities sidebar side experience can be. His hands-on diesel lab and later in this chapter describes several training sessions systems training prepare cruisers for the problems that aimed specifically at emergency situations. always seem to crop up along the way. In addition to For more on organized learn-by-doing training op- these lessons for those cruising under sail or power, the portunities, see The Lure of the Rally in Chapter 1. more than the seaworthiness of the boat. In the 18 months shipwrecked in the unforgiving Antarctic safety triangle discussed in Chapter 1, seamanship is —living on an ice floe and enduring unimaginable the longest leg. hardships and deprivation. We can see Norgrove’s salty wisdom in many leg- The Caird’s 26-day voyage crossed 700 miles of endary stories. The heroic and legendary seamanship the roughest ocean in the world and remains a stan- of Frank Worsley is one of the best examples of all dard for measuring great seamanship skill (along time. Worsley, Sir Ernest Shackleton’s stoic sea cap- with an ample dose of good luck). It’s a case study tain and master mariner aboard ships as well as small for those interested in how far the human will and craft, brilliantly displayed his skills piloting the En- spirit can be stretched. Nearly shipwrecked before durance’s 22-foot lifeboat, the James Caird. Worsley making landfall at the cliffs on the southwest side of successfully maneuvered the lifeboat in an escape South Georgia, Shackleton, Worsley, and four ship- mission from the ice-choked waters of Elephant Is- mates were anything but home free after stumbling land in the Antarctic Convergence to the relative ashore. Their final challenge was to traverse an un- safety of South Georgia Island. Against the odds, this charted mountain range to reach help at the Strom- incredible voyage resulted in the eventual rescue of ness whaling station. Met initially by disbelief, their the Endurance’s crew. These men had spent more than arrival led to an all-hands effort to recover Shackle- 50 THE ART OF SEAMANSHIP Shackleton’s benevolent leadership skills and Worsley’s consummate seamanship held the crew to- gether throughout their ordeal. In his book, Shackle- ton’s Boat Journey, Worsley recalls conditions en route to South Georgia Island: “We rolled and plunged along in the dark.
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