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An Evaluation of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Kings Mountain National Military Park Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories

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An Evaluation of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Kings Mountain National Military Park Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center An Evaluation of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Kings Mountain National Military Park Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2009/165 ON THE COVER Clockwise beginning top left: American beaver (Castor Canadensis) in Kings Creek area, eastern painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) from KIMO, researchers conducting fish inventory at KIMO, and an eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis) captured on South Fire Road. An Evaluation of Biological Inventory Data Collected at Kings Mountain National Military Park Vertebrate and Vascular Plant Inventories Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2009/165 Bill Moore Ecologist/Data Manager Cumberland Piedmont Network National Park Service P.O. Box 8 Mammoth Cave, KY 42259 November 2009 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. This report is available from the Cumberland Piedmont Network Inventory and Monitoring website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/im/units/CUPN) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Moore, B. J. 2009. An evaluation of biological inventory data collected at Kings Mountain National Military Park: Vertebrate and vascular plant inventories. Natural Resource Report NPS/CUPN/NRR—2009/165. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 335/100651, November 2009 ii Contents Page Tables............................................................................................................................................. iv Abstract........................................................................................................................................... v Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 1 Results............................................................................................................................................. 2 Discussion....................................................................................................................................... 9 Future Inventory Efforts .......................................................................................................... 10 Monitoring ............................................................................................................................... 12 Management............................................................................................................................. 13 Summary....................................................................................................................................... 15 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 17 Appendix A. NPSpecies Data Dictionary..................................................................................... 19 Appendix B. Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO) Local List. ................................ 23 Appendix C. Kings Mountain National Military Park species-area comparisons with other Cumberland Piedmont Network parks. ...................................................................... 51 iii Tables Page Table 1. Count of organisms by Park Status categories on KIMO’s Local List............................. 3 Table 2. Count of documented organisms by Abundance categories on KIMO’s Local List ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Table 3. Count of Non-native organisms on KIMO’s Local List.................................................. 4 Table 4. Non-native plants, occurring on KIMO, with an Invasive Species Impact Rank (I-Rank) containing high ....................................................................................................... 5 Table 5. Organisms on KIMO’s local list which are state listed, federally listed, and/or possesses a state rank of S1 or S2........................................................................................ 6 Table 6. Number of organisms designated as Present in Park or Probably Present in Cumberland Piedmont Network Parks ..................................................................................... 10 Table 7. Summary of findings/recommendations assembled by CUPN staff for KIMO, based on staff knowledge and a review of recent inventory reports and other NPSpecies data. ................................................................................................................... 16 iv Abstract An important function of the National Park Service (NPS) is protecting and maintaining the biological diversity found within parks. In an effort to assist parks in documenting vascular plants and vertebrates, the NPS Inventory and Monitoring Program (I&M) provided funding and technical assistance through its 32 I&M Networks. Kings Mountain National Military Park (KIMO) is within the Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN). In cooperation with KIMO, CUPN compiled existing information on vertebrates and vascular plants (i.e., species lists with related attribute and spatial data) and initiated additional field investigations in an effort to document 90% of the species of vertebrates (amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles) and vascular plants believed to occur on KIMO. All data were entered and certified in NPSpecies, the NPS master database for documenting the occurrence and status of species. Based on the number of organisms categorized as Present in Park (i.e., documented) and Probably Present (high confidence of occurrence in park but undocumented), 85% of KIMO’s vertebrates and vascular plants are documented. While this is slightly lower than the I&M goal, it is apparent that substantial gains have been made in documenting vertebrates and vascular plants on KIMO. At the same time, it is anticipated that additional survey efforts will result in an increase in the number of organisms documented on KIMO. Some opportunities are noted within this report. Inventory results are also briefly discussed within the context of long-term monitoring and management. The Dwarf-flower heartleaf (Hexastylis naniflora) is the only organism on KIMO’s local list that is currently federally listed. However, its status on the park is Unconfirmed, meaning there are no known records of it’s occurrence within KIMO. The Georgia Aster (Symphyotrichum georgianum) is currently classified as a candidate for federal listing. KIMO has fewer non- native vascular plants (60) and high ranking invasives (8) than any other CUPN park. Still, aggressive non-natives are arguably the biggest single threat to the overall ecological health of the park. v Introduction As part of the National Park Service’s (NPS) effort to “improve park management through greater reliance on A natural resource inventory is scientific knowledge,” a primary role of the Inventory and an extensive point-in-time effort Monitoring (I&M) Program is to collect, organize, and to determine location or condition make available natural resource data and to contribute to the of a resource, including the presence, class, distribution, and Service’s institutional knowledge by facilitating the status of plants, animals, and transformation of data into information through analysis, abiotic components such as water, synthesis, and modeling. In pursuit of that endeavor, the soils, landforms, and climate. I&M Program’s Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN) Monitoring differs from recently completed multiple efforts to inventory the inventory in adding the vertebrate species and vascular plants at Kings Mountain dimension of time, and the National Military Park (KIMO). These efforts included general purpose of monitoring is cataloging all existing data, followed up
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