Study and Optimisation of Copper Bioleaching Process for Electronic Waste Valorisation

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Study and optimisation of copper bioleaching process for electronic waste valorisation Eva Benzal Montes ADVERTIMENT La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del repositori institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) i el repositori cooperatiu TDX ( h t t p : / / w w w . t d x . c a t / ) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei UPCommons o TDX. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a UPCommons (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del repositorio institucional UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) y el repositorio cooperativo TDR (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale- attribute=es) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio UPCommons No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a UPCommons (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the institutional repository UPCommons (http://upcommons.upc.edu/tesis) and the cooperative repository TDX (http://www.tdx.cat/?locale- attribute=en) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized neither its spreading nor availability from a site foreign to the UPCommons service. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the UPCommons service is not authorized (framing). These rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering Natural Resources and Environment Doctoral Program Doctoral thesis STUDY AND OPTIMISATION OF COPPER BIOLEACHING PROCESS FOR ELECTRONIC WASTE VALORISATION Eva Benzal Montes A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Supervised by: Dr. Xavier Gamisans Noguera Dr. Antonio D. Dorado Castaño Manresa, November 2020 , no hay camino, se hace Antonio Machado Agraïments / Acknowledgments Han passat gaire bé 5 anys des de que vaig iniciar el camí cap al doctorat. Tot i que no ha sigut un camí fàcil, estic molt contenta i orgullosa de poder arribar on he arribat. Cal dir, però, que si he arribat fins aquí és gràcies a moltes persones que han estat irecta han participat en En primer lloc, voldria agrair als meus directors, al Xavier i al Toni, per tot el que fiar en mi per portar a terme aquesta Encara que oficialment només he tingut dos directors, la meva sensació és que la tesi realment ha estat dirigida per dues persones més: la Conxita i la Montse. Moltes gràcies a les dues per tot el temps que heu dedicat a entendre els meus resultats, a ajudar-me en la redacció dels articles i a seguir tota la feina feta durant aquest temps. Em sento a de tots vosaltres durant els darrers anys. Voldria agrair també a la resta de membres del grup BIOGAP per les seves anat creuant durant la tesi per les bones estones que hem compartit junts. Al Xavi, gràcies per aixecar-me els ànims amb les teves bromes i abraçades quan tenia una dia una mica trist, per ajudar-me sempre que ho he necessitat i per cuidar-me com a una germaneta. escoltar-me i ajudar-me quan em sentia bloquejada, has queden curtes per agrair-te tot el que has fet i fas per mi. Gràcies per escoltar-me sempre, ajudar-me en tots els aspectes, per les estones tan divertides que hem compartit i per les no tan bones, per ser-hi sempre i per què encara hi ets tot i la distancia. gracias por ayudarme en el laboratorio, por quedarte conmigo a hacerme compañía cuando la jornada se alargaba mucho, por escucharme y darme consejos, pero sobretodo, gracias por tu alegría y por tu sonrisa y por tantos y tantos momentos de risas compartidas. Al Ramon, encara que no hem compartit gaires estones durant la tesi, gràcies per ajudar-me quan he necessitat fer experiments i per ajudar-me a divagar i buscar explicacions als resultats que no quadraven. També voldria agrair a tots aquells per ajudar-me a fer els experiments i els anàlisis, a interpretar resultats. Gràcies per la vostra dedicació i esforç. A tot el personal administratiu, en especial a la Llúcia, gràcies per la paciència i per respondre sempre als meus dubtes. Gràcies Xesca per totes les estones compartides, i per ajudar- gràcies a tots els companys de la UPC per tots aquests anys que hem compartit. Als de la UAB, e marxat una mica de la temàtica dels projectes comuns, gràcies per les vostres aportacions i per tots els moments de reunions, congressos i dinars compartits. Part of the research presented in this thesis has been developed in collaboration with the Environmental Microbiology research group from Technische University Bergakademie Freiberg in Germany. In particular, I would like to thank Prof. Schlöman for giving me the opportunity to make my stay in his group and for offering me the financing of the stay after the aid was denied in my country. Prof. Schlöemann, thank you for helping me before my arrival without hardly meeting us, for coming to pick me up at the station and take me to the airport, for all your dedication both at the university and outside of it, for opening the doors of your house and treating me always so good. I am very grateful to have met you. Fabian, thank you for all your dedication in the laboratory, for teaching me so many things and for always helping me. Gerardo, gracias por enseñarme la ciudad a mi llegada cuando no conocía a nadie, por ayudarme con las traducciones al alemán y por todos los ratos compartidos. Javier, gracias por las risas y por los ratos divertidos que pasamos juntos. Per últim, però no menys important, voldria agrair a la meva família tot el seu suport. Als meus pares i a la meva germana, gracias por confiar en mi cuando quise empezar a hacer el doctorado. Aún recuerdo la primera frase que me dijisteis cuando os dije que quería hacer el doctorado: , aunque no tardasteis ni un minuto en decirme que lo hiciera si es lo que yo quería. Gracias por dejarme ser quien soy y hacerme sentir orgullosa de mis logros. Al Jordi, gràcies infinites per tot. Has sigut un pilar fonamental en tot aquest període. Gràcies per la teva paciència i per esperar-me i donar- per animar-me a seguir quan volia tirar la tovallola. Si he arribat on he arribat és, en gran part, gràcies a tu. I l meu petitó, encara que no en siguis conscient, vas arribar -lo en un període més alegre i distret període. En resum, gràcies a tots els que heu format part de la meva vida durant aquests que jo arribi fins aquí. La veritat és que mai hagués imaginat arribar on he arribat i si ho he fet, és gràcies a tot el supo . This thesis has been carried out thanks to the financial support provided by: FPU doctoral grant (FPU14/03825) from Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (Spain). program from Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain). Monitorización, modelización y control para la optimización de biofiltros percoladores de desulfuración anóxicos y aerobios -37927- C03-02), financed by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). Research projects Optimization and validation of a bio-based prototype for valuable metals recovery from electronic wastes Universitaris i de Recerca (Spain) and the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund. Additionally, part of the work developed in this thesis has been done in collaboration with Environmental Microbiology research group (Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany) financed by a mobility grant from the Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg within project 30110017 DAAD Young GEOMATENUM International. CONTENTS ii Resumen CHAPTER 1. MOTIVATIONS AND THESIS OVERVIEW 1.1. 1.2. 4 CHAPTER 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1. MINERALS AND ELECTRONIC WASTES AS SOURCE OF VALUABLE METALS 9 2.1.1. Electronic waste in the world 2.1.2. Electronic waste composition 2.1.3. Copper and its importance in the world 2.1.4. Obtaining of metal-containing materials from their origin 2.2. PHYSICO-CHEMICAL RECOVERY OF COPPER FROM ORES AND E-WASTE 23 2.2.1. Pyrometallurgy 2.2.2. Hydrometallurgy 2.3. BIOLOGICAL RECOVERY OF METALS FROM ORES AND E- 31 2.3.1. Bioleaching mechanisms 2.3.2. Microorganisms involved in bioleaching processes 2.3.3.
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