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Wisconsin Magazine of History Horicon: The Marsh That Lives A^ain VIRGINIA A. PALMER Tfte Wisconsin Reform Party GRAHAM A. COSMAS Lincoln's Legal Sneaking ROBERT G. GUNDERSON Resurgent Classicism in Wisconsin Architecture RICHARD W. E. PERRIN Mrs. Ben Hooper of Oshkosh: Peace Worker and Politician JAMES HOWELL SMITH Published by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. XLVI, No. 2 / Winter, 1962-1963 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Director Officers WILLIAM B. HESSELTINE, President HERBERT V. KOHLER, Honorary Vice-President JOHN C. GEILFUSS, First Vice-President GEORGE HAMPEL, JR., Treasurer E. E. HoMSTAD, Second Vice-President LESLIE H. FISIIEL, JR., Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio GAYLORD NELSON, Governor of the State MRS. DENA A. SMITH, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMAN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University ANGUS B. ROTHWELL, Superintendent of Public Instruction MRS. W. NORMAN FITZGERALD, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires 1963 SCOTT M. CUTLIP EDWARD FROMM MRS. HOWARD T. GREENE JAMES RILEY Madison Hamburg Genesee Depot Eau Claire W. NORMAN FITZGERALD ROBERT A. GEHRKE DR. GUNNAR GUNDERSEN CLIFFORD SWANSON Milwaukee Ripon La Crosse Stevens Point MRS. ROBERT E. FRIEND JOHN C. GEILFUSS WILLIAM B. HESSELTINE Hartland Milwaukee Madison Term Expires 1964 THOMAS H. BARLAND JIM DAN HILL MRS. VINCENT W. KOCH FREDERIC L OLSON Eau Claire Superior Janesville Milwaukee M. J. DYRUD E. E. HOMSTAD MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES FREDERIC SAMMOND Prairie du Chien Black River Falls Madison Milwaukee GEORGE F. KASTEN CHARLES MANSON DR. WILLIAM STOVALL Milwaukee Madison Madison Term Expires 1965 GEORGE BANTA, JR. ROBERT B. L. MURPHY STANLEY STONE- CEDRIC A. VIG Menasha Madison Milwaukee Rhinelander GEORGE HAMPEL, JR. FOSTER B. PORTER MiLO K. SWANTON CLARK WILKINSON Milwaukee Bloomington Madison Baraboo PHILIP F. LA FOLLETTE WILLIAM F. STARK FREDERICK N. TROWBRIDGE ANTHONY WISE Madison Nashotah Green Bay Hayward Honorary Honorary Life Members WILLIAM ASHBY MCCLOY, Winnipeg PRESTON E. MCNALL, Madison MRS. LITTA BASCOM, Madison DOROTHY L. PARK, Madison MRS. LOUISE ROOT, Prairie du Chien Fellows Curators VERNON CARSTENSEN (1949) HjALMAR R. HOLAND, Ephraim MERLE CURTI (1949) SAMUEL PEDRICK, Ripon The Women's Auxiliary Officers MRS. W. NORMAN FITZGERALD, Milwaukee, President MRS. JOSEPH C. GAMROTH, Madison, Vice-President MRS. MILLARD TUFTS, Milwaukee, Secretary MRS. ALDEN M. JOHNSTON, Appleton, Treasurer MRS. CHESTER ENGELKING, Green Bay, Assistant Treasurer MRS. SILAS L. SPENGLER, Menasha, Ex-Officio VOLUME 46, NUMBER 2/WINTER, 1962-1963 Wisconsin Magazine of History WILLIAM CONVERSE HAYGOOD, Editor PAUL HASS, Editorial Assistant What's Happened to Wisconsin History? 82 Horicon: The Marsh That Lives Again 83 VIRGINIA A. PALMER The Democracy in Search of Issues: The Wisconsin Reform Party, 1873-1877 93 GRAHAM A. COSMAS "Stoutly Argufy": Lincoln's Legal Speaking 109 ROBERT G. GUNDERSON Resurgent Classicism: Wisconsin Architecture in the Wake of the Columbian Exposition 118 RICHARD W. E. PERRIN' Mrs. Ben Hooper of Oshkosh: Peace Worker and Politician 124 JAMES HOWELL SMITH 136 Readers' Choice 156 Accessions 160 Contributors Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published not assume responsibility for statements made by contribu quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 816 tors. Second-class postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin State Street, Madison 6, Wisconsin. Distributed to members Copyright 1963 by tile State Historical Society of Wisconsin as part of their dues (Annual membershif?, $5.00; Family Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial membership, $7.00; Contributing, $10; Business and Profes­ Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. Wisconsin news sional, $25; Life, $100; Sustainmg, $100 or more annually; papers may reprint any article appearing in the WISCON Patron, $1000 or more annually). Single numbers, $1.25. SIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY providing the story carries Microfilmed copies available through University Microfilms, the following credit line ; Reprinted from the State Histori­ 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Communica­ cal Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History for [insert the tions should be addressed to the editor. The Society does season and year which appear on the Magazine']. What's Happened To Wisconsin History? TJEOPLE ask this question. They phrase In these ways, Wisconsin history is not -*- it in different ways, one referring to a neglected. There are other examples: the school or college course, another asking for pages of this Magazine, now in its forty-sixth a book, or a third inquiring about sources. year; the Society's rich manuscript collec­ It is a good question; it points the finger tions of more than 4,000,000 pieces; its su­ at those responsible for making Wisconsin perb library of over 600,000 books and history known to the public. It points the pamphlets and 60,000 volumes and micro­ finger at the Society. film reels of newspapers; the more than one Well, Wisconsin history is still very much hundred talks given by Society staff mem­ around. There are almost 15,000 Junior His­ bers in 1962 and . well, had enough evi­ torians in the state, ages nine to fourteen, dence? who study Wisconsin history regularly, make But Mr. Gara mentioned gaps and multi- scrapbooks, write stories, do research, create volume histories. And gaps there are. One maps, build three-dimensional models; who, of the most significant involves the territo­ in a word, dig into Wisconsin history. rial period of our history. The National If we rephrase the question for adults, the Archives has had a program of publishing answer is the same. One example is a book well-edited selections of documents from the which the Society published recently, A territorial period of states. Moving chrono­ Short History of Wisconsin, by Larry Gara. logically, the program came up to 1836— This book has received mixed reviews, largely when Wisconsin was organized as a terri­ because it accomplishes what it sets out to do. tory—and stopped. The Society has proposed It is a book for high school students and the that the program be continued in a modified general reader. As Gara points out in his way and that the territorial papers of Wis­ preface, it is "not intended to be a comprehen­ consin be published in edited form and be sive history of Wisconsin, but rather a brief made available to all of us. We hope that survey of the highlights presented in com­ the National Archives committee now con­ pact and readable form." He goes on to sug­ sidering the problem will be persuaded to gest that we still have "gaps in our knowledge act favorably on the Society's proposal. of Wisconsin history" which need to be filled Authoritative multi-volume histories of Wis­ by research and by the publication of a consin do not exist, but the need for them multi-volume history of the state. does. The story of the development of this To cite another example, in February the state, its government, its people, the institu­ Society will offer through the University's tions which they created, its contribution to Extension Division an eight-hour, noncredit the development of the country—these things course in Wisconsin history. Next fall we should be told in relation to one another. hope to carry a comparable course to other We do not want a panegyric, only a reasoned cities and towns in the state, and through and balanced narrative which will tell the dis­ radio and TV programs we will be able to coverable truth. Illinois has such an ac­ reach those who prefer to sit at home and count; so have Ohio and New York. Why not absorb history. Wisconsin? It will take money, since scho­ William B. Hesseltine, the Society's scholar- lars, people that they are, must support their president, once remarked that since history families and pay their bills. But it will be usually happens in localities, all history is money well spent, an investment with a long- local history. For those who like their his­ term return in dividends more valuable than tory with a local flavor, the Society main­ dollars. tains five historic sites which are open in This, then, is what has happened to Wis­ season. There are many other fine historic consin history. It is all around you—on the sites and museums in the state, and we pub­ bookshelf, in the classroom, on radio and lish a list of them every spring. In addition, television, and on the highway. But it is the Society has been instrumental in recog­ not all there, and we need more of the story nizing with official state historical markers because, after all, it is our story. over one hundred sites where history hap­ pened and moved on. L. H. F., JR. 82 ^Jiita^L^; rli~y:- '*--f5 i.i Ti$it¥i£ i;.;.i.V.f' . • » ••«.*» u 4M«.S ."'•*.'/•/•. ..-SI,- M^ ^ ^ •H^jfifi'---^ issasi:*?^-. :.:.sa;iS«tc:.i22iij:Juik'."i:!s?iK«r^^ * • Ml' I I- limrrijl HORICON: THE MARSH THAT LIVES AGAIN By VIRGINIA A. PALMER fingers of the Wisconsin Ice Sheet tore an egg-shaped bowl out of the earth. As the ice melted, the bowl filled with water, creating UMMER afternoons on Horicon Marsh in a lake with an area of about seventy-five Dodge County find many a fisherman S square miles.' Little by little, erosion bit a lazily tending his pole along the banks of channel north and south through the lake, the main or on one of the lateral dikes— forming the bed of what we now call the the blue sky overhead, and the silence broken Rock River. As the channel became deeper, only by the cry of the black-crowned night the water drained off the lake, leaving the heron.
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