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Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island CMPA Technical Report Series No

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Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island CMPA Technical Report Series No 1 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island CMPA Technical Report Series No. 09 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island Authors Dr. Fraddry D’Souza, Asha Giriyan, Dr. Chetan Gaonkar Kavita Patil, Santosh Gad Published by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Indo-German Biodiversity Programme (IGBP), GIZ-India, A-2/18, Safdarjung Enclave, New Delhi - 110029, India E-Mail: [email protected] Web: www.giz.de July 2015 Responsible Dr. Konrad Uebelhör, Director, GIZ Cover Photo Thorsten Hiepko, GIZ Design and Layout Commons Collective, Bangalore [email protected] Disclaimer The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India, nor the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) or the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. The designation of geographical entities and presentation of material in this document do not imply the expression or opinion whatsoever on the part of MoEFCC, BMUB, or GIZ concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Reference herein to any specific organization, consulting firm, service provider or process followed does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by MoEFCC, BMUB or GIZ. Citation Dr. D’Souza Fraddry, A. Giriyan, Dr. C. Gaonkar, K. Patil and S. Gad. 2015. Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and the Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island. CMPA Technical Series No. 09. Indo-German Biodiversity Programme, GIZ- India. New Delhi. Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island Dr. Fraddry D’Souza, Asha Giriyan, Dr. Chetan Gaonkar Kavita Patil, Santosh Gad (The Energy Resources Institute -TERI) July 2015 CMPA Technical Report Series 09 Indo-German Biodiversity Programme Conservation and Sustainable Management of Coastal and Marine Protected Areas Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island P a g e s P Chapters LIST OF ACRONYMS vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xi INTRODUCTION 01 Background of the Study ......................................................................................................... 01 1 About the Study ...................................................................................................................... 02 METHODOLOGY 04 iii Study area ............................................................................................................................... 04 2 Chorao Island ........................................................................................................................... 04 Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary ...................................................................................................... 04 Mankule Island ........................................................................................................................ 05 Sampling methodology ............................................................................................................ 06 Mangrove vegetation sampling ............................................................................................... 06 Benthic macrofauna sampling ................................................................................................. 08 Environmental sampling .......................................................................................................... 09 Habitat mapping and aerial photography ................................................................................ 11 Data analysis ............................................................................................................................ 11 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 13 Habitat distribution and human impacts ................................................................................. 13 3 Habitat mapping ...................................................................................................................... 13 Assessment of mangrove forest structure ............................................................................... 15 Human impact ......................................................................................................................... 18 Forest condition ....................................................................................................................... 20 Population and community structure and composition .......................................................... 20 Species composition and diversity of mangroves .................................................................... 20 EcologicalEcological StatusStatus AssessmentAssessment ofof Dr.Dr. SalimSalim AliAli BirdBird SanctuarySanctuary andand EstuarineEstuarine AreasAreas ofof ChoraoChorao IslandIsland Species composition and diversity of macrofauna ................................................................... 25 Environmental Indicators (Water and Sediment quality) ......................................................... 30 Water Quality ........................................................................................................................... 30 Sediment Characteristics of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................................................ 33 Relationship between benthic fauna and environmental factors ............................................ 38 BIBLIOGRAPHY 39 LIST OF ANNEXURES 41 Annexure I Pore water salinity of the sediment in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island .............. 42 Annexure II Sediment composition of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island .................................. 44 Annexure III Heavy metal concentration of the sediment in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................................................................................ 46 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Sampling station with the GPS coordinates ................................................... 07 Table 2 Different habitat types of Chorao Island ........................................................ 13 Table 3 Habitats details of S.A.B.S and its adjacent areas .......................................... 17 Table 4 Mangrove habitat structure characteristics and distribution ......................... 18 Table 5 Mangrove species distribution in the S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ............... 21 Table 6 Mangrove species composition in the S.A.B.S and Mankule Island ............... 23 Table 7 Diversity indices of the flora at the study area .............................................. 26 Table 8 Mean biodiversity indices of flora at the S.A.B.S and Mankule Island ........... 27 Table 9 Macrofaunal groups recorded at the study area ............................................ 28 Table 10 Diversity indices of fauna at the study area ................................................... 31 Table 11 Mean diversity indices of fauna at the study area ......................................... 33 Table 12 Spatial variation in physico-chemical parameters in water ............................ 34 Table 13 Sediment Characteristics of the Mangrove Habitat of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ........................................................................... 36 Ecological Status Assessment of Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary and Estuarine Areas of Chorao Island LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Map of Chorao Island showing S.A.B.S. & Mankule Island ............................. 05 Figure 2 Aerial photograph of S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island ......................................... 06 Figure 3 Sampling Design for Determining Community Composition in Different Intertidal Zone ................................................................................................ 07 Figure 4 Geo-tagging of the Mangrove Species along with Measuring of the Tree Girth ................................................................................................. 08 Figure 5 Sampling of Epibenthic and infauna in the mangroves of S.A.B.S .................. 09 Figure 6 Map of S.A.B.S showing the stations of water sampling ................................ 10 Figure 7 DJI Phantom Vision 2 drone used for aerial photography of mangrove ......... 11 Figure 8 Map showing different habitat types of the Chorao Island ............................ 14 Figure 9 Contour map of the Chorao Island ................................................................. 15 Figure 10 Maps showing creeks and different habitats of S.A.B.S. and its adjacent areas ............................................................................................................... 16 Figure 11 Habitat areas of newly formed Mankule Island ............................................. 17 Figure 12 Average tree height at different transects in both S.A.B.S and Mankule Island 19 Figure 13 Spatial variation in the understorey coverage in S.A.B.S. and Mankule Island 19 Figure 14 Geo-tagged identified mangrove species at each location in S.A.B.S. and v Mankule Island................................................................................................ 22 Figure 15 Total abundance of flora in
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