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Province De Liège. Série Forts (1887-1927) / Anne Jacquemin

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Province De Liège. Série Forts (1887-1927) / Anne Jacquemin BE-A0523_708878_711442_FRE Inventaire des archives de la Province de Liège. Série Forts (1887-1927) / Anne Jacquemin Het Rijksarchief in België Archives de l'État en Belgique Das Staatsarchiv in Belgien State Archives in Belgium This finding aid is written in French. 2 Province de Liège. Série Forts DESCRIPTION DU FONDS D'ARCHIVES:............................................................................3 Consultation et utilisation..............................................................................................4 Conditions d'accès............................................................................................................4 Conditions de reproduction...............................................................................................4 Langues et écriture des documents.................................................................................4 Recommandations pour l'utilisation................................................................................4 Histoire du producteur et des archives..........................................................................5 Producteur d'archives.......................................................................................................5 Nom...............................................................................................................................5 Histoire institutionelle..................................................................................................5 Compétences et activités.............................................................................................6 Organisation..................................................................................................................8 Archives.............................................................................................................................8 Historique......................................................................................................................8 Acquisition.....................................................................................................................9 Contenu et structure....................................................................................................10 Contenu...........................................................................................................................10 Sélections et éliminations..............................................................................................10 Accroissements / compléments.....................................................................................10 Mode de classement.......................................................................................................10 DESCRIPTION DES SÉRIES ET DES ÉLÉMENTS..................................................................11 I. Généralités........................................................................................................................11 II. Acquisitions d'emprises pour la construction des forts et des routes militaires.........12 A. Fort de Barchon.....................................................................................................................12 B. Fort de Boncelles..................................................................................................................12 C. Fort de Chaudfontaine...........................................................................................................12 D. Fort d'Embourg.....................................................................................................................12 E. Fort d'Évegnée.......................................................................................................................12 F. Fort de Flémalle....................................................................................................................12 G. Fort de Fléron........................................................................................................................13 H. Fort de Hollogne-aux-Pierres...............................................................................................13 I. Fort de Lantin.........................................................................................................................13 J. Fort de Liers..........................................................................................................................13 K. Fort de Loncin.......................................................................................................................14 L. Fort de Pontisse....................................................................................................................14 M. Route d'approvisionnement des forts de la Meuse..............................................................14 III. Dédommagements aux propriétaires et aux communes.............................................15 Province de Liège. Série Forts 3 Description du fonds d'archives: Description du fonds d'archives: Nom du bloc d'archives: Province de Liège. Série Forts Période: 1887 - 1927 Numéro du bloc d'archives: BE-A0523.4587 Etendue: 22.6 Dépôt d'archives: Archives de l'Etat à Liège 4 Province de Liège. Série Forts Consultation et utilisation Consultation et utilisation Conditions d'accès CONDITIONS D'ACCÈS Cette série est librement consultable en vertu de l'article 3 de la loi du 24 juin 1955 sur les archives, dans les conditions établies par le règlement en vigueur dans les salles de lecture des Archives générales du Royaume et des Archives de l'État dans les provinces. Conditions de reproduction CONDITIONS DE REPRODUCTION Pour la reproduction des documents d'archives, les règles et les tarifs en vigueur aux Archives de l'État sont d'application. Seuls les documents en bon état peuvent être reproduits. Langues et écriture des documents LANGUES ET ÉCRITURE DES DOCUMENTS Les documents sont rédigés en français. Recommandations pour l'utilisation RECOMMANDATIONS POUR L'UTILISATION Les documents généraux consacrés aux emprises et aux dédommagements fournissent des renseignements sur la gestion administrative des actes de vente, les relations et la collaboration entre le gouverneur de la province de Liège et les services de l'armée, l'évolution et les techniques des travaux, les réactions et commentaires des communes, les conséquences des expropriations sur les budgets communaux. Les historiens locaux peuvent accéder à des indications détaillées à propos des zones hébergeant ou entourant les forts. De même les généalogistes dont un ancêtre, suite à la construction des forts, a dû vendre une parcelle ou subir des servitudes, recueilleront des informations dans les actes de vente et les documents annexés, dont des plans. Province de Liège. Série Forts 5 Histoire du producteur et des archives Histoire du producteur et des archives Producteur d'archives PRODUCTEUR D'ARCHIVES Nom NOM Administration provinciale de Liège. 2e division. Histoire institutionelle HISTOIRE INSTITUTIONELLE Après la guerre de 1870-1871, la France et l'Allemagne érigent sur leurs frontières d'importants réseaux de fortifications et augmentent considérablement l'effectif de leurs soldats. Cette importante extension du front obligerait l'un des pays, en cas de nouvelle invasion, à traverser les territoires voisins, notamment la Belgique, où la vallée de la Meuse constitue le passage le plus logique entre Paris et Berlin 1. Dans notre pays, le risque d'invasion encouru en 1870 et l'organisation de la mobilisation mettent en lumière de graves lacunes organisationnelles et humaines. Suite à ces révélations, une commission se réunit et adopte finalement la proposition d'Alexis Brialmont 2: la mise en défense de la ligne de la Meuse. Ce général, alerté par le développement de l'armée allemande après le traité de paix de Francfort, préconise, dès 1882, l'érection de têtes de pont permanentes le long du fleuve mosan. Sa proposition, d'abord rejetée, reçoit l'approbation du roi Léopold II, après que les relations entre la France et l'Allemagne se soient aggravées vers 1885. Le roi et le Ministre de la Guerre invitent Brialmont, alors inspecteur général des fortifications et du corps du Génie, à rendre des propositions fermes sur la construction des forts de la Meuse. Le général transmet au ministre un projet et des plans en janvier et février 1887 3. Le 27 juin 1887, le gouvernement belge ouvre un crédit extraordinaire de 8 millions de francs pour la construction de plusieurs places fortes à Liège (face à l'Allemagne) et à Namur (face à la France), à environ 8 kilomètres du centre des agglomérations, pour les placer à l'abri des bombardements ennemis et pour protéger les grandes voies de communication. Deux jours plus tard, un arrêté royal approuve les acquisitions et les expropriations. Un supplément de 12 millions de francs pour les ouvrages de la Meuse et de 800000 francs pour les routes militaires sera accordé un an plus tard 4. 1 D. BASTIN, Les forts de Pontisse et de Liers : frères d'armes herstaliens, Bruxelles, 2007, p. 14-15; P. PAULUS, Régiment de forteresse de Liège. Histoire du fort. Commune de Fléron, s.l.n.d., p. 5. 2 Alexis Brialmont, lieutenant général, ingénieur, écrivain et député libéral (1821-1903); L. LECONTE, "Brialmont Henri Alexis", dans Biographie nationale, t. XXX, 1959, p. 212-229. 3 L. LECONTE, "Brialmont Henri Alexis...; E. COENEN et F. VERNIER, Les forts de la Meuse modernisés, s.l., 2005 (La Belgique sous les armes. Spécial 2. La position fortifiée de Liège,
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