Map 12 Mogontiacum-Reginum-Lauriacum Compiled by H. Bender, 1996 with the assistance of G. Moosbauer and M. Puhane Introduction A number of large river-systems–most notably the Rhine (ancient Rhenus) on the western edge of the map, and the Elbe (Albis) and Oder (Ouiadoua?) in the north-east–determine the landscape of the region covered by the map. Its whole southern part is dominated by the Danube (Danuvius). Even though it may be possible to reconstruct the ancient courses of these great rivers at certain points, for the most part the necessary evidence is lacking, and so no such attempt is made here. Another vital geographical feature is the Central German Highlands (Mittelgebirge), which lead from the relatively broad Bavarian foothills of the Alps (Map 19) to the low plains of the north. The latter stand out at the top of the map. The Highlands rise to 5,000 ft in the Black Forest (Abnob(ai)a Ore), for example, and in the Bohemian Forest (Gabreta? Hyle). Despite the possibility of extreme differences in seasonal temperature, the climate can be characterized as well balanced. In general, it is continental middle European, ranging from the warmer west (in the Upper Rhine area) to the colder regions in the east (such as southern Poland). There are fertile regions with good soils in the Upper Rhine valley in the west, in the Danube region in the Bavarian foothills, to the north of Frankfurt (Nida), at the northern foot of the Central Highlands, and in Bohemia (Boihaemum). The ancient geographical evidence is extremely scanty. The main river-names are known with more or less certainty, as well as the names of the most important ranges of the Central Highlands. ItAnt and TabPeut preserve the names of places along main routes, even if not always quite accurately. Many names supplied by Ptolemy, referring primarily to places and peoples along the trade routes beyond the Roman empire in “Barbaricum,” cannot be identified with any real certainty; for these, see further TIR Castra Regina. The area covered by the map includes territory within modern Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. Altogether, it is relatively well explored as a result of recent research, much of it incorporated in the valuable series of handbooks Die Römer in... TIR Castra Regina is likewise useful, and can now be supplemented by important later finds of cemeteries, settlements and military camps. The present map reconstructs the course of the Roman frontier-line (limes) in Upper Germany and Raetia on the basis of the detailed maps in relevant guidebooks (Beck 1980; Ulbert 1983; Schallmayer 1984; Klee 1989; Baatz 1993). The map’s main emphasis is clearly on military settlements, for two reasons. First, almost all the forts in the vicinity of the limes are known; the same cannot be said of civilian settlements. Second, the mass of rural settlements (villae rusticae and smaller establishments) cannot be shown here; consequently, the wide variations in our knowledge of civilian settlement across the map are masked. Concentrations of villae rusticae are at least known, for example, in the area beyond Mogontiacum and Nida, along the R. Neckar (Nicer), in the northern Ries (Losodica-Biriciana-Mediana), and in the neighborhood of Reginum. Where features fulfilled more than one primary role over time, the symbol by which they are marked represents that of the late second century A.D. Consequently, former forts–as in the region of the Swabian Alps (Alba Mons)–appear as civilian settlements. By the same token, many civilian settlements of the Early Empire became forts in the Late Empire. Beyond the Roman empire, only the most significant settlements and cemeteries are marked (including those which give their name to a culture-type). Care has been taken to include sites revealing notable evidence of Greek and Roman imports. The specially full representation of sites in Boihaemum stems in part from a high level of research activity there. The Via Claudia Augusta is the only named road known in the area of the map. It runs from the Po valley over the Alps, into the Alpine foothills in Bavaria, and on to the Danube. Aerial photography has allowed the route to be traced. It has assisted likewise in the case of many other main and secondary roads, whose approximate route we 170 MAP 12 MOGONTIACUM-REGINUM-LAURIACUM know, but have difficulty establishing on the ground. Recent findings in dendrochronology have also assisted these efforts substantially. Some Roman roads which appear to end at the limes undoubtedly extended further into “Barbaricum,” but since such extensions were not built up and paved, they can scarcely be documented archaeologically. Directory All place names are in Germany unless otherwise noted Abbreviations Archeologicky Atlas 1979 Archeologicky Atlas Evropy a Ceskoslovenska, Prague, 1979 BVbl Beiheft Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter, Kommission für bayerische Landesgeschichte, Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Beiheft 1-, 1987- Osterburken 1994 Der römische Weihebezirk von Osterburken II. Kolloquium 1990 und paläobotanische - osteologische Untersuchungen, Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg 49, Stuttgart, 1994 Römer Baden-Württemberg P. Filtzinger, D. Planck and B. Cämmerer (eds.), Die Römer in Baden-Württemberg,3rd ed., Stuttgart and Aalen, 1986 Römer Bayern W. Czysz et al. (eds.), Die Römer in Bayern, Stuttgart and Aalen, 1995 Römer Hessen D. Baatz and F.-R. Herrmann (eds.), Die Römer in Hessen,2nd ed., Stuttgart and Aalen, 1989 Römer Rheinland-Pfalz H. Cüppers (ed.), Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz, Stuttgart and Aalen, 1990 TIR CastReg Tabula Imperii Romani M 33, Castra Regina–Vindobona–Carnuntum, Prague, 1986 TIR Mogontiacum Tabula Imperii Romani M 32, Mogontiacum, Frankfurt, 1940 TIR Tergeste Tabula Imperii Romani L 33, Tergeste, Rome, 1961 Names Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference D4 Aalen R Beck 1980, 117-21 B4 Abnob(ai)a Ore See Map 11 E4 Abusina RL Eining Braun 1992, 52-54; NPauly D3 Acholshausen R Pescheck 1978, 186-87 H4 Ad Iuvense? RL Wallsee AUS Genser 1986, 184-98 C4 Ad Lunam RL Urspring Christlein 1978, 172; Heiligmann 1990, 88-101; NPauly H4 Ad Mauros RL Eferding? AUS Genser 1986, 81-93 D4 Ad Novas See Map 19 I4 Ad Ponte(m) Ises RL on road between Ar(e)lape TIR CastReg 68 (Pons Isis) and Lauriacum AUS Aelia Augusta = Augusta Vindelicum F4 Aenus fl. Inn AUS / GER RE; Reinecke 1925, 24; NPauly B4 Agri Decumates R NPauly D4 Aislingen R Römer Bayern 415-16 B4 Alamanni RL RGermAlt 1, 138-62; NPauly C4 Alba M. Schwäbische Alb RE Suppl. 10 Alba 2; RGermAlt 1, 129-130 H4 Albing R AUS Genser 1986, 165-79 F1 Albis fl. See Map 10 D3 *Alcmona fl. Altmühl Reinecke 1925, 20; RGermAlt 1, 171 B3 *Alisina fl. R Elsenz RE Nicer, col. 178 D3 Alitzheim R Pescheck 1978, 188 B3 Alta Ripa See Map 11 E3 Altendorf R Pescheck 1978, 188-89 B2 Altenstadt R Klee 1989, 109-110 B3 *Altiaia See Map 11 B3 Altlussheim See Map 11 MAP 12 MOGONTIACUM-REGINUM-LAURIACUM 171 Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference E4 *Ambra fl. Amper RE Amber; Reinecke 1925, 20 E4 Ambrae RL Schöngeising Overbeck 1986 B2 Amöneburg H Schaaff 1975, 322, 325 (no. 114) H4 Anisus fl. R?L Enns RE B1 Anreppen See Map 11 B4 Aquae See Map 11 B2 Aquae Mattiacorum See Map 11 D4 Aquileia RL Heidenheim Christlein 1978, 149; Heiligmann 1990, 102-21; NPauly 2 I4 Ar(e)lapa fl. Erlauf AUS TIR Tergeste 25 I4 Ar(e)lape RL Pöchlarn AUS Genser 1986, 232-50 B4 Arae Flaviae R Rottweil Römer Baden-Württemberg 521-34; NPauly 1 A4 Argentorate FRA See Map 11 C4 *Armisa fl. R Erms RE Armisses B2 Arnsburg R Klee 1989, 103-104 A2 Arzbach See Map 11 I4 Asturis? RL Zwentendorf AUS Genser 1986, 337-55 D2 Aubstadt R Völling 1995 A4 Auenheim See Map 11 D4 Augusta Vindelicum/ RL/ Augsburg Römer Bayern 419-25; NPauly 7 Aelia Augusta R I4 Augustiana RL Traismauer AUS Genser 1986, 304-27 F3 Bac fl. L Naab Reinecke 1925, 29 F4 Bad Abbach RL Römer Bayern 425-26 B3 Bad Dürkheim See Map 11 E4 Bad Gögging RL Römer Bayern 426-27 D2 Bad Königshofen R BVbl Beiheft 3, 1990, 88 B2 Bad Nauheim R Römer Hessen 238-40 D3 Baldersheim R Pescheck 1978, 190-220; Rosenstock 1986; BVbl Beiheft 5 (1992) 105; NPauly G4 Batavi RL Passau / Altstadt Bender 1991 H1 Bautzen R Seidau TIR CastReg 129 A1 Beckinghausen See Map 11 A2 Bendorf See Map 11 C4 Benningen R Römer Baden-Württemberg 239-42 E3 Berching HRL Pollanten Weinlich 1998, 209 D3 Bergtheim R Pescheck 1978, 222 D3 Biebelried R Westheim BVbl Beiheft 6 (1993) 122 E1 Bilzingsleben L Becker 1996, 71-74 A3 Bingium See Map 11 D3 Biriciana RL Weissenburg Braun 1992, 46-48; NPauly C4 Böbingen R Beck 1980, 111-13 A2 Bodobrica See Map 11 E4 Böhming R Braun 1992, 49-50 G2 Boihaemum R TIR CastReg 27 H2 Boii R CZE / GER RE 1; RGermAlt 3, 205-208; NPauly G4 Boiodurum/ R/ Passau / Innstadt Bender 1991 Boiotro L B3 Borbetomagus See Map 11 F1 Bornitz R Herrmann 1989, 160 E4 Bratananium RL Gauting Römer Bayern 447-448 G4 Braunau RL AUS TIR CastReg 29 B5 *Brigobannis See Map 19 A4 Brisigavi See Map 11 B1 Bructeri See Map 10 D4 Buch R Beck 1980, 123-31 B2 Bucinobantes See Map 11 B3 Buconica See Map 11 C3 Burgundiones L RGermAlt 4, 235-71; NPauly C4 Burladingen R Heiligmann 1990, 51-70 D4 Burlafingen R Mackensen 1987, 81-128 172 MAP 12 MOGONTIACUM-REGINUM-LAURIACUM Grid Name Period Modern Name / Location Reference B2 Butzbach See Map 11 D4 Caelius Mons L Kellmünz Mackensen 1995; NPauly 2 B1 Caesia? Silva See Map 11 C4 Calverbühl L Knaut 1988, 327 (no.