THE GEORGE WASHINGTON LAW REVIEW

VOLUME 82 NUMBER 4 AUGUST 2014

ARTICLES Digital Market Manipulation 995 Ryan Calo

The Commerce Power and 1052 Dan T. Coenen Congressional Mandates

Customary International Law and 1118 Bart M.J. Szewczyk Statutory Interpretation: An Empirical Analysis of Federal Court Decisions

NOTES

A Delayed Blitz on the NFL's Blackout 1194 James Gross Policy: A New Approach to Eliminating Blackouts in Publicly Funded NFL Stadiums

Proposing a Self-Help Privilege for 1229 Shane Huang Victims of Cyber Attacks

The Transformation of Blight: Fixing the 1267 Carolyn Miller CERCLA Lessee Problem to Develop Renewable Energy

Applying Lessons from the Golden Age of 1304 Gregory Morrison Piracy: How to Use Specialized U.S. Tribunals to Prosecute Pirates in the Modern Era

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Strand, B.A., J.D., ProfessorEmeritus in Residence of Clinical Law David Benson Weaver, B.A., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Glen Earl Weston, B.S., J.D., Oppenheim ProfessorEmeritus of Antitrust and Trade Regulation Law Luize Elizabeth Zubrow, B.A., J.D., Professor Emeritus of Law Full-Time and Visiting Faculty and Administrators. Michael B. Abramowicz, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Martin J. Adelman, B.A., M.S., J.D., Theodore and James Pedas Family Professor of Intellectual Property and Technology Law; Co-Directorof the Intellectual Property Law Program; Co-Directorof the Dean Dinwoodey Center for Intellectual Property Studies Jill Baisinger, B.A., M.A., J.D., Visiting Professorof Legal Research and Writing John F. Banzhaf III, B.S.E.E., J.D., Professorof Law Alberto M. Benitez, B.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Paul Schiff Berman, A.B., J.D., Manatt/Ahn Professor of InternationalLaw; Vice Provostfor Online Education and Academic Innovation Francesca Bignami, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., Professor of Law Christopher Alan Bracey, B.S., J.D., Professor of Law; Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs; Director, General LL.M. Program Donald Braman, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Robert Brauneis, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Co-Directorof the Intellectual Property Law Program; Co-Directorof the Dean Dinwoodey Center for Intellectual Property Studies; Member, Managing Board, Munich Intellectual Property Law Center Eleanor Brown, B.S., M.Phil., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Karen B. Brown, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Donald Phillip Rothschild Research Professor of Law Neil Buchanan, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law Thomas Buergenthal, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., Lobingier Professor of Comparative Law and Jurisprudence Jay Butler, B.A., B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law Naomi R. Cahn, A.B., J.D., LL.M., Harold H. Greene Professor of Law Arturo Carrillo, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Clinical Law W. Burlette Carter, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Steve Charnovitz, B.A., J.D., M.P.P., Associate Professor of Law Mary M. Cheb, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law; Elyce Zenoff Research Professorof Law Bradford R. Clark, B.A., J.D., William Cranch Research Professor of Law Jessica L. Clark, B.A., M.S., J.D., Associate Professor of Legal Research and Writing; Associate Director, Legal Research and Writing Program and Co-Director,Scholarly Writing Program Donald C. Clarke, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., David Weaver Research Professor of Law Thomas B. Colby, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Robert James Cottrol, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law, of History, and of Sociology; Harold Paul Green Research Professor of Law Charles B. Craver, B.S., M.I.L.R., J.D., Freda H. Alverson Professor of Law Lawrence A. Cunningham, B.A., J.D., Henry St. George Tucker, III Research Professorof Law; Director, C-LEAF in New York John Diamond, B.A., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law Christy Hallam DeSanctis, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Legal Research and Writing; Director, Legal Research and Writing Program Rende Y. DeVigne, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Student Academic Development Laura A. Dickinson, A.B., J.D., Oswald Symister Colclough Research Professor of Law Mira Edmonds, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Lisa M. Fairfax, B.A., J.D., Leroy Sorenson Merrifeld Research Professor of Law; Director of Conference Programs, C-LEAF Roger Fairfax, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Law David Fontana, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Jack Harlan Friedenthal, B.A., J.D., Howrey Professor of Trial Advocacy, Litigation, and Professional Responsibility Theresa A. Gabaldon, B.S., J.D., Lyle T. Alverson Professor of Law; Co-director, Business and Finance Law Program;Director of Academic Programsand Administration, C-LEAF Miriam Galston, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Iselin Magdelene Gambert, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Legal Research and Writing Kristelia A. Garcfa, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Frank H. Marks Administrative Fellow in the Intellectual Property Law Program Robert Glicksman, B.A., M.A., J.D., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professorof Environmental Law Phyllis Goldfarb, B.A., Ed.M., J.D., LL.M., Jacob Burns Foundation Professor of Clinical Law; Associate Dean for ClinicalAffairs Daniel I. Gordon, B.A., M. Phil., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Government Procurement Law Studies; Director, Government Procurement Law Program Jeffrey S. Gutman, B.A., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Alice S. Hamiltyon Evert, B.A. J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Suzanne H. Jackson, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Law; Director of Health Rights Law Clinic David M. Johnson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Assistant Dean for Public Interest and Public Service Law Susan Roberta Jones, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Clinical Law Robin L. Juni, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Assistant Dean of Students Susan Karamanian, B.S., B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Internationaland Comparative Legal Studies; Director,International and Comparative Law Program Orin S. Kerr, B.S.E., M.S., J.D., Fred C. Stevenson Research Professor of Law Scott Kieff, B.S., J.D., Fred C. Stevenson Research Professor of Law; Co-director, Business and Finance Law Program; Director of Planningand Publications, C-LEAF Laird Kirkpatrick, B.A., J.D., Louis Harkey Mayo Research Professor of Law Laurie S. Kohn, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professorof Clinical Law William E. Kovacic, B.A., J.D., Global Competition Professor of Law and Policy; Director, Competition Law Center Cynthia Lee, B.A., J.D., Charles Kennedy Poe Research Professor of Law Iris M. Lee, A.B., M.L.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law, Head of Collection Services Rende Lettow Lerner, B.A., M.Litt., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Gregory Eaton Maggs, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law; Co-Director,National Security and U.S. Foreign Relations Law Program;Interim Dean of the Law School Jeffrey Manns, B.A., D.Phil., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Maeva Marcus, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Research Professorof Law; Directorof the Institute for Constitutional History Michael J. Matheson, A.B., L.L.B., Visiting Research Professorof Law Joan S. Meier, A.B., J.D., Professor of Clinical Law Peter H. Meyers, B.A., J.D., Professorof Clinical Law Dalia Tsuk Mitchell, LL.B., M. Phil., LL.M., S.J.D., Professor of Law and of History Hank R. Molinengo, B.A., J.D., L.L.M., Associate Dean for Administrative Affairs Monica E. Monroe, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Associate Dean of Students Thomas D. Morgan, B.A., J.D., Dean's Circle Distinguished Research Professor of Law Alan B. 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Alverson Professor of Law Claire Prono, B.S., J.D., Visiting Associate Prfoessor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Peter Raven-Hansen, B.A., J.D., Glen Earl Weston Research Professorof Law; Co-Director, National Security and U.S. Foreign Relations Law Program Alfreda Robinson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law; Associate Dean for Trial Advocacy; Co-Directorof the Litigation and Dispute Resolution Program Kenneth J. Rodriguez, B.A., M.A., M.S.L.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Reference/ Intellectual Property Law Librarian Jeffrey Rosen, B.A., B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Sarah Rosenbaum, B.A., J.D., Hirsch Professor of Health Law and Policy; Professor of Law (courtesy appointment) Catherine J. Ross, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professor of Law Stephen Allan Saltzburg, B.A., J.D., Wallace and Beverley Woodbury University Professor of Law; Co-Directorof the Litigation and Dispute Resolution Program Joan E. 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Elwood and Eleanor Davis Research Professor of Law Peter J. Smith, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development Daniel J. Solove, B.A., J.D., John Marshall Harlan Research Professor of Law John A. Spanogle, Jr., B.S.E., J.D., William Wallace Kirkpatrick Research Professor of Law Jessica K. Steinberg, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Clinical Law Ralph Gustav Steinhardt, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and InternationalAffairs; Arthur Selwyn Miller Research Professor of Law Joseph G. Straus, LL.B., Dr. jur., Marshall Coyne Visiting Scholar of InternationalLaw Sonia Mateu Suter, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professor of Law Edward Terrell Swaine, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Karen DaPonte Thornton, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Legal Research and Writing; Coordinatorof the Scholarly Writing Program Joseph A. Thorp, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Clinical Law and Friedman Fellow Jessica Tillipman, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Assistant Dean for Field Placement Roger Hans Trangsrud, B.A., J.D., James F Humphreys Professor of Complex Litigation and Civil Procedure Jonathan Turley, B.A., J.D., J.B. and Maurice C. Shapiro Professorof Public Interest Law Robert W. Tuttle, B.A., M.A., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law; David R. and Sherry Kirschner Berz Research Professor of Law and Religion Jessica A. Wentz, B.A., J.D., Visiting Associate Professor of Law and Environmental Program Fellow John M. Whealan, B.S., M.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Intellectual Property Advisory Board Associate Dean for Intellectual Property Law Studies; Director,Intellectual Property Law Program Arthur Edward Wilmarth, Jr., B.A., J.D., Professor of Law; Executive Director, C-LEAF Christopher R. Yukins, B.A., J.D., Lynn David Research Professor of Government Contracts Law; Co-director, Government Procurement Law Program Part-Time Faculty Ernest B. Abbott, B.A., J.D., M.P.P., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles F. Abernathy, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ava J. Abramowitz, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David G. Adams, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law S. Craig Alexander, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stanimir A. Alexandrov, J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Fathalla AI-Meswari, LL.B., M.C.J., LL.M., S.J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Geoffrey M. Alprin, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John D. Altenburg, B.A., J.D., M.M.A.S., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eric Angel, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Roy L. Austin, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jeffrey Axelrad, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Marshall B. Babson, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Donald I. Baker, B.A., B.A., M.A., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jack S. Barufka, B.S., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael St. Patrick Baxter, LL.B., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Ronna Lee Beck, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James P. Benoit, B.S., M.B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joseph M. Berl, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David H. Bernstein, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Wayne Blackmon, B.S., M.D., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Steven N. Blivess, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Noah Bookbinder, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ezio E. Borchini, B.S., M.S., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ronald J. Borro, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David N. Bowen, B.S., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Samuel B. Boxerman, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Henk Brands, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John DeQ. Briggs, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Rebecca K. Brink, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Patricia A. Broderick, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Cynthia M. Brown, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Larry Warren Brown, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Leslie S. Brown, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David E. Brunori, B.A., M.A., J.D., Research Professor of Public Policy; ProfessorialLecturer in Law Scott A. Bryant, J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John A. Buchman, B.S.F.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law L. Eden Burgess, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law J. Beckwith Burr, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Calabrese, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Charles H. Camp, B.S., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable John M. Campbell, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Russell F. Canan, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Alexander 0. Canizares, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Burrus M. Carnahan, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Steven A. Cash, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Scott Castle, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Rosa Celorio, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Peggy A. Clarke, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Anna M. Coburn, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David K. Cohen, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Wayne R. Cohen, B.B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Melissa F. Colangelo, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Judith Conti, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Moses A. Cook, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Thomas F. Cooney, IlI, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Gavin A. Corn, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Polly Craighill, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John R. Crook, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Howard Crystal, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Richard J. Cummins, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Edward J. Damich, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Harold Datz, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Patricia Davis, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Warren N. Davis, B.S.F.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law William E. Davis, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Danya A. Dayson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Deborah De Masi, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Harry A. Dennis, III, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Thomas J. DePaso, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Keith W. Diener, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Visiting Assistant Professor of Strategic Management and Public Policy; ProfessorialLecturer in Law Krishna S. Dighe, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Charles E. DiLeva, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Donna M. Downing, A.B., M.P.P., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Geoffrey A. Drucker, A.B., J.D., M.S., Professorial Lecturer in Law Donald R. Dunner, B.S.Ch.E., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Athena V. Eastwood, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ethan C. Eddy, A.B., J.D., M.P.H., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jane Moretz Edmisten, A.B., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Randall D. Eliason, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Andrew S. Effron, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Timothy J. English, B.A., M.Ed., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Paul F. Enzinna, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Theodore R. Essex, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Shamita D. Etienne-Cummings, B.S.E.E., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Norman L. Eule, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Leslie Fair, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James H. Falk Sr., B.S., B.A., LL.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law William J. Farah, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Christopher Farris, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Phil T. Feola, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brian E. Finch, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Anne N. Finken, B.A., M.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Catharine H. Finn, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David Freestone, LL.B., LL.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Susan French, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law; Clinic Senior Staff Attorney Leon Fresco, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law C. Scott Fulton, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark P. Gaber, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Joshua E. Gardner, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Aram Gavoor, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sharon Geno, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Andrew T. George, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Francis A. Gilligan, B.A., J.D., LL.M., S.J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stuart M. Ginsberg, B.A., D.M.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Aitan D. Goelman, B.A., J.D., Lecturer in Law Kuyomars Golparvar, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Janet A. Gongola, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David R. Goodfriend, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Carl F. Goodman, B.B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Timothy Goodman, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Larry A. Gordon, B.S., M.C.P., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Siddharth Goswami, B.A., LL.B., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Richard M. Gray, B.A., B.S.E.E., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Susan Green, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jonathan L. Greenblatt, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Henry F. Greene, B.A., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable William P. Greene, Jr., B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Garry S. Grossman, A.B., M.Sc., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ross M. Guberman, B.A., M.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable James S. Halpern, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Adjunct Professor of Law John K. Han, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brian S. Harvey, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Colin Harvey, LL.B., S.J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Mark Harvey, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jonathan W. Haray, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sheerin Haubenreich, B.A., M.Sc., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jeanne M. Hauch, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Henry Hertzfeld, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael M. Hicks, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Theodore Hirt, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Adam Hoffinger, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eileen Barkas Hoffman, B.S., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John Beadle Holt, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jonathan Hooks, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James E. Hopenfeld, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Marian Blank Horn, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David Hricik, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law M. Robb Hyde, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joseph A. Hynds, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Craig S. Iscoe, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Gerald F. Ivey, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ketanji Brown Jackson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Debra Jacobson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ira F. Jaffe, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David S. Jonas, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Daniel Jordan, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Erin M. Josendale, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law D. Brian Kacedon, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eric J. Kadel, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lindsay Kendall Eyler Kaplan, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael V. Kaplen, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jill Kasle, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert S. Katz, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Nathan K. Kelley, B.S.E.E., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Anastasia Kelly, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ayman H.A. Khaleq, LL.B., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Hamid M. Khan, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Prashant K. Khetan, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Warren R. King, B.A.E., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eric L. Klein, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stephen D. Knight, B.A., J.D., Herman ProfessorialLecturer in Government Contracts Law Kenneth J. Kryvoruka, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Thomas D. Lasich, B.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Nancy M. Lawrence, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sabatino F. Leo, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Richard J. Leon, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Douglas N. Letter, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael S. Levine, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sanford V. Levinson, A.B., J.D., Ph.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Frederic M. Levy, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lawrence R. Liebesman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Denise R. Lind, B.A., J.D., LL.M., LL.M., M.S., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Julie R. Linkins, B.A., M.S., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joey Lipton, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Henry M. Lloyd, B.A., B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in LawJohn H. Longwell, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Alan J. LoRe, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Susan Carney Lynch, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.P.H., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Edward R. Mackiewicz, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robin M. Maher, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert Mahini, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John J. Mahon, B.S.B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sarah Malik, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Peter Y. Malyshev, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Rachel S. Martin, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jennifer Lee Mascott, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eric J. Maurer, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Darryl J. Maxwell, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Marc S. Mayerson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kenneth McCracken, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Peyton McCrary, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brooke McDonough, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Timothy McIlmail, B.S.F.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Roderick R. McKelvie, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael J. McKeon, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Douglas McNamara, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Eric S. Medoff, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Deneen J. Melander, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kenneth Everett Melson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Patrick S. Menasco, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ronald V. Minionis, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michelle Morales, B.S., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James A. Morgulec, B.S., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Frank C. Morris, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Matthew W. Morrison, B.S., J.D., M.B.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Gerald J. Mossinghoff, B.S.E.E., J.D., Armand and Irene Cifelli Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable John M. Mott, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Darrell G. Mottley, B.S., M.B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Thomas R. Mounteer, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ryan J. Munitz, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Anjali Nagpaul, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law John F. Naughton, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Bryan Nese, B.S., M.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lawrence M. Noble, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert Nordhaus, A.B., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Barry M. Nudelman, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Ralph Oman, B.A., J.D., Pravel, Hewitt, Kimball and Kreiger Professorial Lecturer in Intellectual Property and Patent Law Robert L. Palmer, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Elizabeth P. Papez, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas C. Papson, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert Parker, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John A. Pendergrass, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Nancy Perry, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stephen Pershing, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Kevin R. Peska, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Carol Annette Petsonk, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Alfred M. Pollard, B.A., J.D., Ph.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert Pomerance, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas C. Power, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Theodore L. Press, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Brian M. Privor, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Randall R. Rader, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lisa Reid Ragen, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Zol Rainey, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Michael L. Rankin, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Larry E. Ray, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark Redmiles, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Julie Reiley, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robert T. Rhoad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Karen A. Rich, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Daniel Richard, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stephanie Ridder, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Henry duPont Ridgely, B.S., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law James D. Ridgway, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in LawNatalie Gabrielle Roisman, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark E. Rosen, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Jay Rosenthal, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Paul Rosenzweig, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Robin R. Runge, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Christopher Ryan, B.A., M.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Peter Safir, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael Sanders, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Todd F. Sanders, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Chad T. Sarchio, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Stephen Schaefer, B.S., M.S., J.D., M.B.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law James P. Schaller, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Mark E. Schamel, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Joseph M. Schilling, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Michael N. Schlesinger, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles D. Schmitz, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David E. Schreiber, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert A. Schwed, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Sandra A. Sellers, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Mark L. Shaffer, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law William Shawn, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sue D. Sheridan, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Clifford J. Shoemaker, J.D., M.B.A., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Rami Sibay, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Juliana Siconolfi, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Rita Siemion, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Stacy Plotkin Silber, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Cary Silverman, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Thomas J. Simeone, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Steve Simpson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law John A. Singer, B.A., M.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Corey J. Smith, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Dara Smith, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jack D. Smith, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law McKay M. Smith, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Robert J. Smith, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Thomas R. Snider, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Matthew Charles Solomon, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Jeri Somers, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Melysa Sperber, B.S.F.S., M.P.P., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Molly T. Stech, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Andrew A. Steinberg, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law William Steinman, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Richard H. Stern, A.B., B.S.E.E., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Andrew M. Stewart, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Greg Stohr, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Sandra Lee Strokoff, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professorial Lecturer in Law D. Michael Stroud, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Charles F. Stuart, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael J. Surgalla, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lynn Sylvester, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Elizabeth C. Szabo, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John L. Szabo, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Steven M. Tepp, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Alessandro Nicola Terenzoni, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Michael A. Terry, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Justice Clarence Thomas, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Charles W. Thompson, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Saritha Komatireddy Tice, A.B., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kate Todd, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Rick A. Toering, B.S., M.Eng., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Kimberley M. Turner, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law D. Michael Underhill, B.S., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Lorri S. Unumb, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Ricardo M. Urbina, B.A., J.D., David E. Seidelson ProfessorialLecturer in Trial Advocacy Daniel Waldman, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Evan J. Wallach, B.A., J.D., LL.B., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Ryan Wallach, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Teresa A. Wallbaum, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Marc Warren, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.S., Professorial Lecturer in Law Charles B. Wayne, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Max A. Webb, B.A., Ph.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law David B. Weinberg, A.B., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert Weinberg, B.A., LL.B., Ph.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law G. Bradley Weinsheimer, B.A., J.D. ProfessorialLecturer in Law William K. West, Jr., B.S.M.E., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer in Law Diana M. Wick, B.A., J.D., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Jenifer Wicks, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law The Honorable Rhonda Reid Winston, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law John P. Wintrol, B.A., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Lance D. Wood, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professorial Lecturer in Law The Honorable Melvin R. Wright, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Raymond Wyrsch, B.A., J.D., LL.M., M.B.A., ProfessorialLecturer in Law David P. Yaffe, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Robert Youmans, B.A., J.D., M.P.A., LL.M., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Steven Yu, B.A., M.D., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law Imran R. Zaidi, B.A., J.D., ProfessorialLecturer in Law Martin M. Zoltick, B.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer in Law G 93 W.