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Nodal Characters in Some Clerodendrum Species Verbenace

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Nodal Characters in Some Clerodendrum Species Verbenace Vol II, Issue II July 2012 Multilogic in Science ISSN 2277-7601 An International Refreed & Indexed Quarterly Journal NODAL CHARACTERS IN SOME CLERODENDRUM SPECIES VERBENACE. M.A.Bangar Netaji Subhashchandra Bose College of Arts Commer and Science. Nanded . (Received : 05.07.2012; Revised : 20.07.2012; Accepted : 27.07.2012)pd ABSTRACT The nodal structure in five species of Clerodendrum has been studied.The leaves are mostly opposite, whorled rarely alternate and exstipulate.The foliar nodes are uniformly unilacunar and one_ traced or rarely three traced in clerodendrum splendens node is unilacunar multi- traced. It is remarkable to note that in C.serratum two smaller strands come out not only from an arc shaped strand but also from the axial stellar tissue at the level where an arc strand separates out later from the stellar tissue. The origin of axillary bud trace is either independent or in association with leaf trace. The sclaranchyma occurs as a mechanical tissue in the forms of medium sized distinct patches in C.serratum, where as smaller ones in C.inerme. Key Words: Verbenaceae, Clerodendrum, Node. The present study reveals that the from Gautala jungal Taq. Kannad. majority of the species which are given Dist.Aurangabad. here show unilacunar single traced nodal structure, but in C.splendens the node has Free hand, serial sections were taken unilacunar multitraced condition. .Sections were stained in Saffranin(1%) and Fast green (1%) and mount in Canada It is remarkable to note that in balsam.After the customary dehydration, C.serratum two smaller strands come out some of the hand sections were also not only from the axial stellar ti the level examined in Glycerine. where an arc strand separates out later from the stellar tissue. OBSERVATIONS MATERIALS AND METHODS In most of the investigated species the leaves are whorld, opposite phyllotaxy. The plant material of four species of They are arranged in whorld ,opposite and Clerodendrum were locally brought from alternate manner. The flower or Botanical Garden of Dr.Babasaheb inflorescence is frequently axillary. Ambedkar Marathwada Generally a singale bud is developed in the Univercity.Aurangabad Clerodendrum axil of leaf. Two lateral traces emerge out aculeatum, C.inerme, C.philippinum, next which unite to from a stele structure C.splendens and one species i.e for axillary bud. The vasculature for Clerodendrum serratum was colleceted axillary bud is next drived. 176 Vol II, Issue II July 2012 Multilogic in Science ISSN 2277-7601 An International Refreed & Indexed Quarterly Journal In C.inerme smaller patches of a prominent gap in majority of the given sclerenchyma surround vascular tissue at species. Thus a node becomes a unilacunar intermodal and nodal regions are seen but single traced structure (Fig.1,4,7,10,15) they do not extend into the The median trace splits at both the ends petiole.(Fig.4,5,6.) forming two strands which extends into petiole. In C.serratum the the sclerenchyma pathches enclose the vascular tissue at In C.splendens form the axial intermodal and nodal regions and they are vascular tissue an arc shaped strand and also extend into petiole three smaller accessory traces are given (Fig.10,11,12,13,14.) out leaving behind a single gap. The arc and three accessory bundles extend into At nodal region, an arc shaped the petiole. The node is unilacunar many vascular trace separates out leaving behind traced(Fig.15,16,17). Figures 1-19. Transvers section 0f nodal Fig. 1-6, Clerodendrum aculeatum. region. 177 Vol II, Issue II July 2012 Multilogic in Science ISSN 2277-7601 An International Refreed & Indexed Quarterly Journal Fig. 7,8,9, Clerodendrum inerme. the point of view of the requirement of rigidity or mechanical strength increase in Fig. 10,11,12, Clerodendrum philippinum. the size and number of pathes of Fig. 13,14,15,16, Clerodendrum serratum. sclerenchyma in these plants appears to be related to the habit of the plants and size of Fig. 17,18,19, Clerodendrum splendens. the leaves.In his survey of the nodal organization in angiosperms, DISCUSSION Sinnott(1914) has opined that Verbenaceae While exhibiting a great degree posses a unilacunar single traced node. of uniformity in given species the present Marsden and Bailey (1955) study brings out the interesting features. reported unilocunar two traced in The node shows only singal major Clerodendrum. Esau(1965) has also shown category unilacunar.The unilacunar node unilacunar two trace condition of node in has one traced or multitraced condition. this genus. According to Shah.et.al (1972) The unilacunar node with an arc shaped the unilacunar node is with one, two or trace occurs in C.aculeatum, C.serratum many traced condition in this family and in and unilacunar solitary bilobed trace in the species of Clerodendrum. It is two or C.inerme and C.philippinum. Where as multitraced. unilacunar multi-trace condition is characteristic for C.splendens. Cronquist(1981) also indicates unilacunar nodes with two-many traces for It is remarkable to note in Verbenaceae. C.serratum two smaller strands come out not only from an arc shaped strand but also While studying a large number from the axial stellar tissue at the level of taxa of the angiosperms, where an arc strand separates out later Sinnoit(1914) emphasized the significance from the stellar tissue the branching of arc of the leaf trace and leaf gap in the strand is evident near the leaf gap in systematic of the angiosperms conflicting C.aculeatum, C.inerme and C.philippinum. views have been expressed by different workers with regard to the evolutionary In four species two additional conception of vegetative node in the bundles are formed by solitary arc strand flowering plants suggesting both reduction which extend as cortical bundle in petiole. and/or amplification of vascular tissue The node is unilacunar many traced in during the course of specialization. C.splendens and near the leaf gap.The mechanical tissue in the form of Marsden and Bailey (1955) sclerenchyma extends around the discovered a fourth type of node i.e vasculature in the form of distinct patches unilacunar two-traced in C.trichotomum. in C.serratum whereassmaller patches in They considered it as primitive nodal type C.inerme. The sclerenchyma is not among tracheophyta and the other three observed in C.aculeatum, C.splendens and forms described by Sinnott (1914) are C.philippinum. believed to have been drived from this. The occurrence and variations of sclerenchyma may be looked upon from 178 Vol II, Issue II July 2012 Multilogic in Science ISSN 2277-7601 An International Refreed & Indexed Quarterly Journal In a retrospect of nodal anatomy plants, Columbia University press,New Pant and Mehra (1964) have pointed out York. that on the basis of existing evidences, it is difficult to regard the unilacunar double Esau, K., (1965) A. Plant Anatomy, John trace node as primitive for all Wiley and Sons, New York. pteropsida.Shah et al (1969) on the basis Marsden, M.P.F. and I.W.Bailey, 1955. A of observation on nodal anatomy of fourth type of nodal anatomy in Clerodendrum have indicated that all dicotyledons, illustrated by Clerodendron unilacunar nodes do not appear to be trichotomum Thunb. J. Arnold Arb.36 :1- homologous. 51. The present study reveals that Pant, D. D. and B.Mehara, 1964. Nodal the majority of the species given show anatomy in retrospect. Phytomorphology unilocunar single traced nodal structure 14 : 384-387. but only C.splendens the node has unilacunar multitraced condition. Shah.et.al.(1969) The occurance of the axillary Shah.et.al. 1972.Vasvular supply of bud is noted in all the species investigated. axillary buds in some dicotyledons. Generally a solitary bud develops in the Adv.Pl. Morph.(Prof.Puri axil of each leaf. The axillary buds commemmemoration Vol.), ed. Y. S. develop into a branch, flower or Muyrt , B.M. Johri, H. V. Mohan Ram and inflorescence. T.M. Varghese,Sarita Prakashan, Meerut, pp.65-75. The vascular supply to each axillary bud is derived from axial stele Sinnott , E.W,. 1914. Investigatios on the either directly or in association with a leaf phylogeny of the angiosperms-I. The trace.Shah.et.al (1972) mention the anatomy of the node as an aid in the association of bud traces with the traces of classification of angiosperms. Amer. J. the subtending leaf in some Verbenaceae Bot., 1:303-332. and Labiatae. .Vasvular supply of axillary buds in some The nodal characters like dicotyledons. Adv.Pl. Morph.(Prof.Puri branching of the solitary strand,additional . Mohan Ram and T.M. Varghese,Sarita bundles, occurrence of sclerenchymatous Prakashan, Meerut, pp.65-75. patches can be utilized as adjuncts in the delineation of the taxa and species studies. Investigatios on the phylogeny of the angiosperms-I. The anatomy of the node as REFERENCES an aid in the classification of angiosperms. Cronquist,A. (1981) An Integrated Amer. systematic of classification of Flowering 179 .
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