Keeping Safe from Injury
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Keeping Safe From Injury www.preventingchildrensinjuries.org About Trauma Care at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Research shows that more children survive and have better outcomes when given pediatric trauma care at a pediatric hospital. The Trauma Care Center at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland is an ACS verified Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center (one of only six in California) and is dedicated exclusively to caring for children. Staffed with board-certified pediatric emergency medicine specialists, the Trauma Care Center provides immediate highly-specialized pediatric emergency services, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. An average of 1000 traumatically injured children per year require Children’s trauma team services, making the team at Children’s Trauma Care Center one of the most experienced in the Bay Area. 2 UCSF BENIOFF CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OAKLAND Table of Contents Keeping Safe From Injury Car Seats .....................................4 Kids and Car Safety ..............................6 The Safe Pedestrian .............................8 This safety booklet is a gift to you from UCSF Helmet Safety ..................................9 Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Trauma Concussion.................................. Services. The information inside may make a 10 difference in your child’s life. It is estimated that 90 Scooters .................................... 11 percent of unintentional injuries could be avoided. Burns ...................................... The prevention tips in this booklet can help keep 12 your child safe and healthy. We hope you’ll take the Fires ....................................... 13 time to read the important and useful information in this booklet and share it with your friends and Choking .................................... 14 neighbors. We care about kids the way you do. Preventing Dog Bites .......................... 15 This childhood injury prevention information was Preventing Drowning ........................... 16 compiled by Bonnie Lovette, RN, MS, PNP, Injury Preventing Falls ............................... 18 Prevention Coordinator, Trauma Service, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland. A Safe Sleep Environment ........................ 20 Poisoning ................................... 22 Readability: 7.1 Flesch-Kincaid. Guns ....................................... 24 KEEPING SAFE FROM INJURY 3 Car Seats Why should I use a car seat? n All children 2 years or older should continue to ride rear facing until they have Motor vehicle crashes are the leading outgrown the rear facing weight or height cause of death among children. A car seat, limit for their car seat. (For most children properly used, is the best way to prevent a that is 4 years of age). Car seats that child’s injury or death in a crash. are being manufactured now have much California car seat law: higher rear facing limits. Children can sit n All children under 8 years of age must with their legs in positions that adults be properly restrained in the back seat would find painful and be comfortable. of a vehicle in a correctly installed child Studies have shown that leg injuries are passenger safety restraint that meets rare for children who are rear facing. federal standards. n All children who have outgrown the rear n All children who are between 8 and 16 facing weight or height limit for their car years of age must be properly restrained seat then should ride forward facing using in either an appropriate child passenger the internal 5-point harness system for as restraint or a properly fitted safety (seat) long as possible to the highest forward belt. facing weight or height allowed by the n All children must remain rear-facing in the manufacturer. Children may be placed back seat of the vehicle in an appropriate forward facing in a convertible seat or car seat until 2 years of age unless the forward-facing-only seat or a combination TIP child weighs 40 or more lbs. or is 40 or 3-in-1/all-in-1 car seat. Car seats are not cribs or more inches tall. The penalty for turning a n All children who have outgrown the height babysitters. Never leave a child forward facing too soon with court and/or weight limit of the forward-facing child unattended in a car seat! fees is about $500 and a point on the harness should ride in a booster seat. license against the parent, or the driver if Backless boosters require that the vehicle the parent is not present. seat has a high back or an adjustable 4 UCSF BENIOFF CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OAKLAND head rest (up to the child’s ear level). If n For older children and adults, seat belt use Seat belt test to the vehicle seat is low and/or the head reduces the risk for death and serious injury rest doesn’t adjust high enough, a high by approximately half. determine if your back booster seat is used. If the child can n All passengers age 12 or younger should child is ready to use be properly restrained forward facing in a be properly restrained in the back seat. an adult seat belt: combination seat (which has a high back) n Make sure to read the manufacturer’s n Does the child sit upright with or in a 3-in-1/all-in-1 seat (which may have instructions to see what positions are hips all the way back against high back or backless options) the 5-point allowed for the carrying handle when the vehicle’s seat back? harness is removed from the seat. All securing an infant seat in the car. boosters require the child to be restrained n Do the child’s knees bend Child passenger safety is one of the few areas by both a shoulder and lap belt system. comfortably at the edge of the where the next step is not positive & where vehicle’s seat? Safety tips: delaying transitions is best practice. Moving a A child typically outgrows their booster seat n Is the lap belt below the child to a booster seat too early reduces the abdomen, on the top part of by 4 feet 9 inches tall, which may be 10 to level of protection. 12 years of age, and can then use the adult the thighs, and snug across safety (seat) belt in the back seat of the When should I use a car seat? the hips? n Is the shoulder belt centered vehicle. n Always. No trip is too short. Most motor over the shoulder and across n Safety (seat) belts fit properly when the lap vehicle crashes happen within 25 miles of the chest? belt lies across the upper thighs and the home. Use a car seat every time, on every shoulder belt fits across the chest in front trip, in any car. n Can the child stay seated in this position for the whole of the child. n Make sure your friends, relatives, and trip? n Car seat use reduces the risk for death to childcare providers have a correctly infants (0 to 1 year) by 71 percent and to installed car seat that they use every time If you answered “no” to any of toddlers (aged 1 to 4 years) by 54 percent your child is in their car. these questions, your child needs a booster seat to ride safely in the in passenger vehicles. Find a car seat inspection station in your car. n Booster seat use reduces the risk for area: serious injury by 45 percent for children 866-732-8243 (Source: www.carseat.org) aged 4 to 8 years when compared with seat nnwww.nhtsa.gov belt use alone. nnwww.safekids.org nnwww.aaa.com/carseats KEEPING SAFE FROM INJURY 5 Kids and Car Safety Did you know? In the U.S., 50 children are backed over by vehicles every week, and at least two of these children are fatally injured. In 70 percent of the incidents, the driver of the vehicle is the child’s parent, grandparent, aunt, uncle, or older sibling. In one minute, your life can change forever. There are many simple ways that we can keep children safer around cars. What can you do to n Teach your child to never run up to a moving car and never walk protect your family: behind a car. n Do not allow your child to play n In an effort to reduce deaths in or around parked or moving and serious injuries caused cars, no matter where the cars by backovers, the Cameron are located. Gulbransen Kids Transportation n Check online, in the automotive Safety Act was passed in 2014 department of a local store or at that requires rearview technology auto parts retailers, for camera be standard in all new devices to help prevent backover cars. However, persons driving injury. All vehicles can and older model cars that do not should have rear view visibility. have the new technology should n Walk around your car before continue to vigilantly practice all starting it to make sure a child is the precautions advised. not behind it. 6 UCSF BENIOFF CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL OAKLAND Hyperthermia: n The Hot Cars Act of 2019: This bill will require new vehicles to be n Protect against hyperthermia. equipped to detect the presence of Hyperthermia is a greatly increased a child or pet and to warn the driver body temperature. Even when the and bystanders. This legislation is Children temperature is 60°F outside, the needed to help prevent children should never temperature inside a car will rise to from dying of heatstroke when left play in or above 110°F in a short period of time. unattended, or when they have around cars! On an 80°F day, the temperature gained access to an unoccupied inside the car can be deadly within 10 car. (Bill pending at time of printing). minutes. A child’s body temperature However, persons driving older can rise up to five times faster than model cars that do not have the an adult’s.